This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 12244 including the Title Page, Copyright information, and Table of Contents.

At this stage, blood examination is mainly carried out by manpower. More than half of the blood collection processes of medical personnel is used for the treatment of blood collection tubes. Sometimes patients will take multiple blood samples at one time, which will also increase the workload of medical personnel. This project proposes a scheme to use the collaborative robot to carry out the pretreatment such as picking up and labeling of blood collection tubes, which can improve the processing efficiency of blood collection tubes and the work efficiency of medical personnel.

In the article, a robot for installing variable stiffness fixtures, which can be used to solve the low-efficiency and laborious problem of the large-scale computer embroidery machine, has been designed and verified. The works of design started from the demand for the load, function, and dynamic characteristics of the robot, and used 3D printing to produce a robot prototype for the variable stiffness fixture to test the installing effects. The effects show that the averagely installing time of each variable stiffness fixture is about 3 seconds, and the installed fixtures can meet the requirements of mechanics in the use of embroidery machines.

Sea cucumber fishing is an important application of underwater robots. In order to realize the function of sea cucumber fishing, an underwater robot system for sea cucumber fishing is designed, which can reduce operation requirements and costs while realizing sea cucumber fishing. The overall system plan includes the design of subsystems such as power supply system, fishing system, transmission system, propulsion system, balance and positioning system, and anticollision airbag. According to the actual needs of sea cucumber fishing, the mechanical structure and size of each subsystem are designed, and SolidWorks is used to complete the three-dimensional modeling of the overall system. Adaptive sliding mode control algorithm is used for positioning control of underwater vehicles to verify the effectiveness of system design.

A breast cancer chat robot is used to provide medical information to patients and soothe their anxiety. Many researches are focusing on the chatbots' important conversational skills in breast cancer consultation. However, most current breast cancer chatbots ignore breast cancer diagnosis, which is one of the main reasons for patients' anxiety. In this paper, we present a chat robot to perform the breast cancer diagnosis, generate responses to users, and provide them with information related to breast cancer. Our chat robot consists of three parts, breast cancer detection, chatting function, and user interface. In breast cancer detection, we first resize, rotate and normalize the images, and then load and fine-tune the pre-trained Resnet-152 with SGDM. For the chatting function, we normalize the texts and use TF-IDF to find the true answer in the whole list for users. At last, we encapsulate breast cancer detection and chatting functions into the user interface. The experimental results show that the chat robot could detect breast cancer accurately and give true responses to users. Our analyses illustrate that our chat robot can assist in diagnosis and treatment by saving time, sharing more information with patients, and analyzing images of slices.

Semiconductor technology is a new technology that has only begun to develop in recent decades, but after just a few decades of development, it has become one of the largest industries in the world today, and it exists in many products in our daily lives. In the last few years, the demand for semiconductors surged, even in automobiles, computers and other industries. Due to the shortage of semiconductor chips, a chain shortage effects are caused in many other fields. Therefore, advanced semiconductor technology is very urgent. In semiconductor technology, etching technology accounts for about one-third of the total process capital cost and a large amount of time cost. The reactive ion etching and deep reactive ion etching in this paper are the most advanced techs among all etching technologies today. This paper first explained the mechanisms of the two technologies, and analyzed etching performance with various influencing factors.

In order to optimize the surface flatness and roughness of borosilicate glass, this study employs the chemical mechanical polishing technology(CMP) for the surface flattening of borosilicate glass. The polishing characteristics of the sample has been studied by adjusting the process parameters of CMP, including the polishing time, the rotate speed of polishing disk, the rate of polishing liquid flow, and the polishing pressure. And finally, the surface flattening treatment of the sample was realized in the study. The results show that when the process parameters varied, the surface peak-valley value and surface roughness value of the glass shared the similar trend. As the polishing time increased, they decreased rapidly and then gradually stabilized. During the increase of the rotate speed of polishing disk, the rate of polishing liquid flow, and the polishing pressure, they showed a trend of firstly decreasing and then increasing.

Hot-recycled asphalt mixing plant plays a particularly important role in the asphalt pavement construction. Its efficient operation, reasonable layout and advanced management are greatly valued in highway construction. Based on the technical characteristics and space-time relationship of the facilities and equipment of the hot-recycled asphalt mixing plant, the space-time layout method of the hot-recycled asphalt mixing plant is studied in this article to provide a scientific theoretical basis for the in-depth study on the planning and construction of the mixing plant.

The bearing sleeve and pin shaft of 110kV circuit breaker spring operating mechanism were broken in the combination parts of energy storage shaft and CAM in the low electric pressure split and close test. The macroscopic morphology, hot acid erosion and microstructure of the mechanism were observed.The test results show that there are grinding cracks left in the inner surface of the bearing sleeve of the energy storage shaft and cam combination parts. When the split-and-close test is carried out, the energy storage retaining button and the bearing sleeve exert large mutual extrusion stress. The pin bearing in the energy storage shaft and cam combination parts is broken by bending stress, which leads to the fracture of the cylindrical ball roller and the bearing sleeve.

Ultra-thin wear layer is a preventive maintenance technology that can improve flatness, wear resistance and reduce the noise. In order to prevent delamination of the wearing layer and ensure the continuity between the layers, it is necessary to use high-viscosity emulsified asphalt between the layers. In this study, a certain proportion of high molecular polymers and latex were added as tackifiers to make the prepared emulsified asphalt have better stability and cohesiveness. Experiments are conducted to study the influence of factors such as stabilizers, polymer and latex on the evaporation residue and storage stability of high-viscosity emulsified asphalt, and to design the compatibility of raw materials for high viscosity emulsified asphalt. The study found that the high-viscosity emulsified asphalt prepared by the water-soluble emulsification method under the conditions of quaternary ammonium salt emulsifier 1.5% + ammonium chloride 0.4% + neoprene latex 3% + high molecular polymer 0.7% has good performance. Through the interlayer shear and tensile test, the strength is greater than 0.4Mpa.

Wind and sand control is an effective method to prevent land desertification and protect farmland, pastures, transportation and settlements from wind and sand flows and dunes. The surface of sandy land is exposed, wind speed is high, sandy land surface activity is frequent, wind and sand activity at the edge will harm farmland, and the gradual invasion of sand flow will cause the elevation of farmland. China's arid zone is vast and more than 1/4 of the country has desertification, so it is one of the most serious countries in the world suffering from desertification. The high vertital sand barrier laying vehicle working principle is to increase the roughness of the desert surface and artificially change the wind speed profile, so as to weaken the surface wind speed, reduce the wind force and improve the survival rate of sand-fixing plants. The surface roughness of the area where high vertical sand barriers are used for wind and sand fixation can be up to 200 times more than other areas, and the wind and sand flow rate can be as low as one percent or less than other areas.

FSAE is a race in which the driver controls the car, so ergonomic design is crucial to the driver's driving experience. This paper takes the blade racing car of Wuhan University of Technology Formula E racing team (WUTE) as the background, carries on the simulation analysis to the ergonomics of racing car. The real human body data of racers are collected and the model is established. The ergonomic design and analysis module of CATIA software is used to establish the humanmachine relationship with the human body model as a reference. The relative relations of single shell, seat, steering wheel and pedal are established to determine the human body posture and visual field. Constantly adjust and verify important rules, and finally get the appropriate man-machine relationship as the criterion of racing design.

