This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 12050 including the Title Page, Copyright information, and Table of Contents.

This study puts forward the concept framework of a cloud collaborative method for underground pipeline relocation. It is expected that through the use of advanced technologies such as building information modeling (BIM), geographic information system (GIS), mobile Internet, cloud computing, etc., the information management of pipeline relocation work will be carried out to solve the problem of data islands in actual projects, so as to break through the information fault and establish accurate and reliable underground pipeline data, effectively improve the current pipeline information management problems, bring effective prospects for the development of underground pipeline relocation projects.

As a promising method to improve traffic safety, mobility and environmental impacts, autonomous vehicles will inevitably be the future of transportation. Both car following (CF) and lane changing (LC) are the most basic and frequent maneuver in autonomous driving, and therefore become two key issues to focus on in recent researches about autonomous vehicle (AV) in which, lane changing modeling is even more complex and difficult as it involves more factors, such as microscopic behaviors of surrounding vehicles and traffic states of lanes. This paper introduces the whole process of lane changing of autonomous vehicles and focuses on decision making module for the sake of its great significance. An investigation on lane-changing decision-making models and algorithms is provided in this paper.

Classification of vehicles in urban areas is an important part of transport and traffic management. To improve the performance of car classification, many Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) have been developed to accomplish this tedious task. Unfortunately, most of these systems are inaccurate in vehicle detection and/or classification. This paper proposes a new car classification algorithm based on vehicle acoustic signals, which adds an attention module to the original BP neural network, highlighting features in the time and frequency domain information that are more capable of distinguishing between vehicle classes, and providing better robustness in real-world environments. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm on the vehicle classification task, we compare the method with the traditional SVM algorithm and the BP neural network without the attention mechanism. Experimental results show that the method using vehicle acoustic features combined with an attention module achieves a classification accuracy of 89.34%, which is a 12.22% improvement over the traditional SVM method, and a 5.23% improvement compared to the BP neural network method without the attention module.

Based on the maximum satisfaction of relief materials in the disaster area, this paper quantifies the emergency degree of material demand in the disaster area, and comprehensively considers the distribution of materials. At the same time, in the process of distribution, according to the actual situation of the road in public emergencies, the road driving reliability is obtained by comprehensive analysis and quantification, with the objective of minimizing the sum of distribution time, cost and road driving reliability, the optimization model of emergency material distribution path in public emergencies is constructed. Then through the genetic algorithm to solve the problem, and the case design is used for empirical analysis.

It is very important to provide material support for people in disaster area in order to save lives and reduce losses. With the development of science and technology and the popularization of 5G network, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV, or drone) will be widely used in urban logistics delivery and emergency rescue. Using trucks as a launch platform for drones, and delivering logistics in a coordinated distribution mode of trucks and drones, which is expected to further improve distribution efficiency. A mixed integer programming model with the shortest total delivery time is established. An artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm embedded with improved mileage-saving (the Clarke-Wright or C-W) algorithm is developed to solve this model. The results show that the established model and the proposed algorithm are effective and can provide guidance for the application of drones in emergency rescue.

Cooperative Vehicle Infrastructure System is the focus and hotspot of smart transportation research. This paper collects SCI journal paper data under the core collection of Web of Science in the field of CVIS from 2011 to 2020, uses the method of Mapping Knowledge Domains to analyze the paper data, reveals the research hotspots, evolution characteristics, research frontiers and development trends in this field, and then concludes that the research on CVIS is in the early stage of development, international and domestic research themes and hotspots are basically consistent, CVIS is a development path of autonomous driving technology suitable for China's national conditions. The research in this paper can provide references for policy planning, technology research and development, and industrial development in this field.

Roadbed pavement drainage design is an important part of road design, and subsurface drainage design is another difficult part of the whole drainage design. In this paper, the engineering example of mountainous highway is used to numerically simulate the actual highway seepage field by SEEP/W software for the concealed drainage design problem of highway roadbed based on unsaturated soil theory. Simulation results show that plastic blind trench has better drainage collection capacity than gravel blind trench. In highway engineering, plastic blind trench can be used as a kind of concealed drainage facility for roadbed with excellent performance.

In the pursuit of sustainable cities, many countries have established the rating systems to label qualified projects as “green buildings” to promote the design and operation of sustainable building. However, the rating and labeling process is often time-consuming and skill-demanding due to the standards in multiple levels and the diversity of construction projects. This paper developed a framework that partially automated the process of green building evaluation to reduce repetitive and demanding manual work for rating experts. It used Natural Language Processing (NLP) to extract and organize semantic information from standards, and automatically identify and classify items. Computer algorithms and BIM technology could achieve the information of calculation reports and related drawings files extraction and evaluation. The proposed rulebased framework was verified by an example that automatically calculated the score in material saving. Compared with the results of manual review, each project could save an average of 110 minutes, and more than 80% of the projects could reach 90% accuracy. The framework can support evaluation for experts and promote the development of automated evaluation of green buildings.

In order to study the factors that affect the following distance under the condition of the curve following scenario, based on the driving simulator, the curve of different radius was constructed, and the speeds of the lead vehicle were set. Thirteen drivers were selected for testing. Carry out parametric analysis of the following distance. The experiment designed four curve radiuses of 125m, 250m, 400m and 650m, and three following speeds of 60km/h, 80km/h and 100km/h. The vehicle finally reached a stable following state. The results showed that the curve radius and lead vehicle speed have a significant effect on the following distance, and there is no interaction between the two factors. It also gives the average value of the following distances for different curve radius and different following speeds.

Roadway stack plays an indispensable role in the whole cycle of road exploration design, construction and maintenance management. However, due to human factors, the settlement error of road 100-meter piles between the actual station and the designed station is unavoidable, which has significant influences on the subsequent road maintenance management. In this paper, in order to calibrate this type of error, a calibration strategy and the Geographic Information System (GIS) secondary development is realized, which combines ArcGIS model builder with Python script. Finally, an automatic calibration tool is developed. The automatic batching processing method for the roadway stack calibration improves the accuracy and efficiency of the vehicle-based pavement maintenance.

Building information modelling (BIM) implementation in prefabricated building tends to be an emerging research domain in the recent decades to many benefits to project shareholders, such as enhancement in design, data exchange and sharing, and reducing construction waste and productivity. This research explores state-of-the-art of BIM adoption in the prefabricated building issues through the bibliometric review method. The objective of this paper is to identify the barriers to BIM implementation in prefabricated building projects. This research contributes to the body of knowledge by integrating BIM with prefabricated building projects for further research needs.

With the rapid development of city urbanization, the identification of urban functional zones and the exploration of life convenience in urban area becomes an important reference for urban problem analysis and urban decision-making. Based on POI data, this paper uses kernel density analysis and clustering algorithm analysis method to obtain POI kernel density center and cluster center for all kinds of data. And the accuracy of the clustering center is verified by comparing with the kernel density center. In addition, the clustering center points are also verified by comparing with the current satellite image, which demonstrated that convenience center based on this study is reliable and authentic.

Construction techniques and specifications are an important and indispensable part of the construction process, and the archiving and management of each process is also an important part of enterprise data management. Along with the widespread promotion and application of engineering information technology, the traditional enterprise process and standardized management methods can no longer meet the needs of enterprise development. Therefore, this paper develops a B/S and C/S combined civil engineering process file information management system based on computer application technology. Through this system, it meets the requirements of enterprises for storage and retrieval of engineering construction processes and engineering specifications, and solves the drawbacks of traditional control systems.

With the increasing competition in the global automobile market, more and more automobile manufacturers begin to pay attention to the driving performance of vehicles. If a vehicle has excellent driving performance, it can improve the market competitiveness of the vehicle to a certain extent. In order to study the influence of tire parameters on vehicle driving performance, a vehicle dynamics model was built based on CarMaker dynamics software platform. Two typical test conditions are selected. One is sinusoidal signal steering input on flat road and the other is straight driving on a bumpy road. Three tire models with different parameters were integrated into the vehicle dynamics model for simulation analysis. The key dynamic variables of vehicle are output, and the responses of vehicle in longitudinal, transverse and vertical directions are compared. The results show that the changes of some tire parameters have great influence on the longitudinal and transverse performance of the vehicle, but have little influence on the vertical performance of the vehicle.

In the reconstruction and extension project of mountainous highway, it is difficult to choose the route scheme for some sections. The main reason is the comprehensive choice of alignment parameters, project cost and environmental protection. In this paper, a TOPSIS evaluation method based on entropy weight method is proposed. From the most concerned aspects of route scheme selection, 11 indexes are selected, including minimum horizontal curve radius, longitudinal slope value, horizontal and vertical combination, first part cost, filling and excavation balance, proportion of high filling and deep excavation section, bridge tunnel ratio, space type, slope masonry ratio, roadside safety assurance degree and number of access points, the entropy weight method is used to determine the weight of the index, and then the TOPSIS method is used to calculate the distance between each scheme and the ideal solution, so as to judge the advantages and disadvantages of each scheme. The method is applied in practical engineering. The evaluation method provides a new idea for the selection of route scheme in the reconstruction and expansion project.

In order to address the problems of high cost, inconvenient installation and susceptibility to weather conditions of existing vehicle speed measurement methods, this paper presents a novel differential beamforming-based vehicle speed measurement method, which applies differential microphone array beamforming techniques for vehicle speed measurement with better robustness in real-world environments. To evaluate the performance of the method on vehicle speed estimation, we conducted field experiments. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper has a lower cost of implementation and reduced computational complexity. Our algorithm produced better accuracy and performance in vehicle speed measurement (VSM).

The Tower of Pisa was constructed between 1173 and 1370 as a naval base of in the Roman times. The tower becomes a subject of studying in civil engineering because of its tilt towards the South of almost 5 degrees. Motivated by its tilting phenomenon, this paper discusses a simulation of the construction of the tower and the effects the tilt has on the ground. It also evaluates the soil excavation method performed by past engineers in its stabilization process. The result of the simulation testifies that maximum stress occurs on the South side of the tower. The gravity of tower creates a region of compressed soil on the northside which loses subsoil on the southside and furthers inclination. It is noteworthy that the location of maximum stress does not vary hugely with ground compositions but being made of materials with softer quality cause more significant deformations. The paper suggests that future preservation of the tower should focus on methods like soil excavation, as it uses the relationship between ground composition and the tower's deformation to lessen the tilt.

With the improvement of information technology and the promotion of professional certification, the informationization of professional certification is bound to become the mainstream trend of professional certification in various disciplines. Based on the three basic requirements of engineering education professional accreditation, this paper designs and develops a management information system for civil engineering professional accreditation based on the existing traditional academic affairs system with four new functional modules such as civil engineering professional accreditation assessment system. The system realizes the whole cycle and process control of civil engineering students' study and career development, further improves the theoretical level and practical ability of engineering students in universities, cultivates a large number of high-quality engineering talents for the society, and also standardizes the quality standards of civil engineering and related majors.

Bus detector layout is essential for detecting reactive transit signal priority (TSP) at an intersection, and a single-step detection concerned in practice difficultly takes into account the fluctuation of operating speed and the flexibility of adjusting the timing scheme. Therefore, synthetically considering the two factors, a multi-step detector layout algorithm, involving two types of detectors, is proposed and the corresponding detection mechanism is performed for TSP. Based on the constraint of four bus arrival conditions and two priority strategies, a preview detector layout algorithm is established with a low fail-priority rate, which satisfies the premise of adjusting the scheme with certain flexibility for the worst condition. Then, in the near position, a confirm detector is installed to modify the deviation of travel time caused by the speed fluctuation and correct the priority scheme. Moreover, an intersection simulation scenario with TSP is carried out based on VISSIM and VAP, and four cases are established for the sensitivity analysis of the detectors’ positions. As the distance of the preview detector increases, the fail-priority rate decreases stepwise, and the efficiency is better at 450m, in Case ①. When the confirm detector is set at 150 m, the adverse efficiency caused by speed fluctuation is effectively alleviated, with the average vehicle delay reduced to 5.1 s/veh, in Case ③. Thus, the simulation result shows that the optimal detector distances are 450m, and 150m respectively, which verifies that the bus detector layout algorithm could effectively improve the bus operation efficiency and reliability.

Autonomous driving vehicle is the mainstream trend of the development of the automotive industry at home and abroad. In the process of its research and development, many safety problems are frequently exposed. Therefore, the safety test of autonomous driving vehicles is particularly important. Autonomous driving vehicle testing can be carried out in three aspects: virtual simulation test, proving ground test and real road test. Among them, proving ground test , as a kind of real vehicle test, mainly tests typical dangerous scenarios. Based on the simulation software Carmaker, a method of automatic generation of simulation test cases is proposed in this paper. The method defines different parameter variables and parameter boundary, realizes the automatic combination of parameters through the editing and running of the code, and improves the efficiency of simulation test and the coverage of test cases. Through the high-efficiency and high-coverage hardware-in-the-loop simulation test, the dangerous test cases of typical scenarios are screened out for the proving ground test, so as to make the proving ground test more targeted and improve the efficiency of the proving ground test. Meanwhile, combination of virtual simulation and proving ground in actual test is able to ensure simulation result effectiveness.

