Mr. Konstantin M. Yamnitskiy Profile

Konstantin M. Yamnitskiy

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Proceedings Article | 14 September 2006 Paper

New organic infiltrants for 2-D and 3-D photonic crystals

Robert Norwood, Hiroshi Sumimura, Savaş Tay, Konstantin Yamnitsky, Alexander Kropachev, Jayan Thomas, Nasser Peyghambarian, J. H. Moon, Shu Yang, Terje Skotheim

Proceedings Volume 6331, 63310A (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.684056

KEYWORDS: Photonic crystals, Refractive index, Silicon, Metals, Chemical vapor deposition, Carbon, Polymers, Infrared radiation, Diffraction, Glasses

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Photonic crystals have now started to make the transition from basic to applied research, with new materials systems and device results being published on a frequent basis. While a number of photonic crystals have been made using organic materials, the lack of high index organic materials has impeded their development. We have investigated several novel high index organic systems for use in both 2-D and 3-D photonic crystals. 2-D photonic crystal templates were made by a rapid multibeam interference method in the photoresist SU-8, using 532nm laser radiation. These samples, typically on glass, were then infiltrated by a number of methods including from solution and melt, as well through chemical vapor deposition. Solutions of a titanium precursor with a cured refractive index of 2.1 at 633nm were infiltrated and cured in the SU-8 structure, with the infiltrant deposited by both by spin coating and casting. The resulting structure was shown to preserve the six-fold symmetry of the initial photonic crystal and subsequent firing at high temperature effectively removed the SU-8 template. We have also explored the infiltration of nanoamorphous carbon into the photonic crystals using chemical vapor deposition. This material, which is essentially a carbon-silicon ceramic, has exceptional infrared optical properties with a refractive index > 2 for wavelengths beyond 2 μm. The SU-8 polymer template has been shown to survive the CVD deposition process and the resulting infiltrated structure also preserves the initial PC symmetry. A series of metal-like PCs with a full range of properties is enabled by the ability to dope the nanoamorphous carbon with metals that possess exceptional refractive indices in the infrared regions of interest. We have also investigated the potential for nonlinear optical devices based upon azobenzene copolymer infiltrated silicon PCs and demonstrate the excellent properties of this material with respect to all-optical effects.

Proceedings Article | 25 June 2004 Paper

Emerging applications of nano Raman

Yanming Zhao, Brendan McCarthy, Konstantin Yamnitskiy, Dror Sarid

Proceedings Volume 5363, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.534155

KEYWORDS: Raman spectroscopy, Atomic force microscopy, Silver, Raman scattering, Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, Metals, Gold, Particles, Silicon, Surface plasmons

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Commercial Raman confocal microscopy can acquire images with a resolution down to 200 nm. Much effort has recently been devoted to improve upon this resolution and obtain chemical characterization of ultimately a single organic molecule. As an effort in this direction, we have developed an experimental configuration by combining the analytical power of Raman spectroscopy with the nanometer resolution of atomic force microscopy (AFM). Here, an AFM silicon nitride probe, coated with a 40 nm silver layer, was used to significantly enhance the Raman signal by laser excitation of surface plasmons in the tip coating. Experimental results indicate a local surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) increase of 10⁵. Lateral scanning of the sample and collecting the SERS signal allows for a 2D image of the chemical identity of the probed sample simultaneous with its topography as measured by the AFM. Also, the ratio of Stokes to anti-Stokes can be used to obtain an instantaneous and absolute map of the local temperature across the sample.

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