Aiming at the Mag welding between the drive axle housing and the axle tube of commercial vehicles, the finite element numerical model of the welding process was established by using the finite element software Sysweld. Combined with the actual welding process parameters and the thermophysical and mechanical performance parameters of the material, an appropriate heat source model was selected, and the simulation results of the welded joint and the actual molten pool morphology were compared to verify the correctness of the heat source model. The temperature distribution cloud diagram of the welded joint at different times and the thermal cycle curve of the key nodes were obtained by analysis. By comparing the test results with the numerical simulation results, the reliability of the numerical simulation of the axle tube and the axle housing was proved. When analyzing the axial residual stress and circumferential residual stress of the welded joint, it was found that the peak value of residual stress was located at the welding root, which is consistent with the actual failure position of the axle housing.

The stock removal uniformity in planetary double-sided polishing process has an important influence on the optical materials surface quality. The velocity equation is set up through the kinematical analysis of double-sided polishing process, which refers to any point of the workpieces relative to the pad, and then a quantitative evaluation method of stock removal uniformity is simulated, and finally the optimal parameters of stock removal uniformity are obtained. As the results shown, when the radius ratio between the sun gear and ring gear is equal or greater than 0.2, the parameters m and n fit the equation: n=2.33m-0.06, the optimal stock removal uniformity is obtained.

Due to its superior bandwidth, high thermal and electrical conductivity, single-crystal SiC is becoming one of the most commonly employed third-generation wafer materials that are essential for the fabrication of powdered electronic devices. This work presents an experimental investigation on the role of processing parameters in the dicing process of silicon carbide (SiC) wafers. Metal bond diamond blades were successfully sintered and utilized to dice single-crystal SiC along with[1120] and the [1100] directions. Dicing quality was evaluated based on the average chipping size and distribution, as well as the relative Kerf defined as the ratio of kerf width to thickness of diamond blades. Single-crystal SiC diced in [1120] direction had quality better than that diced in the [1100] direction. During SiC dicing process, the chip size on the edge of the dicing groove and the relative kerf width increased with the increase of cutting depth. Increased dicing loads could result in the truncation of diamond abrasives, the smaller the difference in protrusion height, and the lower the chipping. Last but not least, the thickness was found to play a determinant role in the mechanical integrity and hence dicing capability of sintered diamond blades on SiC; the minimum thickness of sintered diamond blades was 200 microns.

As a new sand mold forming for patternless casting process, a further study is needed in the extrusion-milling technology. Since the extrusion of sand mold can change the strength and gas permeability, it plays a vital role in the control of shape and performance. To study the law of pressure transfer during extrusion, static and dynamic models of sand particles are developed, and the force transfer mechanism between granular particles is revealed. In this study, the extrusion near-shape process of sand mold with 300mm cavity depth is simulated and analyzed by using discrete element method (DEM). The transmission law of force with 300mm cavity depth under single-sided extrusion is obtained. The deeper the depth of the sand mold cavity, the smaller the force on the bottom of the sand mold, and the more defects in strength and uniformity at the bottom. The correctness of the simulation model is verified by testing the strength and gas permeability of the bottom of the sand mold. This present study provides a research basis for the preparation of high-quality sand mold in extrusion cutting process.

The welded structure has the characteristics of good connectivity, light weight and easy processing, and is widely used in the manufacture of civil aircraft fuel tubes. However, the structural discontinuity of the welded tube can easily lead to stress concentration, and at the same time, the heat generated during the welding process will reduce the strength properties of the material near the weld, making the welded tube one of the weak links in the fuel tube network system, which affect the performance of the aircraft fuel system reliability. In the early aircraft design process, the fuel tubes were designed and selected based on experience, and there was no effective method for fatigue analysis of welded tubes. In this paper, a fatigue analysis method of aircraft fuel thin-walled welded tube is proposed, the fatigue test piece of fuel thin-walled welded tube was designed, the fatigue test method was formulated, and the test data was analyzed based on the DFR method, and DFR value of typical 6061-T4 aluminum fuel thin-walled welded tube for civil aircraft was obtained. Combined with the finite element analysis example of fuel thin-wall welded tube, the general process of welded tube fatigue strength evaluation is given. This paper provides a reference for the fatigue design and engineering application of aircraft fuel thin-wall welded tubes.

This work presents stamping process analysis and die design of automobile child seat brackets, by means of the computational software NX8.0 and Dynaform5.9. Two stamping processes are compared with respect to material utilization rate and productivity, wherein the second scheme can have the advantages in terms of productivity, with 50% higher than the first scheme, under the condition of identical material utilization η= 43%. The forming process is studied with force analysis and simulation, and the simulation results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the design scheme. Moreover, the assembly drawings of two sets of compounds die are designed.

In the north of China, the temperature difference between day and night in winter is large, and the concrete pole will have a slow freezing-thawing cycle. In this paper, the model making of C100 ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) electric pole is described. It is concluded that the loss of the relative dynamic modulus of the ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) electric pole after 300 freezing-thawing cycles is small, and its quality is almost no loss, which guarantees the normal service of the UHPC electric pole in the cold zone environment.

With the rapid development of sciences such as life, machinery, materials and information, the research and application of bionics has received great attention and vigorous development at home and abroad. Nowadays, the research of bird bionic robots focuses on the research and solution of flapping wings, but there are few researches on other types of birds, such as ostriches and peacocks, and there is a single type of bird bionic robots. The article will introduce a kind of bionic peacock, which can imitate the movement patterns of peacock walking, raising the screen, opening the screen, shaking the screen, etc., and apply the bionic peacock to display, exhibition, and popular science education.

The use of composite materials in the aviation field has greatly promoted the lightweight, high performance, and structural and functional integration of aircraft. For Liquid Composite Moulding (LCM), the injection time and flow channel of resin can be predicted through computer-aided simulation, and then the flow channel design in the process can be guided. For parts with large size and complex structure, process simulation is especially important. In this study, the simulation and analysis of the manufacturing process of a scaled three-dimensional woven composites casing were carried out. According to the simulation results, reasonable resin injection method and process parameters were selected to support the mould design and process parameter optimization. This helped the successful manufacturing of scaled composite fan containment casings with high quality.

The automobile seat is one of the important accessories of an automobile, and the lightweight research on it can help achieve energy saving and environmental protection of automobiles. In this paper, the expressions of the design variable, the objective function, the constraints, and the mathematical model for the lightweight of the automobile seat are established based on the four basic requirements of mathematical optimization, combined with the national standard requirements for automobile seats. Eventually, the best solution is selected from the solution library quickly and strength checked by Inspire software, the results of which show that the maximum displacement of the best solution is 4.576 mm, the safety factor is 9.4, the von Mises stress is 4.764, and the lightening ratio amounts to 89.03%. This demonstrates that it is feasible to apply the Optimization Theory to the research of the lightweight of automobile seats.