In this paper, the automobile recall data since 2004 is analyzed comprehensively. This report discusses the related activities of parts defects and recall in the automotive industry, focuses on the risk of parts defects, and deeply analyzes the trend of recall completion rate, recall times and recall quantity, so as to provide data analysis basis for promoting and improving the construction of China's automobile recall system. A deep understanding of existing recall statistics of defected vehicles is also helpful to guide vehicle manufacturers to adjust and improve their product quality management.

This paper puts forward the method and process of road test for vehicles with the autonomous driving function from the perspective of the third-party testing organization. In view of the operational design domain (ODD) of the autopilot function and the road environment element library, the corresponding test roads are selected. At the same time, taking the synchronous data acquisition equipment as the test system, a true-value system equipped with traffic environment detection and dynamic data recording of the vehicle is installed on the tested vehicle to carry out the real vehicle road test. A safety driving model based on the driver’s response and vehicle dynamics is proposed in different scenarios, which is used as the evaluation model of autonomous driving behaviors to verify the safety of the automatic driving function of the vehicles. The test method is provided for the actual road test of the automatic driving function.

The three-dimensional vector model of slope and structure plays an extremely important role in slope stability evaluation, engineering treatment and maintenance. A 3D visualization model of slope structure was built, the vector information was presented, and a display module was developed in this paper. To be more specific, the 3D model of slope stratum was fabricated and edited via 3DS Max. Next, the modeling flow of stratum and its optimization scheme were established. The shooting requirements and specifications were proposed for the multi-angle acquisition of handheld camera. According to the data files of structure, the file plug-ins of slope monitoring equipment were edited and fabricated through 3DS Max. Based on the superposition of 3D model, the vector information of slope structure was added to the corresponding 3D slope model to realize the presentation and display of its vector information. On this basis, functions like distance measurement and area measurement were developed in accordance with related engineering requirements, expecting to facilitate the practical engineering application.

Civil engineering laboratory is an important incubation base for universities to cultivate engineering talents. However, at the present stage, civil engineering laboratories lack a scientific and effective information management system, and there are problems such as inadequate use of teaching resources. Based on this situation, this paper combines computer application technology and Internet of Things technology to design and develop a civil engineering laboratory IOT integrated management system, which realizes the information management and whole process control of civil engineering laboratory and enhances the practical ability of civil engineering students.

Through the comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of various unmanned aerial vehicles in terms of flight method, Altizure APP was used for data collection during automated flights based on the slope types and features. The parameters of the software were studied and analyzed, and the best range of the parameter values during aerial filming of the slope was proposed. By comparing flight performance, the path planning scheme was optimized. The research on the construction of a three-dimensional visual model of roadbed slope was carried out. Given the pros and cons of the existing mainstream software, PhotoScan and Altizure were combined for modeling. The model construction process was developed, and the modeling effect under the influence of each parameter was analyzed through experiments, and the optimal parameter control was determined through continuous debugging. In the end, the multi-format three-dimensional model was transformed into a lightweight intermediate format data method. By doing so, WebGL-based display can be realized directly in the browser, which greatly reduces the model size and improves the loading and display speed of the model on the web page.

In the bus IC card data system, there will often be quality issues, such as time point irregularities and losses, due to slight variations in the patterns and usage across the country or due to equipment work or transport failures in the IC card data, with an average error rate of 1.5%.Especially, at present, the amount of data is increasing, and the time that one data cleaning process needs to take is more and more astonishing, so this paper tries for a kind of data cleaning system that can normative the cleaning of data, and can guarantee the complete data cleaning in a reasonable time frame. The first data cleaning result is obtained by standardizing and classifying the initial data format; the second data cleaning result is obtained by correcting the format in accordance with the first data cleaning result, and the third data cleaning result is obtained by correcting the logic in terms of the second data cleaning result. In comparison to the typical comparable duplicate data cleaning technique, this method ensures high efficiency and accuracy while cleaning and maintaining bus IC card data on a regular basis, allowing for precise location of the source and destination of each dirty data, which has significant practical implications for big data processing.

Corrugated steel web continuous rigid frame bridge has the advantages of low resource consumption and low environmental impact. It will become an important part of low-carbon construction of civil engineering. This paper presents an effective method for predicting the deflection of continuous rigid frame bridges with corrugated steel webs. The method includes three analysis stages: (1) obtain the data set to establish the prediction model (2) establish the optimized neural network model combined with mind evolutionary computation (MEC) algorithm and back propagation (BP) algorithm. (3) The optimized mec-bp model is used to predict the deflection of CSWS PC bridge construction. The feasibility of this method is verified by an actual CSWS PC bridge. The results show that compared with the traditional BP model, this method has better prediction performance, can accurately predict the deflection of CSWS PC Bridge in the construction process, and provide effective help for construction control.

In this paper, an optimal path decision algorithm based on data fusion is proposed to solve the problem of trajectory trajectory modeling in Coal Mine Geographic information system due to missing locating points. Firstly, multiple paths satisfying time by using the K-shortest path algorithm are found out. Then, the time matching degree and travel habits of these paths are fused. Finally, the path with the largest fusion value is chosen as the supplement of the optimal path points. The experimental analysis shows that the algorithm can effectively find the optimal path under different conditions.

With the rapid development of traffic engineering, the number of large-scale tunnel projects is increasing, and the scale of abandoned slag accumulation caused by tunnel excavation is becoming bigger. In order to accumulate as much abandoned slag as possible, many abandoned dreg sites have the phenomenon of overload storage capacity, and the slope of the spoil yard has many hidden dangers due to its own geophysical and mechanical properties, local geological conditions and design parameters. In this paper, based on the particle flow analysis method of discrete element method, the slope deformation process of the railway tunnel abandoned slag was simulated under two conditions of design storage capacity and overload storage capacity. The slope slip development and landslide instability characteristics under two conditions were compared and analyzed, and the stability of the abandoned dreg site under different storage capacity was studied. The calculation results show that the slope sliding range of the abandoned dreg site under the overload storage capacity expands, the slip particles increase and the slip distance grows. The maximum sliding distance of the waste slag particles is 21.05m, the landslide failure time is 3.0 X 10⁶, the horizontal thrust formed by the waste slag behind the dam is 3.4 times of the design condition, and the stability of the abandoned dreg site slope decreases. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the landfill and stability analysis of abandoned dreg sites.

With the wide application of dynamic compaction, its impact on surrounding buildings has received more and more attention. This paper established a numerical model for dynamic compaction and compared its results with actual experimental data to verify the effectiveness of the model. And the numerical results showed that the vibration isolation trench had an efficient vibration isolation effect during the dynamic compaction process. The study also found that the vibration isolation effect is determined by the width and depth of the vibration isolation trench, and the depth was more sensitive to the final effect. Therefore, this study can provide a theoretical basis for the design of vibration isolation trenches.

VRU (Vulnerable Road Users) are important participants in road traffic. According to statistics, the proportion of traffic safety accidents related to VRU is the highest. In order to reduce traffic accidents, many vehicles are equipped with active safety and automatic emergency braking functions that can identify pedestrians, two-wheelers, etc. The NCAP (New Car Evaluation Regulations) of many countries around the world also introduces the AEB VRU test evaluation scenario. This article comprehensively analyzes the global mainstream NCAP test system, introduces each typical AEB VRU test scenario. And analyzed the VRU target's vision, infrared characteristics, radar detection attributes, and micro-Doppler effect, in addition, summarized the research status and deficiencies of VRU targets. Finally summarizes the development direction of the AEB VRU test scenario.

The diversion section at the exit of B-type trumpet ramp has always been an accident black spot in the road network. However, the length of deceleration lane in the diversion section, as an important indicator affecting traffic safety, has been lacking of reasonable research. In light of this, based on the theory of secondary reduction, this paper calculated deceleration lane length recommended value for circular ramp in B-type trumpet Interchange with the mainline design speed of 120 km/h. The driving speed of vehicles in shunt nose and the reaction time of drivers are considered in the model. The results show that when the design speed of the main line is 120km/h, the length of B-type trumpet exit deceleration lane is longer than the length in “Specification”. The design speed of the ramp is 30km/h, 35km/h and 40km/h, and the corresponding length is 5m, 15m and 25m longer than the specified length. The research results can provide a reference for road designers to determine the length of B-type trumpet Interchange exit deceleration lane.

Aiming at the low throughput of the traditional large-scale water conservancy project construction dynamic management system, a large-scale water conservancy project construction dynamic management system based on ArcGIS is designed. In terms of hardware, GIS Server and memory are designed. Collect the dynamic management data of large-scale water conservancy project construction, convert the collected data based on ArcGIS, erase the expired data, and publish it. In order to realize the dynamic management of large-scale water conservancy project construction and complete the system design. The experimental results show that the management throughput of the design management system is significantly higher than that of the control group, which can solve the problem of low throughput of the traditional large-scale water conservancy project construction dynamic management system.

The construction and cost calculation of water conservancy projects are related to the construction of national infrastructure, and it is also a systematic and comprehensive project scale. The cost of each stage of a water conservancy project will involve the cost of the entire project. However, in actual work, more attention is paid to the cost of the project in the construction phase, and there is no reasonable forecast of the cost of the project in the various tasks in the early stage of construction. This is also very unfavorable to the overall cost of water conservancy projects. A detailed analysis of the methods of reasonable forecasting of the project cost in the various work of the early stage of water conservancy project construction is carried out. The article mainly studies the methods of reasonably predicting the project cost in the early stage of water conservancy project construction, and puts forward reasonable ideas and opinions.

The backbone transmission network of power communication provides important support for service network and plays a decisive role in improving the quality of power communication service. Firstly, the paper analyzes the technical characteristics of the backbone transmission network of power communication, and gives the general operation and management framework; then, the big data characteristics of basic data in the operation and management process of power communication backbone transmission network are described, and the typical big data architecture is given; finally, combined with the general operation management framework of power communication and typical big data architecture, the operation management architecture of power communication backbone transmission network is designed. The research results have reference value for the application of big data and machine learning technology in the operation and management of power communication backbone transmission network.

In order to solve the imbalance of shared vehicle inventory and maximize the profit of shared vehicles, a dynamic scheduling model of shared vehicles based on time series is proposed in this paper. Taking the real data of a foreign region as an example, this paper first performs K-means clustering on the rental region, and then calculates the scheduling cost and time between different regions according to the distance between each region. Then a time series prediction model is established to predict the traffic flow in different regions and different periods. Finally, after comparing the predicted traffic in the pre-scheduling time period with the actual situation in the previous time period, the profit evaluation model is used to implement the scheduling instructions in the scheduling time period, and then scroll to the next time period to realize dynamic scheduling.

The dust is a problem that has plagued the tunnel construction for many years. In order to study the effect of water cannon mud dust reduction technology on the degradation of smoke and dust in long and large tunnel.we explored how the water cannon mud technology can be efficiently applied in tunnel dust reduction and reducing the dust and harmful gases which is damage to the constructors and influence on construction speed. Guided by the concentration of smoke and dust produced by blasting during the construction of the Xinglong tunnel exit, we researched the difference in dust reduction effect between ordinary and high-efficiency water cannon mud and the influence of different filling schemes of water cannon mud on the dust generation in the tunnel.The results showed that: (1) high-efficiency and ordinary water cannon mud have obvious effects on dust degradation, and high-efficiency water cannon mud has obvious effect on reducing harmful gases such as CO. (2) Different filling methods of water cannon mud have a certain impact on the dust reduction effect. Reasonable filling method can effectively improve the dust reduction effect. (3) The state of groundwater in the tunnel has a significant impact on dust degradation. With the increase of humidity in the tunnel, the dust concentration decreases after blasting, and the dust reduction efficiency of water cannon mud decreases.

This study conducts inquiries into the current status of the Busan Coastline Office and discusses the problems. The use of vertical landscapes for shading is a very effective way of natural shading. Plants can not only block direct sunlight, reduce indoor temperature, decrease sea breeze erosion, and protect buildings. The problems existing in the shoreline office building can be solved, and the environment can be beautified and the local climate can be enhanced. The purpose of this study is tantamount to hope that the architecture and nature coexist harmoniously, and the vertical landscape gives the architectural facade a sense of life. For the city, it can lead the surrounding popularity, create more space possibilities, and build the city landmark office building.