Straw checkerboard paving is a common desert control measure and has good control effect. Nowadays, grass squares are mostly carried out manually, and there is still a lack of laying machinery. This article will introduce a grass square laying machine, set marching, changing grass, laying grass in one, and realize the use of speed synthesis, to solve the laying process has been laid grass square repeatedly crushed, and low efficiency, so that the machine in the move at the same time, can be laid on the two directions of the grass square.

This paper takes a radar antenna array as the research object, establishes its finite element model by using ANSYS software, and analyzes the stress-strain analysis under the wind load when the antenna stops rotating. The calculation results show that the wind proof ability of the radar antenna array meets the requirements, which provides reliable data support for optimizing the structural design of the radar antenna. It has important guiding significance for the design and analysis of radar antenna.

Taking the lightning tower of an ATC radar station as an example, the lightning tower model is established by using the finite element analysis software ANSYS, the calculation and analysis are carried out to verify whether it meets the design performance index under wind load. On this basis, the dangerous surface of lightning tower under wind load is found, and the possible damage parts of lightning tower are judged, so as to provide a reference for improving the structural design of lightning tower.

Internal combustion locomotive is an important vehicle to provide railway traction power. Aiming at the serious heating problem of transmission case of internal combustion locomotive, the influence of axial modification of helical gear used for transmission case on contacting state of gear tooth was studied. In order to reduce the contact stress and weaken the uneven distribution of loading on the tooth surface, the axial slope modification was carried out. And for reducing the contact stress at the edge of the tooth surface, the axial crown modification was carried out. Furthermore, the contacting states of tooth surface before and after axial modification were compared, and the influence of modification amount on contacting stress of tooth surface was also analyzed by virtual prototype simulation. Moreover, the modified helical gear meshes with two gears. Through tooth axial modification, the contacting state of the modified gear was significantly improved during meshing with two gears, which is helpful to prolong the life of the gear.

At present, bulk-cargo grain carriers encounter numerous problems in the process of unloading grains of the docked carriers, such as the large amount of grain, long unloading time, poor cabin working environment, etc. In this light, this work proposes a multifunctional integrated clearance robotic vehicle for bulk-cargo grain carriers. This vehicle can efficiently accomplish the collection and delivery of the grains in the cabin, to solve the problem of sucking the residual grains with 1 m depth effectively, which can liberate manual labor. It can make the clearance robot have compact structure, light weight, flexible movements, resulting in reliable performances and enhanced working efficiency.

Frost inevitably occurs in cold rooms and a thick layer of frost can lead to a reduction in system efficiency. Therefore the system chiller needs to be melted when frost is formed. In recent years, the four-pipe hot gas frost melting method has been used in engineering. In the frost melting process, the influence of the frost heat on the temperature field of the cold storage determines the quality of the food stored in the cold storage. The changes and laws of the cold storage temperature field under the electric heating and four-pipe hot gas frost melting modes are studied through experiments. The results show that under the electric heating mode, the temperature fluctuates greatly in all parts of the store, and the temperature fluctuates up to 32.5°C in the return air area of the chiller. In the four-pipe hot gas melting mode, the maximum is only 2.66°C, which is 91.8% lower than the former. In terms of time and energy consumption, the four-pipe hot air melting mode takes 50% less time to defrost than electric heating and consumes approximately 51.8% less energy to defrost.

The development of the Master Minimum Equipment List (PMMEL) items is conducive to improving the operational reliability and economy of civil aircraft, and safety analysis is a critical step of the PMMEL items development process. This paper establishes a PMMEL quantitative safety analysis method that considers both special risks and average risks for the first time. The method has been applied to specific cases to verify its rationality and availability. Providing technical support for the development of the PMMEL items by ensuring the safety while taking into account the economy of the aircraft.

Hybrid additive/subtractive manufacturing (ASHM) is recently developed to fabricate complex structures. High thermal gradient during the SLM process leads to large residual stresses, which could affect the surface quality of subjacent milled surfaces. This paper focuses on the surface quality of overhang features in selective laser melting (SLM)-based ASHM. An ASHM experiment with overhang feature was conducted for 6511 steel. A 3D thermo-mechanical coupled finite element (FE) model of SLM considering phase transformation of 6511 was established. The effects of volumetric change due to phase transformation on surface quality were studied. The predicted overhang surface quality was compared with that from the experiment. This paper could provide guidance to the process planning of ASHM with overhang features.

In this paper, a special high-voltage pulse synchronization system is designed for the framing camera used in the Z-pinch experiment.The system adopts a system architecture that combines a programmable delay module and a high-voltage pulse generation module. The delay module uses a digital delay chip to achieve picosecond delay. The high-voltage pulse generation module uses a Marx pulse circuit combined in series and parallel to generate high-voltage narrow pulse.Technical parameters: pulse amplitude 2.5kv, pulse width 4.03ns, delay range 2s, delay accuracy 500Ps, pulse jitter less than 150ps. It avoids the line loss and waveform distortion caused by the long transmission line of the traditional delay line method, improves the system integration, reduces the volume and weight of the equipment, and is more convenient to deploy and use.

The design of manned spacecraft is a huge system engineering process. With the development of manned spaceflight, the traditional document-centric working method can no longer be adapted to the engineering needs. Lunar extravehicular mission is a very important part of manned lunar exploration. In order to ensure this mission, multiple functions of the aircraft are required. Based on the general process of overbalance model development, this paper carried out the application of model-based design method for manned lunar exploration mission, and verifies the applicability of the method, which has practical significance for the technical development of manned spacecraft development under the background of MBSE.

In order to solve the low simulation accuracy of fuel oil purifier system and the deficiency of fault troubleshooting training function in the existing marine engine simulator, in this paper, the simulation models of fuel oil purifier pipeline system, Alfa Laval SU881 type purifier and EPC50 control unit are established by using modular modeling method; The calculation program and visual operation interface are compiled with VC + +, and the simulation training system of fuel oil purifier is developed. The simulation results show that the system can correctly reflect the operation state of the actual fuel oil purifier system under different working conditions and reproduce various common fault phenomena. The system has been successfully used in crew teaching and training.

The cold drawn 42CrMo steel is taken as an example in this paper, based on the MARC three-dimensional elastoplastic finite element software, the stress-strain distribution in the deformation zone, metal flow and deformation law, friction coefficient, the relationship between die angle of drawing die and drawing deformation force during the drawing deformation of cold drawn 42CrMo section steel are calculated and analyzed. The process parameters are optimized by analysis and experiments.

For a long time, because the analog control system is cheap and easy to use, they constitute all kinds of motor control systems as the main method. However, the physical properties of simulators cause their shortcomings such as short service life and easy influence of external environment, which makes it increasingly difficult to meet the design requirements of modern control systems. After the continuous research and exploration of researchers, the digital control system based on computer came into being and was successfully applied to engineering control. As the carrier of the monitoring system, the computer communicates with the lower computer. The upper computer software is the key part of the monitoring system. Its main function is to read and display the data in the lower computer, including data processing and storage. In this project, the upper computer software of the monitoring system of the mechanical elastic energy storage unit is compiled by using the LabVIEW software launched by the American NI company. It is a powerful graphical programming environment, which is now widely used in various industrial control fields.