Due to the fluctuating travel demand in the suburban area operators are unable to provide high-quality feeder transit by the fixed-route transit. To solve this problem, the idea of using flex-route transit instead of fixed-route transit as feeder transit is presented to provide the higher travel convenience in suburban area. First, to ensure the service level, the rejection rate and the ratio of travel time to direct time are used to constrain the flex-route transit. Then, the average travel time of passengers is used to represent the service quality of public transportation, and the comparison model between two transits as feeder transit is established. Finally, community in Nanjing of Jiangsu Province is selected as a case study. The results show that, for Chunhua community, flex-route feeder transit can better serve residents' travel, as long as the expectation of service quality improvement is not too high, the travel demand is smaller than 30 passengers/h and the headway is smaller than 30 min.

In order to effectively ensure the reasonable control of construction costs in expressway construction enterprises and improve the economic benefits of enterprises, it is necessary to pay attention to the entire process of expressway construction cost control. In recent years, with the improvement of the quality of people’s infrastructure construction, higher requirements have been placed on the quality of highway construction. Under this background, construction companies have to pay attention to the application of the entire process cost control management concept to protect their own interests. Through an overview of the management concept of the whole-process engineering cost control of expressway projects and the necessity of implementing the whole-process cost control management of expressways, this article focuses on the analysis of the problems and solutions in the whole-process cost control of expressways, hoping to improve the project. The overall quality, guarantee the benefit of the company and provide assistance.

This study is to integrate the application of BIM used in different stages of project management. In the early design stage, BIM helps decision-making, costing budget, and information sharing, which benefit the following stages most. On the next construction stage, BIM has played an important role in assisting the project's construction process, avoiding construction risks, quality management, and components prefabrication and virtual assembly. When it comes to the later operation stage, BIM has numerous advantages: facility maintenance management, energy, and emergence management, change and relocation management, and safety management. However, there are still some limitations of BIM that are used in different stages of project management. The barriers of technical, personnel, and cost will have some adverse effects on BIM use. Therefore, BIM has played important role in the project management life cycle.

With the continuous development and revolution of the construction industry, Building Information Modeling technology has been gradually applied to the construction industry. This paper mainly simulates the construction through three-dimensional model, and then improves the safety and shortens the construction period, three-dimensional site layout, and then solve the equipment placement, material stacking, equipment access, living area layout and other two-dimensional drawings difficult to solve the problem. This article also discusses the problems in the practical application of Building Information Modeling technology, and provides a reference for promoting the application of Building Information Modeling technology in the field of building engineering.

The current full-scale development of information technology in construction projects has attracted the attention of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the Ministry of Science and Technology. my country’s 14th Five- Year Plan has clarified the general strategy for the development of construction engineering informatization, which is to fully integrate information technology into the traditional construction industry. To achieve the overall goal of informatization construction, the development of appropriate informatization application tools is a key step. For this reason, this article starts from the convenience of the most basic 3D model informatization tools. In this paper, the application of BIM 3D model in design collaboration and construction management is studied based on BIM model technology and programming software. According to the requirements of using BIM by all staff in the decoration project, the technical route of product research, product function description and application method are put forward, and a handy BIM model application tool is designed and developed. The effect is analyzed combined with project examples. The results show that the handy BIM tool developed in this paper can be widely applied in the whole process management of decoration project.

Unreasonable feeder bus schedules will cause long waiting times for passengers, high operating costs for operators, waste of social resources and other adverse consequences. In order to solve this problem, this paper takes the minimization of passenger travel cost and feeder bus operation cost as the objective, and considers the departure time constraint to establish the coordination optimization model of rail transit and feeder bus operation. At the same time, considering the characteristics of suburban passenger flow, genetic algorithm is used to solve the problem, and then it is further adjusted according to the situation of passenger flow. Finally, taking a feeder bus line in Fuzhou as an example, the departure schedules of feeder buses in different periods are obtained. The results of the case study show that the coordination optimization model is feasible, which has a certain reference value for realizing the coordination scheduling between rail transit and feeder bus.

The distribution of highway accidents presents a certain regularity. In order to study the influence of road alignment index on the accident, Using Interactive Highway Safety Design Model (IHSDM) to predict accidents on a two-way four-lane highway in Guangxi. The type and distribution of accidents are counted. Through comparative analysis with the actual accident situation, the accuracy of IHSDM accident prediction is defined. The research results show that the IHSDM model can identify dangerous road sections and is sensitive to the size and change of the radius of the horizontal curve. The establishment of the IHSDM model will help to optimize highway alignment and reduce the accident rate, and provide reference for road safety research.

In order to select the construction period of expressways with heavy traffic flow reasonably, this paper builds a mixed integer optimization model based on the in-depth analysis of various economic and social benefits and the constructional and organizational costs. Then the algorithm for the optimization model is studied and coded by Excel VBA. Finally, by the example of Ningbo-Taizhou-Wenzhou Expressway, the application method of the optimization model is demonstrated through concrete case analysis. The method proposed by this study can support the decision-making of the optimal allocation during the construction period of expressways with heavy traffic flow, and can effectively reduce the economic loss of expressway reconstruction or extension construction.

In bad weather such as rain and fog, the probability of traffic accidents on expressways increases significantly. If the limit speed is set too low, although the safety will be increased, traffic efficiency will be greatly reduced. At present, speed limit models in bad weather are mainly based on qualitative classification, but lack of quantitative calculation. Based on the theory of stopping-sight-distance model, hydroplaning model and rollover&sideslip model, this paper proposes a speed limit calculation model of expressway in rain and fog scene, taking rainfall intensity, visibility, road friction coefficient and water film thickness as quantitative input parameters, and divides the speed limit value into limit speed, recommended speed and safe speed, in order to improve traffic efficiency. Finally, based on the parameters of a highway section, a variable speed limit strategy is proposed in rain and fog scenes.

With the gradual migration of iron and steel companies from inland areas to coastal areas, our country’s steel layout of “heavier in the north and light in the south” is also changing. Therefore, this paper selects the Yangtze River Delta as the research area and analyzes the current status of imported iron ore in the Yangtze River Delta and the composition of water transportation costs. This paper constructs a model with the minimization of transportation cost as the objective function, so as to intelligently plan the waterway transportation of imported iron ore in the Yangtze River Delta. Based on the calculation results of the model and the rate of change of unit cost from the four major iron ore import source countries to the ports in the Yangtze River Delta, the results of smart planning are as follows: iron ore imported from India and South Africa can basically be transported directly; imported iron ore from Australia, only Taizhou Port needs transit transportation; importing iron ore from Brazil needs to choose Ningbo Zhoushan Port as a transit port. In addition, largetonnage ships should be used for the transportation of imported iron ore, which can reduce unit shipping costs; ports that require load reduction for transit transportation can use the direct river-to-sea method to reduce the higher costs of transit transportation.

With the increasingly important role of urban rail transit station in urban transportation, the station city integrated development model with it as the core has more successful practice, and its theoretical content is becoming richer and richer. Based on the design concept of station-city integration, this paper expounds the basic theory and connotation of station-city integration, studies and learns the advanced methods and successful practical experience in the design of urban comprehensive transportation hub at home and abroad, expounds the concept definition of comprehensive transportation hub, the traffic function it plays and the important role it plays in urban transportation in China, and studies and learns the advanced methods and successful experience in the design of urban comprehensive transportation hub at home and abroad. This paper summarizes the development process and current situation of urban rail transit in China, analyses the existing problems and their causes of urban comprehensive transport hub in China, explores the significance of the concept of station-city integration for urban development in China, and refers to and draws lessons from the excellent hub station cases planned and constructed by Japan under the guidance of the concept of station-city integration; conducts on-the-spot investigation and Research on various aspects of Xizhimen. In view of the characteristics of Xizhimen and its existing shortcomings, a comprehensive evaluation scheme is designed from the perspective of planning, design, management and control, which not only reflects the individual characteristics, but also realizes the integration of efficient transportation and comfortable use, thus helping the city to achieve sustainable development. Finally, this paper extends the concept of station-city integration into railway stations, high-speed railway stations, and other higher-level stations, and carries out more detailed design.

Mountain roads are affected by various factors such as topography, which limits the overall alignment of mountain roads and frequent traffic accidents. In order to study the accident factors of a secondary road in a mountainous area, three-year traffic accident data on a two-way two-lane secondary road in the mountainous area was analyzed. Using the binomial logistic model, the consequences of the accident are divided into serious accidents and general accidents as dependent variables, and time, weather, road conditions, alignment and month are used as independent variables for analysis. The results show that time, alignment and month have a significant impact on the severity of the consequences of a traffic accident. According to the results, the influence degree of each influencing factor is analyzed. According to the results, suggestions for mitigating the serious consequences of the accident were put forward from the aspects of strengthening safety facilities, improving safety awareness, and safety management.

With the rapid development of economy and society, transportation plays a pivotal role in the operation of cities. This article is mainly based on Ziyuan County as the research object, sorting out the current situation of the region, including the background situation of nature and traffic, and then proposes the two aspects of the freight and urban transportation system. Through the planning of the city’s transportation, the surrounding area Cities and urban groups are closely linked together, shortening the space-time distance between each other, and their traffic capacity and service quality, in order to change the current urban structure and land use patterns of the region. Finally, suggestions are made from the aspects of traffic organization and safety, traffic facility management, vehicle management, passenger and cargo operation management, parking fee management, traffic management system and legal system. The results of the study show that it can be carried out rationally from the level of traffic management, operation and system under the guidance of traffic strategy, and the strong support and assistance of intelligent traffic can greatly improve the current situation of regional traffic and improve the level of traffic development.

Traditional traffic assignment model suffers from its criteria which are travel time only, travel time and distance, travel time and reliability. All of these criteria influence route choice behavior. Multi-criteria user equilibrium model considering travel time, travel time reliability and travel distance was proposed. It was proved that the week multi-criteria user equilibrium model is a generalization of user equilibrium (UE) model and travel time budget (TTB) model. Multi-criteria and multi-class user equilibrium (MMUE) model was established to overcome the shortcoming of multi solution of multicriteria user equilibrium model. Quasi-method of successive average (QMSA) was designed to solve the MMUE model. An example was used to test the speed and accuracy of proposed algorithm. And the differences of MMUE, UE and TTB model were compared. Experiments had shown that the QMSA algorithm could be quickly convergent. It is more realistic to consider the different travel value for each traveler in MMUE model.

With the development of cities, the increasing traffic demand has put forward higher requirements for the supply capacity and the optimization level of the urban road network. Studies on the opening design of medium and large communities can be considered to improve the level of traffic supply and optimize the road network structure. In this paper, travel time is used as the criterion to measure the connectivity reliability of road sections. The efficiency coefficient method is used to combine the connectivity reliability index of road network with the ideal travel cost ratio index to establish the comprehensive optimization objective. In this paper, a bi-level programming model based on connectivity reliability is established, which uses the theory of user equilibrium assignment, to distribute traffic flow in the road network. The comprehensive optimization index is used as the upper objective function. The optimization of road network design scheme is realized through the analysis and calculation of an example. The calculation results show that the model is suitable for calculating the connectivity of the actual road network. The research results can provide a reference for the optimization and design of traffic network.

With the increase in computing power and the development of reinforcement learning, the efficiency of the transportation system have been improving. Data-driven reinforcement learning algorithms have strong self-learning capabilities and adaptability to complex transportation systems and play a key role in the development of intelligent transportation systems. This paper reviews the basic concept of reinforcement learning firstly, including the terminology and methods which are divided into three categories: value-based, policy-based, and actor-critic methods. Secondly, the application and development of reinforcement learning in traffic signal control are introduced in the single-point control and the joint control of the multi-agent system. Then, this paper describes the development in autonomous driving separately from path planning and driving behavior. In the end, this paper concludes the challenges and problems faced by reinforcement learning methods in intelligent transportation systems.

In response to the major strategic decision of the country to build a transportation power, Shenzhen adheres to digital resources to enable transportation development, and promotes the use of intelligent management and maintenance system in expressway management and maintenance. This paper studies the key technologies such as hardware integration technology of intelligent patrol inspection, UAV patrol inspection and AI intelligent image recognition technology. Shenzhen Expressway intelligent management and maintenance system provides a solution for the intellectualization and modernization of expressway management system and management ability, and provides a demonstration for Shenzhen Expressway intelligent management and maintenance.

With the continuous development of sensor technology and the increasing requirements of consumers for automobile functions, the blind zone monitoring system is almost standard for middle and high-end models in the market at present. In this paper, a testing method of vehicle-to-vehicle blind spot monitoring system is proposed by using automatic driving robot, inertial navigation combined system and data acquisition device based on the actual road conditions in China. After the actual vehicle test, the test method can accurately read the alarm time and relative distance parameters of the blind spot monitoring system, which verifies the validity and feasibility of the test method, and has reference significance for the automotive inspection industry.