Chipless RFID tags have greatly expanded the application range of sensors because of their advantages of passive wireless, and have become one of the research hotspots of sensors. Compared with traditional RFID tags, chipless RFID tags have smaller size and higher sensitivity, and they are also widely used in the field of humidity sensors. In this paper, a chipless RFID tag for humidity sensing is designed. It can be divided into three layers from top to bottom: humidity sensitive material layer, tag resonance unit and dielectric substrate. The humidity sensitive material layer covers the surface of the tag’s resonant unit, and the tag patch unit is placed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate. The tag resonance unit adopts three nested "D" shaped resonance rings. The inner ring belongs to the sensing unit, which is responsible for detecting the environmental humidity, and the outer two rings belong to the encoding unit, which is responsible for the tag identity coding. The effective frequency of the tag is between 3~9GHz, the coding capacity is 4bits, and the frequency shift bandwidth is 100MHz. It has the advantages of no chip, low cost, miniaturization, strong anti-interference ability and so on.

For its ideal approaching Carnot efficiency and wide acceptance of heating resources, Stirling engines are foreseen to be the eternal promise in the future. However, in practical use, Stirling engines still own the drawbacks of high cost and low thermal efficiency. The aim of this article is trying to solve these problems and give advice of how to improve the efficiency and reduce the cost. This article analyses the causes of these drawbacks from three aspects, vibrations, energy loss and regenerators. For each aspect, this article detailly talks about their causes, influence, and solutions. In the end, a comprehensive advice is given to improve the performance of Stirling engines with multiple ways ---- solving vibration problems with the method of ATMD, using β-type or γ-type Stirling engines, modified pistons and sidewall combustion chamber to reduce heat loss, and choosing the proper material and porosity for regenerators for different temperature.

Since Ginzburg and Landau proposed the superconducting model in the 1950s, the method of computer-aided simulation of crystal growth has become more and more common. In this paper, the crystallization process of ice is studied by phase field method combined with crystallization process model and COMSOL software. The influence of different dimensionless latent heat values on crystallization is further simulated, and a conclusion is obtained. The dendrite structure is very sensitive to the change of dimensionless latent heat. With the increase of dimensionless latent heat value, the growth rate of dendrite tip is accelerated, the dendrite tendency is enhanced, and the characteristics of dendrite structure become more and more obvious in the process of crystal growth.

Helical drilling of silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic by femtosecond pulsed laser was studied in this paper. Experimental results indicated that the drilling quality was affected significantly by feeding layers. The varieties of average diameters and circularities of hole at the exit were sensitive than the entrance with different processing parameters, especially at the range of feeding layers from 5 to 25. At this time, the average taper angles also decreased notably. With the increase of feeding layers from 25 to 85, the hole shape was relatively stable at both the entrance and exit sides. The changing trend of average taper angles was similar. Although the increasing feeding layer was conducive to decrease the average taper angles, it was not obvious. This was related to the removal process of generated debris during helical drilling. The contents of Si and O were higher at the cross section near the exit than the entrance. The change of content of C was the opposite. The relationships between drilling quality and efficiency were analysed. In consideration of the drilling quality was not improved significantly with more feeding layers, it was advantageous to select fewer feeding layers in practical application.

In the process of overhead transmission line work, we usually use the manual transmission method to transfer the working tools from the upper tower to the lower tower, this will increase the work of the rope-pulling personnel, and the rope-pulling personnel also do not have sufficient working space, which is easy to produce dangerous. The invention relates to a rope fixture for an electric power system, which is a high-altitude anti-fall steering device. The utility model comprises a cylinder body, a pulley is arranged at the bottom of the cylinder body, a rope passage is arranged in the cylinder body, and a swinging locking tongue is arranged in the rope passage. The utility model adopts a locking tongue pawl structure to control the rope passing in one direction to prevent the rope from going backwards. The pulley guide (steering) is used to make the rope slide smoothly, and the direction of pulling rope is changed from vertical direction to horizontal direction so as to increase the space of pulling rope and reduce the hidden danger of high-altitude work.

With the rapid development of smart grids, live maintenance operations have become more and more important. In order to solve the problem that the human body cannot maintain an effective safe distance from the live body during the live maintenance work of the transmission line. This paper uses the principles of metal threaded buckle connection, telescopic lock connection, and positioning locker connection respectively, and proposes three new types of insulated operating rods. The improvement and innovation methods of operating rods are described in detail.The advantages and disadvantages are analyzed from three aspects of efficiency, economy and safety,and a new 66kVstepless operating rod was developed. The problem of the inconvenience of using the operating lever and the inability to guarantee the safe distance during the maintenance of the 66kV line is solved, the work efficiency is improved, the safety hazard is reduced, and the safe and stable operation of the power grid is guaranteed.

Power grid security is one of the important parts of national public security. With the continuous development of social economy, urban development and residents' demand for electricity is also increasing. Large areas of power grids are interconnected and distributed power sources are constantly connected. The security and reliability of power system have become the primary consideration for the development of power market. Especially if snow and ice disasters and other extreme weather, the maintenance and repair of the circuit power grid is a great test. 10kV distribution line live emergency repair robot mainly through 10kV distribution line live operation process requirements and live operation environment to solve the robot special technology. Developed a live working robot that can realize the power grid repair. This paper briefly describes the system composition of the live emergency repair robot, and then mainly describes the hydraulic mechanical arm, and then analyzes the special tools for the live emergency repair robot of 10kV distribution line.

Small reactor, gas turbine and biomass energy are all important technical directions of energy development. Under the concept of "green, safe and economic" in energy development, aiming at the problems existing in the independent development of the three technologies, the principle of coupling the three technologies to realize the improvement of system energy efficiency through multi-energy complementarity is studied, and the design scheme of small reactor - gas turbine - biomass gas combined cycle system is proposed. The complementary and advanced characteristics of combined cycle system in improving system efficiency, safety, economy, carbon neutrality, users and market are analyzed. This paper studies the outstanding characteristics of economic evaluation model of combined cycle system in adjusting system cost structure, increasing output and availability, flexibly responding to market changes and so on, and puts forward the potential and direction of economic improvement of combined cycle set through analysis and comparison of economic indicators. The combined cycle of small reactor, gas turbine and biomass gas realizes the technology integration innovation through multi-energy complementarity, which has a wide range of environmental protection and social and economic benefits. It provides feasible ideas and schemes for the fine integration of energy structure, and has broad prospects for industrial development.

The dual excitation WPT system has a more complex system structure and system parameters than the single excitation WPT system. In this paper, based on the LCC-S topology, a steady-state circuit model of the system is established, the mathematical relationship between system circuit parameters and system identification parameters is obtained. Identification of system mutual inductance and load parameters is achieved by using Particle Swarm Optimization. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of parameter identification of the dual excitation system are verified by simulation and experimental results.

As an important supplement, rehabilitation training assistive device has a significant effect on the improvement of limb dysfunction in patients with hemiplegia. Most of the assistive devices supply patient with passive movement, which is unable to effectively meet the needs of active lower limb rehabilitation training. To solve this problem, an active rehabilitation training assistive device is developed. Using anthropometry, the static and dynamic dimensions of the assistive device is analyzed to decide the constraints of motion space. The change of foot pressure is selected as the trigger condition of assistive assistance compensation, and the patient - device interaction process is developed based on this. Patients and normal controls are selected for comparative experiments. Walking gait data of healthy leg and affected leg, patient and normal control, affected leg and assistive device correction are collected separately. Compare these groups of data, it can be seen that the main gait parameters of the patient's affected leg after correction have been significantly improved, and are basically consistent with the healthy leg and close to the normal control. The function of the assistive device prototype and the effectiveness of auxiliary training are verified.

A corrosion simulation model of typical seawater piping system is established based on COMSOL which is multi-physical field coupling evaluation software. The corrosion simulation model of typical seawater piping system is establishedacording to the distribution of velocity, streamline, pressure, oxygen concentration and corrosion rate. It’s found that velocity have great influence on oxygen concentration distribution, and thereby cause galvanic corrosion of that oxygen concentration to be different. Aiming at the weak link of pipeline corrosion in simulation calculation, three corrosion protection optimization measure are put forward, such as appropriately increasing that ben curvature of elbow, adopting cathode protection elbow couple by steel pipe and B10 pipe,and adding steel corrugated pipe in front of equipment. These can contribute to the life extension of marine B10 seawater piping system.

In order to explore the influencing factors and the optimal reaction conditions, the effects of different catalyst combinations, reaction temperature, ethanol conversion and C4 olefin selectivity were explored, and the optimal experimental conditions were explored to make the C4 yield as high as possible under different experimental conditions. This paper first carries on the function fitting method to analyze the experimental data, and carries on the correlation analysis. After data analysis, this paper chooses multiple binomial regression to establish a mathematical model, and carries out function fitting on ethanol conversion rate and C4 olefin selectivity. Finally, the function was used to fit the yield of C4 olefin, and the conclusion was obtained by genetic algorithm and data analysis. Without limiting the temperature, it is predicted that in order to maximize the C4 olefin yield, the Co/SiO2 / HAP charge ratio should be between 1 and 2, the reaction temperature should be between 400℃ and 500℃, and the CO load should be between 0.5wt% and 1wt%.

In order to solve the problem that the surface quality of the parts by FDM is poor due to the staircase effect, a new method combining milling and FDM additive manufacturing was proposed. In this study, a composite processing device for additive and subtractive materials was designed for small forming parts. First of all, put forward a set of overall structure design scheme. Secondly, the key components of composite machining device were designed. Then, the designed parts were assembled virtually. Finally, the finite element simulation method was used to analyze the gantry frame and worktable. The results show that the design scheme can meet the requirements of strength and stiffness.

Liquid-metal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow is required for proposed blanket designs in nuclear fusion systems. Tritium breeding and tritium self-sufficiency must be ensured for a functional breeding blanket, hence the effect of heating and magnetic fields on liquid-metal flow must be analysed. A study of two fluid dynamics problems related to nuclear fusion blanket and reactor design were conducted in this paper, which are mixed convection in a straight circular pipe and MHD flow in an insulting rectangular duct to simulate the effects of volumetric heating and strong magnetic field on liquid metal flow characteristics. Self-defined computational models were established for both problems using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4, in which fundamental influences of heat transfer and magnetic field on liquid metal flow were analysed. Both problems were analysed using laminar flow model. The mixed convection problem features a simulation of circular pipe flow of liquid lead-lithium (PbLi) with thermal insulation and heat section in the centre, in which Boussinesq approximation was used in the Navier-Stokes equations. Laminar flow and heat transfer physics are coupled in this case. The MHD flow problem features flow in a rectangular duct with a transverse magnetic field, in which inductionless approximation was used and a self-defined coupling between electric currents and laminar flow physics was established. COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4 was examined to be an efficient and viable numerical tool for the two problems mentioned in the fusion applications.

Automatic welding technology plays a more and more dominant role in the construction of oil and gas pipelines, and incomplete fusion is one of the main defects of pipeline automatic welding, which directly affects the quality and safety of pipelines and the efficiency of on-site construction. In the present paper, SYSWELD software is used to simulate the process of automatic welding of X80 pipeline steel. The effects of wire eccentricity on the incomplete fusion of the hot welding layer were studied. The results show that the eccentricity of the welding wire has the greatest influence on the temperature field. The welding wire eccentrics will lead that some base metals failing to reach the melting point and causing incomplete fusion.

Copper, aluminum and their alloys have been widely used commercially in power industry. A full understanding of thermodynamic and mechanical properties is the basis for the development of these materials. In this work, a series of AlCu intermetallics are studied by first-principles calculations. Their lattice constants, energies and mechanical moduli vary with the composition change. It is found that Al2Cu and AlCu3 are ductile, but Al₃Cu₂ and AlCu are brittle. Al₃Cu₂, AlCu and AlCu₃ all show high mechanical moduli and hardness than Al and Cu. Among these intermetallics, AlCu has the highest hardness and should be the most effective strengthening phase. These results are expected to provide the guideline for the future property optimization on copper clad aluminum composites.

Copper was one of the initial metals to be used by human. Because of its good ductility, thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity, copper is still widely used today. Typically, the processing of dealing with copper is to melt it and then cool it down into the desired shape. Therefore, the accurate measurement of copper melting point will make a great contribution to industrial production. In this experiment, we simply use LAMMPS to simulate both the copper’s melting process by using pair distribution function to determine the copper crystal melting point and using the Liquid-solid coexistence method to determine the melting point. Therefore, the result is that the melting point obtained by heating from lower temperatures to higher ones is approximately higher than 1300K, and it is 1349.73K by using Liquid-solid coexistence method.

Slow strain rate tensile corrosion (SSRT) of B+F X80 pipeline steel in simulated near-neutral and acidic soil solution were investigated. SSRT results show that the stress corrosion of B+F dual phase X80 pipeline steel in acidic soil solution is more sensitive. The loss of section shrinkage and elongation of B+F dual-phase X80 pipeline steel after SSRT in acidic soil solution was 1.49 and 2.62 times of those in near neutral soil solution. In acidic soil solution, the stress corrosion cracking mechanism of X80 pipeline steel is intergranular fracture induced by pitting under corrosion products. Crack nucleates at the bottom of corrosion pit and propagates along the weak path--grain boundary. In near neutral soil solution, the crack is originated from inclusions and propagated mainly transgranularly. Multi-pit connection forms propagation path and some cracks propagate at two stages.

In this paper, a kind of inductive hot correction coil for sheet welding deformation is proposed. In this scheme, COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software is mainly used to analyze the electromagnetic - stress coupling of the thin steel plate with size parameter of 1000 mm×600 mm×6 mm, so as to explore the influence of different coil forms on the temperature field and correction effect. The results show that for the longitudinal magnetic flux rectangular coil, the temperature field distribution is uniform, but the temperature rise efficiency is lower than that of the transverse magnetic flux circular coil, and the clamping of the workpiece is inconvenient. Under the action of the offset longitudinal magnetic flux rectangular coils and transverse magnetic flux rectangular coils, the temperature field distribution is not uniform, and the deformation trend of the workpiece cannot achieve the purpose of correcting the welding deformation. Under the action of transverse magnetic flux circular coil, the workpiece's temperature rise rate is fast, the temperature distribution is even, the cooling process is gentle, and the correction effect is good. Considering the thermal efficiency of the coil, the effect of correction and the convenience of correcting the large-size sheet, the transverse magnetic flux circular coil was finally determined to be suitable for the deformation correction of the sheet after welding.