Aiming at the problem of residents' need to travel during the epidemic, this paper designs a risk assessment method based on the spatial interaction of space-time objects in the epidemic-related area, and evaluates the epidemic risk in the associated area based on an improved gravity model and a one-dimensional steady-state water quality migration model. Based on the Floyd algorithm and according to the residents' choice preferences, an optimal path solution model that simultaneously considers the epidemic risk factor and travel distance is established and the algorithm is verified. An actual road network in Shenyang City was used for example verification, and the difference between the path guidance during the regular period and the epidemic period was compared. The results show that the improved Floyd algorithm can effectively avoid epidemic-related areas. As residents increase their preference for risk avoidance, the length of the guide path will gradually increase, but the risk of infection will gradually decrease.

In order to evaluate the safety of expressway, based on the theory of unascertained measurement, a safety evaluation model of expressway is established. First, eight indicators are selected from four aspects: weather and climate, traffic facilities, traffic conditions, and road subjects to establish the evaluation system and standards; then the unascertained measurement function of each indicator is established based on the data; then the weight is determined by the information entropy method, Using the confidence recognition criterion to determine the level, the safety evaluation result of the expressway is finally obtained. Comparing the research results with the results obtained by the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, the results show that the unascertained measurement theory method can scientifically and accurately evaluate the safety of expressways, is scientific and reasonable, and has strong practicability, and can be popularized and applied in actual projects.

In two-phase intersections, there is serious conflict between straight-going vehicles and left-turning vehicles. It is particularly important to set up a dedicated left-turn lane reasonably. In order to provide the conditions for setting the dedicated left-turn lane, this article is based on the theory of dispersible gaps to determine the arrival rate and turn left. The vehicle ratio is a variable, and the delay of the two-phase left turn is obtained. Respectively established the rotation organization mode in the case of Erlang distribution arrival. And take the geometric design and signal control of a certain intersection in Xi'an as an example for delay analysis. The calculation results show that: the total delay increases with the increase in the arrival rate and the proportion of left-turning vehicles; the straight-left shared lane is suitable for smaller traffic demand, and the left-turn dedicated lane is suitable for larger traffic demand. When the arrival rate is not greater than 0.12pcu/s or arrival rate is 0.12~0.24pcu/s and the ratio of left-turning vehicles is not greater than 0.2, it is recommended to set up a straight-left shared lane; or the arrival rate is 0.24~0.37pcu/s and the ratio of left-turning vehicles does not exceed 0.1, it is recommended to set up a straight-left shared lane too. When the arrival rate is When it is 0.12~0.24 and the ratio of left-turning vehicles is greater than 0.2 or the arrival rate is greater than 0.37pcu/s, it is recommended to set up a dedicated left-turn lane.

As the data about transportation of dangerous cargos on Yangtze River are incomplete, we constructed incomplete datasets for three types of data in the dangerous cargo transportation data on Yangtze River, i.e., the data of the number of ships registered for dangerous cargo transportation, the dangerous cargo carrying capacity, the dangerous cargo container carrying capacity, with a missing-data rate of 10% under the multi-variable missing-at-random mechanism. Then, we employed different interpolation methods to interpolate the missing data in the incomplete constructed datasets, comparing the performance of different interpolation methods by such indicators as the mean absolute error and the mean squared error. The research results revealed that the multiple interpolation (MI) method performed better than the expectation maximization interpolation (EM) and mean-value interpolation methods. The dataset obtained by multiple interpolation could well reflect the distribution pattern of the original data and the correlations between different types of data, which would be conducive to deep mining of data and optimization of the interpolation effect, providing a statistical basis for safety administration of dangerous cargo transportation on Yangtze River, facilitate design of precautionary measures against accidents and disasters, and improving the safety of waterborne transportation.

As a necessary managemen means of smart transportation, road traffic markings can play an important role in guiding traffic flow and clarifying road rights. How to use various markings correctly and reasonably to ensure smooth traffic flow and driving safety is an urgent problem that needs to be solved at present. As an effective method to strengthen the driving order, fish-belly traffic marking can guide the traffic flow driving intelligent and reduce traffic accident by improving the traffic operation status of the intersection. This paper analyse the function of the fish-belly traffic marking, and research how to reasonably set this smart traffic marking, then we give a specific size to realize the smart transportation fuction.

The road transportation system is an important part of lifeline engineering and plays a vital role in supporting and guaranteeing the post-earthquake rescue and disaster reconstruction process. Mountainous cities in southwest China are earthquake-prone areas. The earthquake-induced fault misalignment, landslide and collapse cause severe damage to the transportation system, so the emergency preparedness of the transportation system is the top priority for earthquake defense. This paper constructs a disaster scenario model of road traffic networks in mountainous cities through seismic damage assessment and landslide hazard assessment of road traffic infrastructure to provide a reference basis for emergency capability assessment and emergency defense planning.

The optimization of distribution route is the most important link of urban logistics terminal distribution whose efficiency will directly affect customer satisfaction as well as cost. This paper described the problem of optimization of terminal distribution route, and then built an optimization model. In the end, the problem was solved by the saving algorithm. Taking the distribution service of a household electrical appliance center as an example, we evaluated the two aspects of the service, which were the mileage and the loading rate. And then we made a comparative analysis on the data before and after the optimization plan was used. The results show that the total mileage when the optimized distribution was used reduced by 24.92% while the loading rate of distribution vehicles increased by 61.1%.

Using the typical section of semi-filled and semi-cut subgrade in the mountainous area of Guizhou, based on the GEOSEEP/ W program analysis of subgrade drainage problems, the seepage field changes under 48 hours of rainfall are simulated, and the seepage field and the subgrade in the subgrade are analyzed according to the rainfall time. Changes in pore pressure. Through the comparison of plastic blind ditch materials and crushed stone blind ditch materials. The simulation result shows that the water flow rate in the gravel blind ditch gradually decreases 6 hours after the beginning of the rain, but the water flow rate in the plastic blind ditch reaches the peak, and the water flow rate is much higher than the former, highlighting the superiority of the plastic blind ditch. It is of great significance for the plastic blind ditch material to effectively improve the drainage problem of the roadbed.

A reasonable layout of functional zones is the key to improve the connection of sea-rail intermodal transportation, boost the efficiency of collection and distribution, and reduce the costs. This paper focuses on the functional zones. Firstly, an initial improved layout is obtained through the improved Systematic Layout Planning Method (SLP). Then, a layout optimization model is proposed with the goals of minimizing the cost of collection and distribution in the container port and maximizing the overall comprehensive correlation strength between the functional zones. Finally, a genetic algorithm is designed to solve the model and derive the optimal functional zones layout. Through comparing original and optimized layout, the optimization goal definitely achieves. The transport cost nearly reduces by 5.74% and the objective function value reduces by 0.26.

The influencing factors of the severity of highway traffic accidents are complex, and there is currently a lack of evaluation standards for all influencing factors, and there is a lack of comparative analysis among various factors. In order to study the causes of the severity of the consequences of highway accidents, this paper analyzes the traffic accident data of some sections of a highway, and uses the logistics method to divide the accident severity into two categories: general accidents and serious accidents, selecting weather, time, month and holidays as an independent variable. It is concluded that severe weather and holidays have a significant impact on the consequences of the accident, while the time factor and month factor have no significant impact. Based on professional knowledge, I put forward safety recommendations from traffic management and operation, traffic safety facility installation and traffic safety awareness.

The bus transfer station is an important part of the public transport system. The establishment of an effective transfer node evaluation system can diagnose the problems existing in the transfer system, and then provide a reference for the optimization of transfer system. Through the analysis of the bus transfer system, and the independent threshold method is used to identify the transfer behavior of passengers and build a complete transfer travel chain. A comprehensive evaluation model of urban bus transfer performance based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is established. Based on the largescale intelligent bus data, and the proposed method is applied in practice. The results show that the high efficiency transfer node can be used as a reference for the optimization and improvement of the low efficiency transfer node, and the slack of the input and output variables can determine the improvement degree of a single indicator of the low efficiency transfer node.

Studying the dynamic reliability of urban public transport travel can accurately describe the dynamics, randomness, temporal and spatial characteristics, and supply demand relationship of the public transport network, which has important practical significance for improving the planning and management of the public transport system and guiding passengers to travel. Although the research on reliability started earlier, there is no unified standard in reliability calculation. In addition, the study of travel time reliability generally assumes normal distribution, which reduces the computational accuracy and model applicability of travel time reliability. Therefore, this paper first proposes a set of methods to extract OD travel time in the APTS data environment, and then selects five distribution models with different forms to carry out probability distribution fitting of travel time. Finally, based on the dynamic reliability analysis of OD pair, a set of reliability analysis indexes is proposed to analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of OD travel time.

Accompanied by the pilot project of regional port integration in Jiangsu and Guangxi in 2015, China began to build combined ports. However, we cannot simply imitate overseas pattern since both domestic and international combination ports have similarities and differences. At present, in the development period, we are now facing certain deficiencies, such as unclear management system, poor management model, insufficient utilization of resource assets and the need for innovation in operation management. In order to solve the shortcomings and achieve high-quality development of China combination ports, it is necessary to enhance the rights and interests of port resource assets, not simply replace port alliance with port enterprise combination, accelerate the construction and functional reform of port management institutions, and innovate the development mode of combination ports.

In order to further optimize the traffic organization designing process and methods during the road-occupying construction of expressways with heavy traffic flow, based on the in-depth analysis of the basic traffic operation conditions of expressways with heavy traffic flow, this paper put forward the general principles of traffic organization during the road-occupying construction. The general process of the design work and the specific methods of each stage are defined. Finally, by taking the Ningbo-Taizhou-Wenzhou Expressway as an example, a specific case was analyzed. The research results of this paper can provide reference for the research and formulation of traffic organization schemes during the road-occupying construction of expressways with heavy traffic flow.

Energy consumption model of urban rail transit is a complex nonlinear system, both the modeling study was not fully considering the problem of low precision and energy consumption model, according to the above problem, this paper proposed to improve the traditional dynamic model of the improved model compared with the traditional model is more accurate, more in line with the actual operation of train. On this basis, this paper explores the influence of distance between stations and running time on running energy consumption, and obtains the influence factor model through the MATLAB simulation platform. Finally, a simulation study was conducted on a section of Nanning Metro Line 1 as an example to verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the optimization model. The results show that the improved energy consumption model is 2.12% more accurate than the traditional model.

Urban road traffic key nodes have a great influence on the urban road traffic, traffic state key nodes will also affect the adjacent nodes, thus a greater influence on road network, the information entropy can characterize degree of chaos system, this article through to acquisition of various lane traffic tunnel section, the information entropy to calculate the key nodes, Then, node information entropy is used to represent the degree of traffic congestion in urban tunnel sections. Finally, statistical analysis is conducted to find the change law of information entropy at the intersection entry point and the entrance information entropy at the tunnel exit.

This article is based on the research of the reduction model technology of new materials (including but not limited to fiberreinforced composite materials) based on similar theories, reconstructing the modular variable car body structure, car interior design, comprehensive weight reduction of the new running system structure, and performance expansion. Prospective feasible technology. Through structure and material optimization of overall performance and reduction of comprehensive manufacturing costs, the overall weight of the train is realized. This article includes the establishment of the train development system process for composite material structure design, analysis and optimization, and mechanical performance testing and characterization.

Reasonable organization and optimization of intersection safety operation is the key to solving the problem of urban traffic congestion and improving urban traffic safety. Firstly, by summarizing a variety of optimization measures and methods of intersections, this paper put forward the optimization idea of adding "safety" elements. Secondly, taking the intersection of Tianhua South Road and Liuzhou East Road in Nanjing as an example, based on the actual traffic survey data, two optimization schemes were designed by using this method. Finally, through the VISSIM traffic simulation software, the optimization scheme was simulated, analyzed, evaluated and compared, the applicability of the scheme was verified, and the best optimization scheme was selected, which has effectively improved the traffic problems of the intersection of South Tianhua road and East Liuzhou Road.

A small group release organization facility for pedestrians at the crosswalk is designed to reduce the delay of vehicles on the basis of civilized driving. The purpose of the design is to address the increased delays caused by the nonconcentration of pedestrians crossing the street under the pedestrian first policy. This paper analyzes the avoidance characteristics and conflict areas when pedestrians cross the street loosely and centrally, and designs pedestrian standing area and small clusters release rules. Pedestrian standing area is designed to restrict the number of pedestrians crossing the street for a single time, so as to form a certain range of gathering before crossing the street; set release rules, so that pedestrians start to cross the street at the same time, prevent excessive looseness when pedestrian cross the street, and reduce the area of conflict between people and vehicles.