The acoustic emission combined with pattern recognition technologies are increasingly applied to identify the damage modes of composites, among which the stability of acoustic emission signal is undoubtedly the basis of the damage identification. This paper studied the acoustic emission signal stability of epoxy resin matrix commonly used in polymer matrix composites, focusing on how the signal characteristics are influenced by the signal propagation distance of the acoustic emission. The experimental results show that as the propagation distance of the acoustic signal increases, the absolute energy, peak frequency, and centroid frequency decrease regularly, whereas the amplitude and energy change irregularly.

In molecular dynamics simulation, the phase transition is a rather complex process, and the melting point of materials simulated often deviates greatly from the experimental reported ones. Therefore, this article simulates the phase transition temperature of silicon and tries to reduce the influence of the large error from the simulation results. We use the StillingerWeber (SW) potential to simulate the solid-liquid coexistence method and the direct heating method are used respectively to compare and simulate the melting process of silicon. The influence of atomic number on the solid-liquid coexistence simulation process of melting point is discussed, and the influence of time step and potential function directly on the melting process is further discussed. Finally, we tried to modify the SW potential function to get better results. The selected computer algorithm has been further discussed in the section "Inverse fitting Analysis".

Based on the requirements of the basic track of the Seventh National College Students' engineering training comprehensive ability competition, this thermal energy driven vehicle designs and makes a self moving energy driven vehicle with direction control function, and the energy used to complete all actions is converted from gravity potential energy, and it is not allowed to use any other form of energy. This paper describes in detail the design process of the potential energy driven trolley with cam mechanism as the steering mechanism and gear transmission as the main driving mechanism. Finally, based on the structural design and motion simulation, the real car is made, and the actual walking track of the car is confirmed through debugging and modification.

Laser fuse additive manufacturing is a new manufacturing technology, it is widely used in automobile, aerospace and other fields. However, to obtain high efficiency deposition in additive manufacturing process, hump and other defects are prone to occur. The change of process parameters will lead to the change of heat transfer flow of molten pool, and the change of temperature will lead to the change of thermal physical parameters, which will lead to the formation of hump defects. In order to study the influence of thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity on hump defects. In this paper, a threedimensional transient numerical model is established to analyze the heat transfer of molten pool, fluid flow and the formation of hump defects. The results show that when the thermal conductivity is smaller, the viscosity coefficient is smaller, the flow phenomenon in the molten pool is more intense, and it is easier to form the hump defect. The results are helpful to guarantee the deposition quality of laser fuse additive manufacturing.

Based on Coupled Eulerian and Lagrangian (CEL) method, a modified dynamic viscosity formula varying with temperature is proposed for simulation of high temperature Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) droplet solidification process. The fluid structure coupling finite element model is established by using Lagrange element to describe the substrate and Euler element to describe the droplets. The numerical simulation shows the propagation morphology of droplets on the substrate and the variation of propagation coefficient with time. Compared with the experimental results, the model and the modified formula are reliable. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the application of high temperature plasma spraying to prepare thermal barrier coatings in engineering.

Three-dimensional numerical investigation was carried out on array circle cooling key equipment of the hot rolling to understand the flow characteristics for the diverse construction and process parameters. Results show that inside medium velocity of initial large round tube is uniform, and there is no obvious difference in the length direction. The maximum flow velocity is at the outlet of the small circular nozzle of the manifold, and the uniformity of medium velocity of each array circle nozzle along the width direction is good. The pressure in the transition chamber decreases but not obviously after the horizontal partition is added. When the space of intermediate cavity is large enough, streamline ring will be formed in the highly dense tube.

Rolling contact fatigue characteristics of 55 medium-carbon steel provided by two different steel mills have been investigated. The results indicate that the rated contact fatigue life (L10) of steel A is higher than that of steel B. All samples show typical contact fatigue characteristics with spalling, delamination, pitting and debris. Moreover, all samples show specific fatigue propagation characteristics which is consistent with the rolling direction of the steel ball. The frequency of the inclusions B, D and Ds in steel B is significantly higher than that in steel A, which have great influence on the contact fatigue life.

Ultra high performance concrete pole has been widely applied in many provinces of China because of its high strength, excellent toughness and good durability. The carbonation resistance of uHPC will directly affect whether the performance of concrete in the electric pole is reduced and whether the steel bar can be better protected from corrosion. In this paper, the model making of C100 ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) electric pole is described. It is concluded that the concrete cured by uHPC electric pole has excellent carbonation resistance, can keep the high performance of UHPC concrete for a long time and effectively protect the steel bars in concrete from corrosion, thus ensuring the durability of uHPC electric pole in complex service environment.

The application of VO₂ is limited by its phase transition temperature from metal to insulator. In this work, a two-step hydrothermal method was applied to explore the thermodynamic properties of Nb-doped VO₂. In this way, the temperature of metal-to-insulator transition was largely reduced from 71°C for pure VO₂ to 34°C for Nb-doped VO₂. Furthermore, based on the first principles calculation, we investigated the lattice and electronic performances for pure and Nb-doped VO₂. The calculations indicated that the difference between monoclinic and metallic structure of Nb-doped VO₂ became less than those of pure VO2, which was caused by the displacement of Nb atom. This change played a key role on decreasing the phase transition temperature. In addition, the results of density of states showed that conductivity of Nb-doped VO₂ didn’t change too much.

The nuclear power molten salt reactor of heat storage metal tank and fluid pipe are usually consumed by corrosion in high temperature chlorinated environment, and the structure material thickness design reference for the corrosion rate is critical. This work focused the compatibility study of high Cr-Co-Ni-Si type HR160 superalloy with molten KCl-MgCl₂/air corrosion at 700°C for 4-240 h. By XRD, SEM and OM observation analysis and mass recording curves showed that the corrosion rates curve of HR160 was parabolic in 96 h, the corrosion rate was in the range of 1~2.5 mm/a between 15~63 μm uniform corrosion product layer in 96 h. The mass loss was mainly due to the oxidative chlorination of Cr elements, and the outer shell layer was a porous film structure of MgCr₂O₄ corrosion products peeled off by the corrosion products with the growth of immersion corrosion time. The second outer uniform corrosion product layer was dominated by Mg₂SiO₄ and Si oxidation reaction. Low viscosity molten salt through the porous at high temperature, sparse corrosion products layer continues to contact with the substrate uniform corrosion, and the reaction generated by the high mobility of chlorine gas, which penetrate the oxidation layer and the formation of low melting point volatile metal chloride with the alloy.