Based on the development status of highway traffic measurement, this paper analyzes the technical characteristics of highway engineering test detection equipment according to traffic engineering, road engineering, bridge and tunnel engineering and road transportation, analyzes the current situation and development demand of highway traffic measurement standardization, and establishes the principle, system framework and detailed list of highway traffic measurement standard system And so on. At the same time, the optimization measures of system architecture are put forward. To provide necessary management scheme support for highway engineering measurement work, this study provides suggestions for improving the measurement system of transportation industry.

In order to alleviate traffic congestion and increase bus passenger flows, combined public transportation lines is an effective means. There are empirical studies on the public transportation backbone network of subway as the main body in many cities at home and abroad, but there are relatively few studies with BRT as the main body, especially the research on combined rapid transit lines and multi-line interchange hub stations is still in its infancy. This work mainly studies the combined BRT lines network and transfer stations. First, the macro-design of the line layout and transfer process of the BRT combined line website points, provides a variety of transfers wiring schemes, and secondly uses the process algorithm of the average number of transfers. As an evaluation plan for the accessibility of the combined network, it proves that the BRT network has better to transfer efficiency after the combination, and guarantees the theoretical feasibility. Finally, according to the multi-line transfer station in the network, the H-shaped, slanted-shaped and cross-shaped are proposed. This work is intended to provide urban planners with some ideas and guidance in future BRT road network planning and design, so as to improve the operational quality of relatively separate, low-passenger BRT lines under the current urban public transport network.

With the rapid economic growth in China in recent years, more attention has been paid to the construction of urban transportation. This paper studies the relationship between traffic accessibility and economic connection strength by constructing a time and space distance model, a spatial syntax model and an economic connection strength model and the Guanzhong urban agglomeration is taken as an example for verification. The research results show that:①The accessibility of the Guanzhong urban agglomeration presents a “core-peripheral” spatial pattern, with the core area of Xi’an-Xianyang being the best, followed by Tongchuan and Weinan. The distant Tianshui City, Pingliang City, and Linfen City performed the weakest; ②The spatial syntax model studies the relationship between the road network of the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration, and the integration of different types of road networks reflects the neutral "Xi'an-Xianyang" core circle, which constitutes Integrated core within the city cluster. ③The spatial autocorrelation value of the degree of transportation network connection and the degree of economic connection reaches 0.840, and the level of economic development greatly promotes the construction of urban agglomeration transportation systems.

Land and island transportation is closely related to residents' life and economic development, so it is very important to ensure its safety. Once a safety accident occurs, it may cause a large number of personnel and property losses. Moreover, due to the limitations of the existing ships, ports, manpower resources and backward management, the transportation between land and island is obviously affected by the weather, which hinders its development. How to better supervise and manage land and island transportation safety, and to maintain the stability of the security situation has become a top priority. In this work, the status quo and relevant risk factors of land and island transportation in China are sorted and integrated on the basis of drawing lessons from some domestic and foreign legislation and experience. In reference to the land and island transport related laws and regulations, based on our mode and the current management situation, we clarify the main security risk categories, and make island transportation security risk prevention and control technology research, to find out the control measures and technology application for main risk prevention and improve safety management level. It is recommended to use mathematical modeling methods to quantitatively characterize the safety risks of land-island transportation. Then, on the basis of quantitative characterization, measures can be taken to improve the weak links to improve overall safety.

China 's automatic driving main-routes logistics industry is ushering in a new window of development. Enterprises in different fields are closely cooperating in a comprehensive layout, which makes industry ecology is constantly enriched. However, the development problems such as bottleneck of L4 autonomous driving technology, imperfect development system and imperfect laws and regulations are gradually emerging. The application background, application status and development trend of automatic driving main-routes logistics systematically were sorted out in this paper. From the aspects of automatic driving technology, market development system, industry policies and regulations, targeted suggestions for the problems exposed in the development of the industry were proposed. In the future, L3 trucks will continue to promote algorithm iterations. The government and all parties in the industry will improve standards, regulations and supply systems. At the same time, under continuous pressure from foreign brands, automatic driving main-routes logistics in China will continue to develop.

Traffic flow prediction is an essential foundation of intelligent traffic management, and its accuracy and timeliness are essential indicators for effective traffic diversion and alleviation of traffic congestion. Aiming at the nonlinear relationship affecting traffic flow forecasting effect, a noise-immune extreme learning machine is proposed for shortterm traffic flow forecasting, which takes advantage of the gravitational search algorithm to search for an optimal global solution and used an extreme learning machine to forecast traffic flow. Extreme Learning Machine algorithm has high learning efficiency and strong generalization ability, which is widely used in regression, classification, and feature learning problems. However, due to the random setting of the input weights and the parameters of the bias matrix, the accuracy is not high, and the generalization ability is not strong. Therefore, the gravitational search algorithm is used to optimize the input weights and bias matrix to improve the accuracy of the prediction model. Based on the experimental data of Amsterdam Ring Road, the mean square error and mean absolute percentage error of the optimized model is reduced, which proves the effectiveness of the optimization. The noise-immune extreme learning machine model demonstrated superior performance and high prediction accuracy and can be well used in short-term traffic flow prediction.

Information security risk assessment is the starting point and foothold of information security management. The construction of transportation informatization has achieved remarkable results, but the development of industry information security risk assessment is relatively backward, and the security level needs to be improved. While summarizing the typical information security risk assessment methods, this paper summarizes the existing advanced risk assessment methods at home and abroad, compares and analyzes the applicability of various methods in solving common problems in the process of industry information system risk assessment. The analysis results of this paper show that the information security risk assessment methods fused with multi-intelligent algorithms have better assessment effects, and provides a good reference for the choice of information security risk assessment methods in the transportation industry.

Two-wheelers are widely used transportation tools in daily life, it also caused serious safety issues in providing convenience. To improve the road safety, in the China New Car Assessment Programme Management Regulation (CNCAP 2021 Edition), the test and evaluation of the autonomous emergency braking two-wheeler scenario is added based on the research of traffic accident data. This paper introduced the research methods and summarizes the three typical test scenario: car-to-cicyclist nearside adult test scenario, car-to-scooter farside adult test scenario, car-to-bicyclist longitudinal adult test scenario, and made an outlook for the future test scenarios.

In recent years, the importance of urban public transport has gradually increased and public transport has been widely accepted as a low-cost way of travel. Due to the shortcomings of early planning, many bus stops near intersections can now be seen and are accompanied by A large number of left-turn buses. In such cases, the bus will be interwoven with the straight traffic and resulting in low traffic efficiency. In response to the above traffic problems, the establishment of a left-turn bus lane on the right has become a way to relieve traffic pressure. This article provides some insights on the establishment of a left-turn bus and a right-hand bus. Through traffic investigation, data processing and simulation, this paper analyzes the intersections with left-turn bus lines, discusses the process required by left-turn buses when changing lanes. Then analyze the problems of the target intersection, propose alternatives for the left-turn lanes of the buses, and explain the practical scenarios of the schemes and compare the optimization degree of different schemes at the intersections. Finally, choose the most suitable plan for the target intersection. This study found that when the traffic volume of right turning vehicles is low, the left-turning lanes of buses can be set up on the second outer side. When the original intersection has right-turn signal control and the flow of right-turning vehicles is not large, the left-turn lane of the bus can be set up on the far right. When the number of lanes is limited, the left-turn lane and the right-turn lane of the bus can be combined.

The automated guided vehicle (AGV) is an automated container terminal horizontal transportation tool. The vehicle monitors the position information in real time through its own sensors and transmits it to the central control sy stem, and carries out container transportation according to the pre-planned route and set stopping point. This paper conducts research on this transportation system. First, the shortest path optimization problem is transformed into a linear programming model aiming at the shortest time. Matlab is used to solve the problem to determine the reasonable number of AGVs and transportation routes for a specific size port. The results show that, among the set node tasks, the transportation efficiency is the highest when five AGVs work in the system simultaneously. Secondly, the braking process is analyzed and different alarm strategies of different risk levels are formulated to implement braking measures to achieve safe obstacle avoidance.

Highway construction occupies a pivotal role in the development of the national economy, and the construction of many new lines and the transformation of existing lines will bring about a series of environmental issues. According to national development requirements, while ensuring economic development, environmental protection must be done well, the road construction must start from the design and selection of the route, and the environmental protection and the road construction must be combined. Rough construction should not be the focus but should be combined with the actual situation of the line construction to achieve harmonious development with the environment; the requirements for highway construction have also been raised to the point that highway construction must be coordinated with the environment, and economic and environmental benefits must be considered.

In order to more accurately predict the carbon emissions of urban transportation in my country, this paper proposes a method for predicting the reduction rate of urban transportation carbon emissions based on gray correlation analysis. Based on the principle of grey relational analysis, the influencing factors of China's carbon emissions were screened. On this basis, this paper constructed the prediction model of urban traffic carbon emission reduction rate, established the evaluation index data column, determined the reference index set, and standardized the data column. Experiments show that the root mean square error of the method in this paper is less than that of the comparison method, and the average absolute percentage error is better than that of the LSSVR and ELM methods.

The traditional gray prediction theory requires less sample size and simple modeling, but it ignores new information that is more beneficial to prediction, and it is easy to cause the phenomenon of aging of the prediction model, and the prediction accuracy is not high. Therefore, a more scientific and reasonable GM (1,1) gray prediction model based on metabolism is proposed for the problem of urban electricity forecasting. This method avoids the limitations of local information modeling, and the metabolic processing of removing the oldest data of the original sequence of each prediction result ensures the effectiveness of the prediction sequence. The application of model prediction with Jurong city electricity data and the programming calculation of improved GM(1,1) model with Mtalab verify the practicability.

Ports are critical gateways to China’s foreign trade. Once attacked by terrorists, it will cause significant harm to the public security of the port area, the region, and even the national interest and people’s livelihood. Through the study of the existing intelligent security technology, this article designed the layout scheme of the port intelligent security system, and constructed the 3D prevention and control network of port intelligent security to initially establish the intelligent security system in a bid to realize the intelligent management of personnel, vehicles, buildings and structures. In this sense, the security work has changed from post-verification to active prevention, not only improving the ports’ management ability to deal with social security emergencies, but also maintaining its normal production order.

With the rapid development of technology and the strong support of the government, the development of electric vehicles is getting faster and faster. One of the most important factors affecting the development of electric vehicles is the construction of charging stations. In order to solve the problem of electric vehicle charging station construction, a comprehensive model of electric vehicle charging station location is proposed. In the model, the influence of the distance from the charging user to the charging station and the traffic volume of the road network on the selection of the user's charging station is fully considered. The immune algorithm is introduced into the charging station location planning problem, and the antibody fitness and antibody concentration are fully considered when solving. In order to avoid the elimination of high fitness individuals, an improved adaptive immune algorithm is proposed. The algorithm dynamically adjusts the crossover probability and the concentration according to the fitness. The probability of mutation is to achieve the purpose of searching for the optimal solution of the problem as soon as possible. Taking the real data of 48 junction nodes in a certain area as an example, the optimal location and number of charging stations are found. Finally, through a comparative analysis of different algorithms, it is verified that the improved adaptive immune algorithm has faster convergence speed and better fitness value in solving the location of electric vehicle charging stations.

With the rapid development of intelligent vehicle industry, the application of network technology and communication technology has gradually spread to all levels of vehicles. While bringing innovative functions and experience, it also infuses a new security risk - cyber security risk. This paper analyzes and evaluates the cyber security threat and risk for vehicle gateway which is a key component of automotive, and puts forward a method of risk grading, analyzes the security state of gateway, and evaluates the security risk level of gateway based on the common characteristics. Using this method, the integrity and rationality of risk analysis of intelligent networked vehicles can be effectively improved. Combined with quantitative data analysis, the risk status can be expressed and the risk level of the analysis object can be effectively displayed.

In order to solve the problem of over temperature of internal electrical components in a certain type of locomotive battery charger, CFD simulation analysis method is used to analyze the internal flow field and temperature field of the charger. By changing the internal air duct structure of the charger and optimizing the design and process of the module radiator, a scheme to improve the thermal management of the charger is proposed. Compared with the experimental results, the error is controlled within 5%. The temperature of electrical parts reaches the design goal.

The conductive road materials are of great help for the development of intelligent road system. The graphite with different volume contents (0%, 15%, 25%, 35%, 45%) was used to prepare conductive asphalt mixture. In order to enhance the electrical conductivity of graphite modified asphalt mixture, the metal electrode was imbedded into the graphite modified asphalt mixture. The influence of graphite content and electrode on electrical conductivity of graphite modified asphalt mixture was evaluated through electrical resistance sensor (Keithley 6510 data acquisition system). Results show that the electrical conductivity of the graphite modified asphalt mixture increases when the content of graphite rises. The addition of electrodes can effectively increase the electrical conductivity of graphite modified asphalt mixtures within proper content of graphite.

In recent years due to the mechanical performance of the single column pier of the bridge the lack of adequate understanding, single column pier bridge lateral overturning safety accident frequency, based on the in-depth analysis of single column pier bridge transverse overturning failure mechanism on the basis of, combined with a project example, through calculation and analysis, evaluation of the structure of the resistive overturning security, it is concluded that safety evaluation should strictly control the counteracting force and Angle of beam body.

The green ecological evaluation of municipal roads has the characteristics of multi-attribute, multi-level, and difficult to quantify. Traditional evaluation methods often ignore ambiguity and randomness, and the evaluation results are subjective and one-sided. A new method is needed to break through the limitations of traditional evaluation methods. This paper constructs an index system from five aspects: ecological environment protection, quality improvement, safety and efficiency, green and low-carbon, and information intelligence, and comprehensively uses AHP-entropy weight combination method, matter element analysis theory and cloud model to establish an extensible cloud model. The model can analyze and evaluate green and ecological roads and realize visual cloud image analysis. Finally, Guangyang Avenue in Chongqing is taken as an example, the results verify the scientificity of the extension cloud model, which can provide a certain scientific reference for the evaluation of green and ecological municipal road projects.

With the intensification of global warming, low-carbon city construction has become an inevitable trend to curb climate change and seek sustainable development. As an important low-carbon indicator, urban carbon balance has become a research hotspot of the urban ecosystems. This paper has taken Tianjin as an example, quantified the changing trend of urban carbon balance from 2002 to 2030 through the simulation of system dynamics model, and made simulation prediction for four different development scenarios. The research results showed that Tianjin's carbon balance is in a state of significant deficit growth by 2030, the growth rate of carbon emissions will be about 8.5-10.1%, and there is no significant change in carbon sinks, which can offset about 2.3%~6.4% of carbon emission. Compared with the other three scenarios, the scenario Ⅳ has the stable carbon balance and better comprehensive development benefits. The indicators and results of this model can provide a reference for the sustainable development and low-carbon planning of Tianjin.

China now is actively promoting the construction of national water network and smart water conservancy projects. Top priority will be given to the smart construction of water network that meets these two requirements in the future national water governance. Starting from the fundamental theory, this paper explores the basic concepts of smart water networks, discusses the overall goals of smart water network development and their implementation in place, and designs and proposes the overall architecture and main contents of smart water network construction. The research is expected to provide a basis for smart construction of national, provincial, and municipal water networks as well as water networks in river basins.

A water management system, combining total amount control and quota management, is implemented in China through systems such as water withdrawal management, the most stringent water resources management, and water conservation evaluation. However, in accordance with the dual attribute requirements of support and rigid constraints of water resources in the new development stage, the total quantity control system has the problem of multiple subjects taking water, and the quota management system is too micro and insufficient for covering the products of water users in the actual implementation process of the current water resources management system. Therefore, a multi-layer water management and control index system, integrating the macro layer (county layer), the meso layer (water user layer) and the micro layer (product layer), is established by taking the county as a unit in this study. Dual control indicators are used as macro-layer, water consumption indicators are used as meso-layer, and quota indicators are used as micro-layer control indicators. Then, the methods and models for determining water consumption indicators are proposed. And taking the water users as the control object, the water consumption standard is used as the basis for the comprehensive implementation of the dual control action and the rigid constraint system of water resources. Further, multi-layer water management and control index system is applied in Yongkang City.

The high-density resistivity method is an array exploration method, which is based on the difference of the electrical conductivity of rock, soil and water to study the distribution of conduction current in the ground under the action of artificially applied stable current field. Based on the high-density resistivity method, it is used in hidden trouble exploration of embankments and dams, combining the relevant geological conditions and structural characteristics of the dam body, the distribution range, the defect feature and the compactness of the dam body are found out. The high-density resistivity method would provide the reference for the treatment of the sewage dam seepage and safety evaluation.

Using BIM technology, the parameter modeling of the prefabricated building of new rural residential houses was carried out. Through DeST software algorithm, the difference of key energy consumption index between AAC energy-saving materials and the brick-concrete structure used in traditional rural residential houses was compared. Compared with the traditional brick-concrete buildings, the new rural residential buildings using AAC components have obvious advantages in terms of cooling and heating load index of equipment system and room cooling and heating load. From the aspect of building energy consumption, the data verified the excellent performance of AAC materials in building energy conservation, and the possibility and importance of applying AAC materials in the new rural residential buildings under the background of rural revitalization, which played a positive role in promoting the practice and exploration of new residential green buildings in the process of rural revitalization.

In recent years, in order to improve the leakage or fault detection ability and technical management level of the water supply industry and realize the optimal allocation of water resources, major water departments at home and abroad are vigorously developing intelligent water conservancy. Based on the core research content of pipe burst location of complex water supply network based on hydraulic transient, the SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) system of pipe network fault hydraulic detection experimental platform is developed to realize computer automatic control, real-time monitoring and acquisition of water level, flow, pressure and valve excitation action. Among them, the new controllable low-intensity transient flow exciter can replace the traditional valve, can produce the similar effect of valve closing to excite transient water hammer wave, and overcome the shortcomings of excessive water hammer pressure fluctuation and difficult control caused by valve closing at the end of the traditional pipeline test platform. The experimental platform expands the idea of fault control simulation and detection in pipe network laboratory, and effectively improves the efficiency of intelligent water resources.

Guardrails are important safety facilities on expressways and are of great significance to roadside safety. With the continuous development of road construction, the design specifications of guardrails are also constantly improved, but the new code does not mention the handling of existing road guardrails. In order to solve such problems, the old guardrail must be modified accordingly in accordance with the new regulations. In order to determine the optimal plan for guardrail construction, this paper establishes a guardrail safety anti-collision evaluation model: the entropy weight method is used to determine the weight of each safety index of the guardrail, and then TOPISIS is used to obtain the close value of the plan, and the safety evaluation grade of the guardrail plan is obtained. Finally, it takes the simulation data of the three guardrail transformation schemes jointly simulated by HYPERMESH and LS-DYNA as an example, carry out the guardrail safety simulation calculation, and evaluate and analyze the three guardrail transformation schemes: Scheme one has the highest protection ability, but the cost is higher. The second option has lower protection capabilities, but the cost is lower. So as to provide scientific and accurate data basis for the optimal design of guardrail.

In recent years, the rapid economic development and population growth of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region has led to a shortage of water resources provided by the natural water cycle. Quantitative expression of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei water cycle model is essential for achieving coordinated regional development and solving the problem of water shortages. This study employed a combination of statistical analysis and GIS technology to calculate water demand, virtual water content, blue and green water supply, and water resource demand gap in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, using data from the Water Resources Bulletin and the China Statistical Yearbook. The water resources structure of the Beijing–Tianjin– Hebei region from both "supply" and "demand" aspects has also been systematically investigated. Water demand was divided into two parts, "real" and "imaginary" components, and discussed as part of the dual water cycle model. The results of this research can provide a theoretical basis for the realization of scientific social water use and ecological environmental water use in the region, as well as the rational development and utilization of water resources.

This paper provides an in-depth analysis and study of the key technologies of water networking and intelligent water conservancy construction. Intelligent water conservancy is a change in the way all parties communicate and exchange under the conditions of the development of information technology, which to a certain extent improves the water conservancy industry. The efficiency of the work, to promote the accuracy of the information conveyed, in an era of rapid development to maintain an efficient pace of development. Intelligent water conservancy, as the name implies, has the wisdom to promote water construction based on technological innovation in water conservancy. The article investigates and analyses the impact of the application of key technologies in water conservancy by investigating and analysing the problems faced by the relevant water conservancy technologies at this stage of development. The article discusses the overall architecture of the smart water system being developed and designed by focusing on two aspects of the smart water system design and its key technologies under the general topic of smart water. and the corresponding functions were developed and implemented in practice.

The distributed rooftop photovoltaic power generation system is an important system of solar energy utilization in China. In the present paper, the performance of distributed rooftop photovoltaic power generation system is analyzed. The results showed that the data of Meteonorm, Solargis and NASA is effective in China. And the Meteonorm data source is preferable. The effect of actual installation inclination angle on the system power generation can be ignored when the angle is less than 20°.

In view of the lack of operation and maintenance management platform for transmission line slopes, according to the major slope management of transmission lines in Guizhou Province, the operation and maintenance management platform for major slopes of Guizhou high voltage transmission lines is built, and the monitoring data of major slopes of high voltage transmission lines are collected and analyzed by using the monitoring system of major slopes of high voltage transmission lines. The platform mainly includes user management, multi-project comprehensive management, slope information management, operation and maintenance information management, real-time monitoring, alarm service, auxiliary decision-making module, to achieve slope data inquiry, display, management and early warning and other functions, to facilitate a comprehensive and accurate grasp of the slope state.

In order to avoid the influence of environmental factors on the accuracy of abnormal monitoring of transmission tower (TT) and improve the applicability of health monitoring of TT, the health monitoring method of TT based on association rule algorithm is studied. The sensors of temperature, wind speed, wind direction and wind deflection angle are selected as the health monitoring nodes of TTs. The fusion values of abnormal monitoring points of TTs are obtained by batch estimation algorithm. The fused data of TTs are used as the candidate item set of association rule algorithm. According to the minimum support and confidence, the candidate item set of abnormal mode records of TTs is scanned, The frequent itemsets of abnormal patterns of TTs are found, and the association rules between abnormal patterns and abnormal causes in frequent itemsets are generated to realize the health monitoring of TTs. The test results show that the data fusion method can effectively avoid the impact of the instability of data acquisition of each monitoring node. When the minimum confidence and support are 0.6 and 0.7 respectively, the monitoring accuracy of this method is better, almost close to 1. In different environments, the monitoring accuracy of TT is higher than 0.9, which has strong applicability and high monitoring accuracy.

In this paper, we take solar air collector and heating system in Shijiazhuang city as a case to illustrate the system design and operation principle and analyze the operation data of the system. According to the results, the room temperature can be maintained at 18-22℃ during the daytime and 15-18℃ at night with electric auxiliary heating. It provides a reference for the promotion of solar air collection and heating in rural areas of north China.

Taking conventional natural towers and high-level water collection towers as the research objects, the 13500m² conventional cooling tower recommended for cold end optimization is compared with the 13000m² high-level water collection tower with the same tower body (tower height, bottom diameter, throat, and outlet dimensions). The results show that the high water intake cooling tower has a certain energy saving effect.

The New Energy Cooperation Committee, aiming at better development and utilization of new energy, has increasingly become focus of the international community. In order to explore the financing channel and method in the light of PPP mode, the committee is establishing government fund for new energy based on the PPP mode. The government new energy system motivation mode based on PPP mode will provide technology research and development fund, guarantee, or subsidies for the exploit enterprises. It will also provide investment capital for the enterprise in the transportation and sale sectors so as to promote the development of the new energy industry and meet China’s growing need of fuel gas. The research shows that the governmental direct intervene in the capital of developing and utilizing the new energy is the main obstacle for its development. The effective operation of government’s new energy fund mechanism can help filter vitality into the market’s capital, provide feasible means for financing, and sustain the development of the world economy. The discussion part put forward some suggestions.

Widely connected distributed power sources and large-scale controllable terminal loads have increased the complexity and perceived difficulty of dispatching management of the distribution network, resulting in an increasing amount of dispatching business and data information. In order to adapt to the "dual-carbon" development goals and the dispatching needs of smart city distribution network construction, first, from the perspective of distribution network dispatching, this paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation index system for dispatching operation management level considering technology and management. On this basis, the ordered weighted averaging(OWA) operator is used to improve the subjective extreme deviation of the analytic hierarchy process(AHP), and the subjective weight of the improved analytic hierarchy process(IAHP) is obtained. Meanwhile, the gray relational analysis(GRA) method is used to evaluate and decide the constructed evaluation index. Finally, this paper selects the actual city distribution network dispatch, evaluates its current dispatching management level, and verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed indicators and methods. This provides a reference for improving the management level of the distribution network dispatching operation and building a smart urban distribution network dispatching.