With the miniaturization of feature size, size effect is the main problem in micro forming process and material behavior. In the paper, the size effect of foil thickness on deformation behavior and fracture was investigated by using uniaxial tensile test of 316L stainless steel sheet. The tensile fracture morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy, and the fracture mechanism of samples with different thicknesses was discussed. The results show that when the thickness of sample is reduced to 0.1mm, the yield strength increases significantly and the elongation decreases significantly. The fracture of 2mm thickness sample is similar to that of cup cone. The fracture of 1mm and 0.6mm thickness sample is serrated, and the fracture of 0.1mm thickness sample is uniform

Conventional cutting fluid is commonly used in the cutting process of iron-based superalloy. However, cutting fluid is easy to cause environmental pollution and cutting costs increasement. In this paper, turning experiments on superalloy GH2132 were carried out with three different coolants, namely, cutting fluid, liquid nitrogen (LN₂), and liquid carbon dioxide (LCO₂). The cutting force, specific cutting energy, surface roughness and cutting ambient air particulate concentration were analysed. The results show that, compared with cutting fluid, LN₂ is more effective in reducing the cutting force. The specific cutting energy under LN₂ is reduced by 25.3% at v = 40 m/min, ap = 0.3 mm and f = 0.1 mm/r. When the feed rate is 0.2 mm/r, the surface roughness under LCO₂ can be reduced by 42.4% than the cutting fluid. In addition, the use of LN₂ and LCO₂ can reduce the concentration of PM_2.5 by 64.1% and 81.7%, respectively.

To apply magnetic fluid in the hydraulic transmission medium, it is necessary to study the influence of magnetic fluid medium on the temperature rise characteristics of hydraulic system. Hydraulic oil based magnetic fluid was prepared by a two-step method. While the viscosity characteristics of prepared magnetic fluid with different concentrations were tested, the temperature rise characteristic of the 0-90min hydraulic circuit was also examined and analyzed. The results show that the temperature of the magnetic fluid hydraulic medium rises fast at first, then the rising rate slows down which will rise dramatically again after passing a certain point. Under the same conditions, the higher the magnetic fluid concentration, the greater the heat of the hydraulic system. It is considered that high temperature rise is the main problem in the development of magnetic fluid as hydraulic medium. The mechanism of heating should be further studied and the preparation technology should be improved.

The content of this article derives and solves in detail the vibration differential equation of elastic thin plate and the natural frequency calculation formula of simply supported rectangular thin plate. The natural frequency of simply supported rectangular thin plate is calculated by the calculation method of Ritz theory. At the same time, combined with the finite element software ANSYS calculates and analyzes the natural frequency of the elastic thin plate. The results show that the analysis and calculation of the finite element software can not only solve the engineering problem faster, but also the accuracy of the result is reliable.

In order to obtain a wide "field of vision", ATC radar stations are often located in areas with frequent strong winds in mountains and islands, and may be attacked by extreme weather such as typhoons. In order to ensure all-weather startup of the radar station, extreme wind speed conditions shall be properly considered in the structural design of lightning rod of ATC radar station. Taking the lightning rod of an Island air traffic control radar station as an example, taking the wind speed of 80m / s as the check condition, a single steel pipe independent lightning rod with annular section is designed. The wind load value under extreme wind speed is calculated systematically. Considering the bearing capacity limit state condition and normal use limit condition, the detailed structural calculation of lightning rod support and connector is carried out. The calculation results show that the structural strength and deformation of lightning rod can meet the requirements of the code.

Based on the forced vibration of the two-degree freedom system, analyze its natural frequencies and main vibration mode, and solve the dynamic response of the system by using Newmark-beta method. Research findings: Be same with the single degree of freedom, the natural frequency and main vibration mode of the two degree of freedom system are also its inherent properties. The natural frequency is only related to its own stiffness coefficient and the distribution of machine mass, and it has nothing to do with external load.

Our country is a brick of pottery and porcelain products such as the production of power, as the area all the way and the globalization of economy, according to the information published by China building sanitary ceramics association, 2020, our country's building ceramic floor tile of wall of the annual output has been achieved 8.474 billion ㎡, with a higher ratio of glazed brick, with the surface of the tile glaze layer coverage, relative reserves sufficient raw materials can be used as a body, especially in recent years, the concept of environmental protection gradually into the public view, carbon emissions, carbon peak, such as carbon neutral policy gradually, ceramic plate, such as concept and standard of releasing rock plate, with the advantage of competition trend of timber and natural stone material and has the preliminary. The surface wear resistance of glazed brick is a relatively important performance. According to the actual use scenario, accurate matching of wear resistance can promote the improvement of the quality of glazed brick, and also play a favorable role in reducing the use and loss of scarce high-quality resources, which has important economic and social significance. National standard GB/T 3810.7-2016/ISO 10545-7:1996 For determination of wear resistance of glazed ceramic tiles -- Test methods for ceramic tiles -- Part 7: the determination of surface wear resistance of glazed brick has limitations in real scene experiments, and it is difficult to evaluate the wear resistance of various glazed surfaces objectively and accurately. In this paper, after the in-depth study and analysis of the experimental evaluation methods of the wear resistance of ceramic bricks, it is proposed for the first time to express the wear resistance comprehensively and objectively by the optical properties: color change. It makes great contribution to the evaluation system of abrasion resistance of unglazed brick and glazed brick.

As SF₆ mixture gas gradually replaces pure SF₆ gas as insulation gas for switch equipment, the decomposition products of SF₆ mixture gas such as Quantitative analysis have been put on the agenda. Although SF6 gas mixture is similar to high purity SF₆ in physical chemistry characteristics, there are great differences in decomposition product gas analysis algorithms. If we still use high purity SF₆ gas decomposition product detection equipment and algorithms, the result will cause the quite big measurement error, can not satisfy the measurement precision request. The Gas chromatography can be used for quantitative and qualitative analysis of the characteristic gas components of the decomposition products by valve switching, selection of supports, and optimization of chromatographic conditions. The Sulfur hexafluoride Gas chromatography enables the detection of decomposition products of Sulfur hexafluoride gas mixtures under laboratory and field conditions. It is convenient to find and deal with the defect and hidden trouble of the equipment, and carry on the comprehensive condition evaluation. This can not only ensure safe and stable operation, but also provide technical support for power grid construction.

Component classification is the basis and origin of equipment reliability management process. For production management, reasonable allocation and optimized utilization of maintenance resources at nuclear power plants, classification management should be implemented on components to ensure safe, stable and economical operation of units at nuclear power plants. Based on equipment reliability management (AP-913) system, this paper provides classification identification rule and identification method process of Chinese improved pressurized water reactor (CPR1000) units and verifies it by combining with application cases and finally provides application direction of classification results, which provides important references for component classification management of nuclear power plants at home and abroad.

The high cost of membrane modules and the inevitable membrane fouling are the two key factors restricting the industrial application of MBR technology. By introducing dynamic membranes to replace traditional membrane modules, the novel dynamic membrane bioreactor (DMBR) can effectively save operating cost. However, how to avoid membrane fouling under long-term operation remains to be studied. The main purpose of this research is to study the effect of intermittent electric field on membrane fouling and pollutant removal in a DMBR. The results showed that the membrane fouling rate was significantly reduced by 33% under intermittent electric field condition. The average removal efficiency of COD, NH₄⁺-N in the reactor with intermittent electric field was increased by 4.0%, 8.7%, respectively. In addition, the content of cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP, a typical second messenger molecule) was reduced under electric field condition, thus reducing the amount of the extracellular polymeric substances. This study would provide the design and operational information of DMBR under the intermittent electric field.