Water resources are the primary condition to maintain the ecological balance and sustainable development of the earth. Accurate prediction of water quality has high socio-economic value and ecological environmental protection value. However, it is difficult to achieve accurate prediction of river water quality data due to the characteristics of time series, seasonality, nonlinearity and excessive influencing factors. According to the characteristics of water quality data, this paper proposes a water quality prediction method based on attention mechanism of dual channel convolutional neural network ( CNN ) and long short-term memory ( LSTM ). Firstly, the river water quality data are cleaned and inputted into two parallel convolutional neural networks ( CNN ) for feature extraction. Then after the fusion level, the data are sent to the long short-term memory network ( LSTM ) for model training. Finally, the attention mechanism is used to optimize the model. The model combines powerful feature extraction ability of CNN , long-term memory ability of LSTM and the ability to highlight key features of attention mechanism ,achieving accurate prediction of river water quality data. Finally, based on the water quality data of the Guangli River, the results show that the Mean Absolute Error ( MAE ) of the proposed method is 2.04, and the Root Mean Square Guangli River Error ( RMSE ) is 2.77.

The energy-saving renovation of buildings mainly includes the renovation of the envelope structure and the renovation of heat supply metering. The envelope structure's energy-saving transformation mainly includes three aspects: energy-saving renovation of exterior wall, the energy-saving transformation of the external windows and the roof's energy-saving transformation. This paper uses ECOTECT energy consumption simulation software to simulate the thermal environment of a residential building envelope energy-saving renovation program in Xiamen, and thoroughly evaluate the energy consumption, discomfort, temperature distribution and thermal comfort of different energy-saving renovation programs. On the premise of comfort, the paper will choose the best energy-saving renovation plan for energy saving. Hopefully, it will provide a reference for the selection and comparison of energy-saving renovation plans for residential buildings in Xiamen.

With the rapid development of urbanization and the continuous growth of people's demand for better life quality in China, building energy consumption has shown a significant growth trend. The problem of energy shortage is becoming more and more serious. Keeping abreast of the developing building energy consumption and building accurate and convenient building energy consumption models is one of the critical approaches to settle the current energy shortage predicament. In this research, the development trend and characteristics of building energy consumption in China are introduced. The recent research progress of building energy consumption is recommended, and the main obstacles of building energy consumption research in China are analyzed.Moreover, the principles of building energy consumption models and their applicability and characteristics are summarized. The new technologies of building energy consumption at current are elucidated. Last, references and suggestions for improving the research methods and modeling technology of making energy consumption are provided.

Situational awareness of electric vehicle charging behavior is an important prerequisite for active distribution network to realize charging demand analysis and controllable resource regulation. However, the subjective difference and randomness of charging behavior greatly affect the accuracy of charging demand analysis. In this regard, this paper proposes a method for predicting the subjective charging behavior of electric vehicles based on deep residual networks. Firstly, the K-means clustering algorithm is used to obtain the non-differentiated typical charging behavior. Secondly, a differentiated subjective behavior characteristic model is constructed with multi-dimensional influencing factors as input and charging behavior characteristics as output of the model. The input and output are correlated, and the non-linear related parts are deep knowledge mined and non-linear curve fit through the deep residual network. Taking a Chinese electric vehicle data set as an example for simulation verification, the results show that the proposed method can effectively distinguish the linear and nonlinear relationships between multi-dimensional factors and charging behavior characteristics, and has high-precision charging behavior prediction capabilities.

In order to promote the exploration and development of oil reservoirs in northern Shaanxi, using core, mud logging and logging data, the study on the characteristics of sand bodies and sedimentary facies of Yan 8 oil layer group in X area was carried out. Based on the core description, the analysis of single-well sedimentary facies, continuous-well sedimentary facies, and planar sedimentary facies is carried out. It is believed that the Yan 8th section of the study area is a river-controlled delta plain environment, with three main developments: distributary channels, natural dikes and interbranch swamp Microphase. Vertically, the sand bodies in the Yan 8 oil layer group are discontinuous, and there are mainly distributary channels and inter-branch swamps. Horizontally, the Yan 8 oil layer group develops 10 river channels, which are distributed in a strip on the plane, and the extension direction is northwest-south east. Channel deposits constitute the main body of the sand body skeleton and are also the main oil and gas enrichment area.

Based on the water quality survey data of Luoyuan Bay from 2004 to 2019, this paper analyzed the multi-year change characteristics of water quality, spatial distribution characteristics and pollution causes. The research results can serve as a reference for water quality improvement and ecosystem restoration in Luoyuan Bay. Our study revealed that there was serious eutrophication during the spring over the past years in Luoyuan Bay. Despite the apparent improvement after 2015, water quality failed to meet the second class of sea water quality standard (GB3097-1997). Specifically, there was a serious imbalance in the nitrogen and phosphorus ratio, with an excess of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and that is more polluting than dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP). The differences in the multi-year spatial distribution of DIN and DIP were small, and the pollution levels displayed a generalized feature. After 2015, the spatial distribution of DIN and DIP tended to be more serious at the top of the bay. The abolition of aquaculture was an important reason for the improvement of water quality after 2015. Land-sourced pollution was the primary source of water pollution in Luoyuan Bay after 2015. The synergistic effect of the reduction of tidal intake caused by reclamation was identified as the primary reason for more serious pollution at the top of the bay.

In order to ensure the smooth development of air pollution prevention and control work, help the air quality of A city to reach the provincial target in the "13th Five-Year" ending year，promote the implementation of air pollution prevention and control, effectively improve the air quality, A City has carried out the investigation and accounting of VOCs emissions from key industrial sources in the city.The characteristics of VOCs emission intensity and chemical composition were analyzed, and the specific data including industries, enterprises, processes, treatment facilities and emissions were counted. The decomposition goals and total accounting were carried out for the emission reduction assessment task of key volatile organic compounds projects in A City during the "13th Five-Year Plan". Based on 2015, the accounting of total emissions and emission reduction of VOCs industrial pollution sources in A City was completed [1].

In order to solve the problem of bridgehead jumping caused by uneven settlement of soft soil subgrade, this paper proposes a non-excavation treatment scheme of inclined jet grouting pile reinforcement based on the demonstration project of eightword section of Xiaojiang Interchange Bridge in G15 Shenhai Expressway, the settlement amount of the eight-character bridge demonstration project and the reinforcement effect of using inclined rotary jet grouting pile to strengthen soft soil subgrade are analyzed and studied based on the FLAC3D three-dimensional numerical simulation. The results show that: The primary settlement is mainly concentrated in the period from 2000 to 2019,and the main consolidation settlement is dominant, the secondary consolidation settlement in the later period has a trend of gradual regional stability; The composite foundation composed of inclined jet grouting pile and silt soil can effectively enhance the anti-deformation ability of the soil under the embankment, and the settlement of the treated area is effectively controlled; The direction of the inclined jet grouting pile along the road length gradually decreases, and the road surface settlement also presents a gentle gradual effect through the zoning and gradual treatment of the soft soil subgrade in the jump-off section at the bridge head. The research results can provide a design basis for the treatment of soft soil subgrade in the demonstration section and have certain theoretical and practical significance.

This paper takes the central business district of the city as the research object, divides the traffic districts based on the current land use and road network, determines the remaining capacity of the main roads around each traffic district, establishes the constraint equation of parking allocation index according to the parking demand of each traffic district, and determines the parking allocation scheme of the central business district of the city by optimizing the calculation of parking allocation index. The aim is to find a solution to the parking dilemma in the central business district of the city, to get rid of the previous practice of approving parking allocation based on the building area in general, and to provide a more reasonable and quantitative parking allocation idea.

The mechnaical properties of ring-stiffened tube-gusset joints have elicited increasing attention from designers because of their reasonable stress distribution. However, research on the effect of chord compression on the ultimate strength of ringstiffened tube-gusset joints remains insufficient. Accordingly, this study proposes a design formula to address this deficit. Two typical ring-stiffened tube-gusset joints, i.e. tube-gusset KT-type joints stiffened by 1/4 ring plates and tube-gusset X-type joints stiffened by ring plates, are considered. Firstly, full-scale tests are conducted. The ultimate strengths of the KT- and X-joints are obtained under different chord compressions. Secondly, a parametric study is performed to discuss the effect of chord axial pressure basing on validated finite element modes. Then, the current relevant design formulae are adopted. The test and finite element analysis results indicates that the current design equations are not always effective under all conditions. At last, one modified design equation is proposed for KT-joints. The proposed method can provide improved prediction of the strength of KT-joint.

The improvement of public space quality in existing residential areas has become one of the focus of urban renewal work, and quantitative analysis is becoming increasingly important. However, the current quantitative analysis of space quality still lacks normative standards for quantitative measurement of material properties. Research on the four spatial characteristics that reflect the quality of public space form, space function, space comfort, and humanistic environment, design 4 first-level quality indicators, including 17 second-level quality indicator layers, and explain them. Furthermore, the quantitative measurement of the spatial attributes of each index material is explained, and the measurement operation standard is proposed.

This is a major strengthening and rebuilding project in a university, during the construction process we found the condition of the original structure is unsatisfactory. For security reasons, it must take a support system during the construction. After the program selection and calculation, finally determine to use the scaffolding support scheme. Compare to other schemes, this scheme first ensures the construction safe, then can save about 240,000 yuan. It provides an economical and safe choice for the internal support of the renovation project in the future.

Under the background of foundation pit construction in a two-floor metro station in Tianjin, the laws of how steel brace and reinforced concrete brace erected at the same position of foundation pit influence the deformation of foundation pit enclosure structure and ground displacement were comparatively analyzed through a theoretical calculation. The calculation results show that when steel braces are used in the foundation pit, and the deformation of enclosure structure and ground displacement can be controlled by applying the axial prestress. The steel braces are recommended in practical engineering by virtue of their convenient installation and removal. The reinforced concrete braces will be considered only when the conditions at the construction site are limited, that is, not permitting the erection of steel brace.

Understanding the influence of artificial island on the water environment would be valuable for scientific management strategies for the coastal zones. In this study, so as to resolve this issue, a hydrodynamic model was built to investigate the changes of tidal dynamic factors caused by Ocean Flower Island in Yangpu Bay. The results demonstrate that the construction of the Ocean Flower Island leads to the reduction in tidal-energy in the semi-enclosed water formed between the islands, especially between the petals. The decrease of tidal-energy results in the weakening tidal movement and the trend of increasing deposition of sediment. The O₁ tide occupies a dominant position in all tide, and the maximum amplitude appears in Xinying Bay, which is approximately 0.82 m. Amplified the tidal amplitude slightly in Yangpu Bay between OFI and Yangpu Port. The phases were all delayed (less than 0.28°) in the inner sea. The tidal characteristics of Yangpu Bay were mostly leading by the ebb tide; while in the Xinying Bay were flood dominant. The build of Ocean Flower Island enhanced the ebb dominance in the area of 3# island and Yangpu port. Whilst mitigated ebb dominance in the Inner Sea on the east side of the 3# island. The consequences would be valuable for planning management and sustainable development of Yangpu Bay regions.

Intelligent construction is the inevitable choice for the traditional construction industry to transform into technology intensive, and the production mode of intelligent construction will inevitably form D (Date), M (Modeling), B (Blueprint), P (Precision). In western China, the production level is on the lower side, and the urban infrastructure construction needs to be optimized and improved urgently. Therefore, it is very important to update the city appearance and improve the building quality through intelligent construction. In this paper, the application of DMBP intelligent building technology is analyzed based on the case of prefabricated houses in western China, which provides reference for the optimization and transformation of the construction industry.

The proper utilization of wastes for combined heat and power (CHP) is a powerful measure for energy saving, emission reduction, and environment improvement. The support of a gas pipeline is composed of movable support and fixed support, which is old reconstruction and new addition of the pipeline. Its spatial configuration is complex and its stiffness changes greatly. The static and dynamic mechanical properties of the pipeline support were analyzed based on SAP2000 software. The results show that the stability of the pipeline support meets the requirements and has a certain safety reserve.

To promote the resource utilization of calcium carbide residue in road engineering, the calcium carbide residue as cementitious material was used to stabilize the two kinds of fine-grained soils. The effects of mixing method and compaction delay time on the strength of the stabilized soils are investigated by a series of unconfined compressive tests. The results show that the strength of the two stabilized soils can be increased respectively by about 42% and 23% with the same three-time addition mixing method for the wet calcium carbide residue, compared to the one-time addition mixing method. While for the dry calcium carbide residue, the strength of the stabilized soil cannot be improved with the same three-time addition mixing method. The unconfined compressive strength of calcium carbide residue stabilized soil increases first and then decreases with the time delay of compaction, and the appropriate delay time of compaction for the two stabilized soils is about 16 h and 4 h respectively. The results provide a reference for the engineering application of calcium carbide residue stabilized soil.

Intelligent compaction technology is a new pavement compaction control technology. In order to research the reliability of intelligent compaction technology for compaction degree evaluation of asphalt pavement, the intelligent compaction technology was used to compact the asphalt mixtures of Ji-shuang highway project (SMA-13 for upper layer of the pavement and AC-20 for middle layer of the pavement). The vibrating compaction value (VCV) was detected by the intelligent compaction system continuously during the rolling process. Then the compaction degree of the two pavement layers after the last vibration rolling was measured by the non-nuclear density gauge. Finally, the relationship between VCV value and compaction degree of the two pavement layers was fitted by the least square method. Results show that the compaction uniformity of asphalt pavement is good through intelligent compaction. The VCV obtained from the intelligent compaction has a good correlation with the compaction degree.

The novel coronavirus pneumonia sweeps the globe, causing a great impact on the whole human life. As the increase of the number of isolated infections at home, the new requirements of epidemic prevention for the functional design of residence have been put forward. Urban residential space has been analyzed from the perspective of epidemic prevention for the epidemic prevention problems in the paper to try to explore the new method of urban residential space design, which provides reference for the design of urban residential space under the guidance of epidemic prevention and control.

The development of urban waterfront areas is very important for urban construction. On the one hand, the waterfront areas have great development value, and on the other hand, the ocean, as a natural resource, needs to be environmentally protected. At present, the traditional waterfront areas are still preserved. In this study, by studying the cases of urban waterfront areas and smart cities, the characteristics of the two are obtained, and the focus of water resource construction is proposed, and other smart cities refine waterfront plans with new technological support

With the popularization of the 5G (fifth generation), cloud computing and Internet of Things, China has developed an multi-dimensional and all-round smart tourism system, which has become China's development trend in tourism industry. Based on the background of post-pandemic of COVID-19, this paper analyzed the present research and application status of tourism. This paper analyzed the research status in the field of AR in tourism based on AR (Artificial Intelligence) technology. It studied the future how AR visualization technology could be applied in China's smart tourism development and how would the tourists be endowed with various feelings with the use of the technology

In recent years, with the rapid and healthy development of China's national economy and the continuous improvement of urbanization, the expeditious expansion of cities has put forward new requirements for the level and ability of urban management information. How to further upgrade the existing digital city management platform to meet the challenges brought by the change of urban management mode is the critical content of the current management work of each prefecture-level city. Based on the analysis of the current operation status of the existing digital urban management system, this paper proposes a method for the evolution of smart urban management from multiple directions, such as organization, architecture, data, and technology, to promote the combination of theory and practice, and realize the upgrading demand of intelligent city management in prefecture-level cities for reference.

Urban community, as the basic unit of urban operation, is the direct recipient of all kinds of urban disasters. Strengthening emergency management and emergency capacity construction of urban community can effectively improve the level of urban governance, and is also the basic guarantee of building a harmonious society. This paper discusses the importance of urban community emergency management mechanism construction, and through the analysis of the characteristics of urban community disasters, it is concluded that urban community disasters have suddenness, emergency, diffusion, harm and universality of influence. In view of the problems existing in the urban community emergency management, put forward to establish a special community emergency management and coordination agency, perfecting the multi-agent collaborative management, establishing and perfecting the community emergency plan system, perfecting the community autonomous rule, giving full play to the advantages of modern science and technology, a total of five urban community disaster risk emergency management mechanism, to enhance the level of urban community emergency and thus to ensure the safety of the whole city.

In the process of conservation and utilization of historical buildings, relevant stakeholders should adapt to the material and spiritual needs of people in the development of urbanization, and continuously explore their technical, economic and cultural values. This will be in line with the regulations that preserving heritage is preserving history, and preserving the cultural lineage of the city. We should pursue both the preservation of buildings and the continuation of their historical and cultural values. Achieving the unity of social, economic and environmental benefits of urban construction and development is already a common consideration in the world. This article analyzes the relevant cases in France, Nanjing, Guangzhou, Beijing and other places, and discusses the path for the protection of historical buildings, the enhancement of their own value and the coordinated development of the city. And analyze its problems and put forward relevant policy recommendations. Historical buildings should use the advantages of the Internet to broadly consolidate social consensus. Unite the government, social capital, and tourism to develop cultural and creative industries, so that the protection of the building itself, cultural heritage, and the activation of tourism functions will develop together.

In recent years, geological disasters occur frequently in China, and earthquakes have seriously affected people's lives and property. In order to reduce the damage loss of high-rise buildings caused by earthquake, the design method of remote monitoring system for high-rise buildings under strong earthquake environment is proposed, aiming at the problem that the accuracy of traditional building reinforcement test system is insufficient in strong earthquake environment. According to the structural characteristics of high-rise buildings in strong earthquake environment, by optimizing the system structure and reasonably selecting the hardware configuration of the system, the software performance of the system is improved, so that the design of the remote test system for the reinforcement of high-rise buildings under strong earthquake environment is more scientific and reasonable. The experimental results show that the performance of the test system in the M = 5-8 earthquake environment is always above 70%, which makes it more accurate and stable in the actual operation process.

With the expansion of the road maintenance market, there is an increasing demand for road maintenance materials, especially high-performance emulsified asphalt materials. In this paper, a new type of waterborne epoxy modified emulsified asphalt cementitious material was prepared. Through laboratory tests, its material ratio, mixing process and epoxy content were studied in detail, and performance indicators such as adhesion, viscosity, and bond strength were investigated. Finally, the influence factors and the strength formation mechanism of the solidified materials were explored and studied by microstructure analysis methods.

The advanced railway signal system can prevent train-to-train collision automatically under normal working conditions, but the lack of perception of obstacles in front of the train has always been the pain point of the existing signal system. In this research, a design of Railway Intelligent Obstacle Detection System (RIODS) is proposed for the detection and warning of obstacles on the track, such as pedestrians, rocks, and vehicles. RIODS is a comprehensive and effective system solution. By deploying the subsystem of RIODS in the vehicle, trackside, and control center to meet the engineering application needs in different operation scenarios, the availability of the system is greatly improved, and the dependence on the performance of a single sensor is reduced. Based on multi-sensor fusion technology, deep learning algorithms, train positioning technology, and wireless communication, the system achieves information collection and analysis, and obstacle detection. Through field testing, the expected design function has been achieved. RIODS can be applied to different environments, and effectively improves the safety of train operation

Precast segmental bridge columns (PSBC) have been gradually used in various bridge engineering for rapid construction. But current applications are mainly limited to low seismic areas due to the lack of energy dissipation capacity. In this study, the external self-centering energy dissipation device (SCEDD) was applied to improve the seismic capacity of PSBC. The refined solid finite element model was established and tested based on ABAQUS platform. The effects of four parameters of SCEDD, i.e., connection mode, nominal yield force, stiffness of disc springs and whether to install SCEDD at the bottom of the pier, were systematically discussed by quasi-static analysis. The results show that, the ductility of the PSBC can be improved by using hinged SCEDD in comparison with the rigid connection. However, two connection modes have no effects on the maximum strength and initial stiffness of the pier. Moreover, increasing the nominal yield force of SCEDD and the stiffness of disc springs can obviously reduce the ductility of the PSBC. Meanwhile, the potential plastic hinge region moves up. Furthermore, the installation of SCEDD can enhance the energy dissipation capacity of the PSBC, but is still insufficient compared with the cast-in-place (CIP) pier.

The merging behavior in urban expressway weaving section affects the operation efficiency of the weaving area and reduce the efficiency of expressway traffic. This article obtains the video data, selects the merging position and speed of the merging vehicle for analysis. Clustering analysis method is used to evaluate the vehicle's merging position. The contour coefficient is used for evaluate the results. Speed analysis result shows that the optimal cluster number is 3. 89.04% of the vehicle speeds are within the ±2.5mꞏs-1 interval of the main line speed, 42.5% of vehicles merged at a speed lower than the main line speed, and 57.5% of vehicles had a speed higher than the main line traffic speed. According to the above analysis, the merging behavior of expressway interweaving area is classified. And choose the support vector machine algorithm to predict it. The results show that the accuracy of the SVM model is above 78%, indicating that the SVM model can better predict the merging behavior of vehicles in the interweaving area on the ramp.

The cable hoisting method is the most important construction method for long-span arch bridges. During the hoisting process of the arch rib, the incomplete consolidation of the segment joint due to the temporary connection of the bolts, the deflection of the tower caused by the temporary construction load of the main cable, and the free expansion and contraction of the anchor cable and the buckle caused by the temperature change will all affect the arch rib. The installation line has a greater impact. In this paper, the double-element model calculation method considering the stiffness loss can be used to calculate the correction value of the arch rib installation line more accurately when considering the incomplete consolidation of the arch rib segment joint; the geometric relationship between the cable and the tower is used to deduce the tower The correction calculation formula for the installation alignment of the deflection of the frame and the free expansion and contraction of the anchor cable and the buckle caused by the temperature change is calculated to calculate the correction value of the installation alignment of the arch rib due to the deviation of the tower and the temperature change of the anchor cable and the buckle; A calculation formula for the installation line shape of the arch rib of a largespan cable hoisting arch bridge is proposed, which comprehensively considers various influencing factors. The installation line shape of the arch rib is calculated. Taking the Yunnan Lancang River Bridge as an example, the arch line shape error meets the specification requirements. This article can provide a useful reference for the linear calculation of the arch rib installation of the cable-mounted arch bridge.

To study the anti-sliding performance of the two-component epoxy resin thin layer, a combination of accelerated loading test and mechanical test was used to focus on the influence of different aggregate types on its anti-sliding performance. SMA-10 and modified emulsified asphalt micro-surface were selected as a control group, accelerated loading test were carried out, the law of BPN value, TD value, and aggregate wear mass loss rate with wear time were analyzed; and the logarithmic formula was used to make a fitting regression of the attenuation law of anti-sliding performance. Through shear test and pull-out test, the influence of different aggregate types and asphalt on its mechanical properties was analyzed. The test results showed that the anti-sliding performance of the two-component epoxy resin anti-sliding layer was better than that of SMA-10 and the modified emulsified asphalt micro-surface; within 3h after the start of the accelerated loading test, the anti-sliding performance decayed rapidly, and the later decay rate was slow and showed a slow decreasing trend. Besides, the relationship between the TD value and the BPN value with abrasion time had a good correlation with the logarithmic formula. In addition, the shear strength and bonding strength between the anti-sliding thin layer and the asphalt concrete base surface are strong, and the failure surfaces of the specimens all appear inside the asphalt layer.

In order to study the influence of hopper angle α at the bottom of silo on the segregation of mixture, the response surface experiment was designed to calibrate the parameters of mixture, and the hopper drop process of silo was simulated by discrete element software EDEM. Near-Neighbor Separation Index (NNSI) was used to analyze the distribution uniformity of 4.75 mm particles in the mixture. The correlation between NNSI and α was established and the results show that in the range of 50°~60°, α has a good correlation with NNSI, because the correlation coefficient of quadratic polynomial regression reaches 0.92. When α is at 55˚, the particle uniformity of 4.75 mm is the worst. While α is at both ends of the interval, the particle uniformity of 4.75 mm is the best. The reason for the change of uniformity is that the change of α affects the velocity component ν_xy at the X-Y plane of the particle velocity at the outlet. When α is close to 55˚, the fluctuation of ν_xy is larger than that at 50˚ and 60˚. The results of this paper can be used for reference for the improvement of hopper in silo, and the research method can be used to study other mixtures.

The normal temperature of modified asphalt mixture has realized the asphalt pavement under the condition of the special environment, construction and maintenance, according to the provincial highway 202 line K0 + 000 ~ K3 + 100 section of the normal temperature of modified asphalt macadam mixture pavement test section construction, preliminary summarized in Long Dong region, the related technical index of the modified asphalt mixture under normal temperature, construction process control, etc., it provides some basic test data and construction experience for the promotion of this technology. The research is of great significance to the popularization and application of technology.

Ballasted track is mostly used in the track structure of heavy haul railway in the main line section, but with the increase of traffic intensity, the dynamic load increases, resulting in the damage of rail structure. Due to the strong role of wheel and rail in small radius curve section, rail corrugation not only appears early, but also develops rapidly, which affects the safety of train operation. At present, rail grinding is the main method to eliminate the corrugation of heavy haul railway. In this paper, the small radius curve section of Shen-shuo heavy haul railway is tested on site to obtain the typical corrugation characteristics and the mechanical response of the track structure. The power spectral density analysis of the test data is carried out to analyze the change law of corrugation before and after the corrugation. At the same time, the multi-body dynamics software is used to establish the vehicle track coupling dynamics model, and the cause of the rail corrugation in the small radius curve section of heavy haul railway is analyzed. The results show that the corrugation length of the rail in the test section is about 200 mm, and the grinding can change the original natural frequency of the rail, so as to inhibit the generation and development of the corrugation in the small radius curve section of the heavy haul railway.