As a clean energy source, solar energy has been mainly applied to solar power generation with broad application prospects. Due to the present tense situation of land use, solar power generation generally resorts to the existing buildings for the power generation-building integration. For the buildings with newly added photovoltaic power generation equipment, whether the existing buildings meet the relevant bearing capacity requirements after the addition of equipment loads should be checked. The load calculation for photovoltaic power generation equipment has not been specially expounded in any national code. Therefore, the design standards used are varied. In this study, a relatively conventional load calculation method and an evaluation method for buildings’ bearing capacity were proposed after comparing the calculation results by reference to domestic (Chinese) and foreign existing design experience and relevant codes currently in force.

In view of the problems of high cost of drilling coring, affecting drilling speed and explosive sidewall coring, which changes the original state of rock and destroys the sidewall, the rotary sidewall coring method is used in the field, and from the angle of coring recovery, the formation factors, instrument factors and well condition factors affecting coring recovery are analyzed. Through the analysis of these factors and combined with the experience of field operators, the coring harvesting rate is effectively improved during construction. It is suggested that a coring instrument which can control the orientation of the instrument be designed. For the same depth point, the coring instrument with push arm can be designed in different directions, and the coring device with push arm can be installed on the push arm. To reduce the influence of diameter enlargement, it lays a foundation for the improvement of coring instrument.

Typically, the inertial measurement unit data fusion of accelerometer and gyroscope sensor data requires integrals of the angular velocity, which inevitably leads to error accumulation. In this paper, a new measurement model to extract the jerk of a system based on the current noisy acceleration and angular velocity is proposed. Because this method uses the current angular velocity directly, it can effectively avoid the error accumulation in the integration process. Then, under the constraint of the obtained jerk, a new denoising algorithm to recover the acceleration of the accelerometer is proposed. Experimental results show that the jerk extraction method has good ability to resist noise interference, and the proposed denoising algorithm can obtain the acceleration accurately and restrain the accumulated error.

With the rapid development of China's socialist market economy, the technologies in the field of civil aviation continue to improve. More and more advanced technologies have been introduced to the design and construction of civil aircraft, greatly increasing the complexity of the civil aircraft structure. In consideration of the high reliability and safety requirements on the structural design of civil aircraft, designers need to carry out system engineering in strict accordance with relevant regulations, control the performance and quality of each component in the structure, and pay attention to corresponding manufacturing issues to ensure the structural design quality of the civil aircraft. In order to achieve the goal of civil aircraft structure design and based on the system engineering problems in the civil aircraft structure design, this paper is to briefly explain the system engineering in the design and its cycle model and to deeply explore the system engineering requirements and other system issues in the civil aircraft structure design.

The mixing temperature of rubber-modified asphalt pavement is even as high as 190℃, which not only consumes a lot of fuel oil and natural gas, but also generates a lot of harmful and toxic substances such as greenhouse gas and asphalt smoke. In this study, rubber compound modified asphalt was selected as the cementing material. Use mechanical foaming method to prepare warm-mix rubber asphalt SMA mixture and conduct road performance research. The results show that as the rubber powder mesh of the rubber powder modified asphalt increases, the expansion rate and half-life of foamed asphalt increase. The rubber asphalt prepared by using 60 mesh rubber powder has a mechanical foaming rate of 6 times and a half-life of more than 300s. The various road performance indexes of the warm-mix rubber asphalt SMA mixture are equivalent to those of the hot-mix rubber asphalt SMA mixture. The performance of the warm-mix rubber asphalt SMA mixture can meet the technical requirements of the specification (JTGF40). Mechanically foamed warm-mix rubber asphalt can slow down the aging of asphalt materials and improve the effect of compaction due to the reduction of mixing and compaction temperature. After 5 freeze-thaw cycles, the water stability is still comparable to that the hot-mix rubber asphalt mixture.

The performance index of the speed control loop which is affected by characteristic index of electromechanical system model is analyzed theoretically in this article, and the influence of friction on the time domain characteristic is studied. The influence of friction on the servo system performance is directly analyzed by simulation analysis. According to the simulation result, we can see that when the static friction force is very small and there is little difference between Coulomb friction and static friction, the influence of friction interference on the step response of the system is reflected in the system delay mainly, and the adjustment time of the system has little change;when the gap between static friction and Coulomb friction is large, the step response of the system will be completely changed.

Nano-confined fluids have many unique features different from bulk properties, which have attracted a lot of attention. In the existing contemporary papers, the research on the mass transport properties of nano confined water has produced different results. Based on Molecular-dynamics(MD) simulation and from the perspective of central limit theorem, this paper discusses the methods to reduce the statistical uncertainty of MD. Based on the Einstein relationship, it is found that the mass diffusivity of fluid under nanoconfinement increases monotonically.

In order to improve the problem of multi-channel and high-speed synchronous data sampling, a Broadband Signal synchronous sampling system of the inside and between boards is designed. It includes high-speed ADs with auto synchronous function, the synchronous sampling technology of between boards, analog light-module, digital light-module, GTX(Gigabit Transceiver) transmission technology. It ensures multi-channel synchronous data sampling and the phase coincidence indicator. Insides, the system can be realized easily and has stable synchronous performance and good extensibility. It can be widely implemented in area such as SAR, radiometer, phased array radar and so on.

In recent years, the high efficiency and other advantages of isothermal engine have attracted more and more attention, and the research of isothermal cycle engine is more and more in-depth. So the concept of ITB is put forward in order to realize the multi-stage expansion reheat process in the expansion stage and increase the engine cycle work. In this paper, ITB in turbojet engine is taken as the research object. The working principle of Interstage-Turbine Burner (ITB) is introduced in this paper, and we studied some influencing factors and improvement schemes for ITB. Research shows that: The scheme of ITB at present mainly uses the ultra compact combustor (UCC). And adopting different gas parameters, such as equivalent ratio, inlet mass flow splits, or changing the UCC structure, such as install throttle plate, as well as changing the cavity shape, will impact on engine performance. And adjusting the different parameters can make the engine performance optimal. At the same time, the Trapped-vortex combustor (TVC) in ITB can make the UCC perform better.

With the development of economy and the intensification of human activities, the generation and emission of greenhouse gases are becoming more and more serious, which has a great impact on human society. In order to detect the concentration of CO₂, the main component of greenhouse gases, a photoacoustic spectrum gas detection system is designed by using infrared light source, photoacoustic cell and other equipment. By modulating the light source, the photoacoustic signal proportional to the gas concentration is obtained to measure the CO₂ gas concentration. The experimental results show that the detection system has stable performance and has good linear response characteristics, which can detect different concentrations of CO₂.

Although there is abundant geothermal energy in deep reservoirs, it is still a challenge to effectively extract the heat from hot dry rock (HDR) rather than the geofluid. In this research, a 800 m pipe is added to the 2000 m deep borehole heat exchangers (DBHE) to form a novel three-layer DBHE system. Through different operation modes, this system can realize heat extraction from the bottom of the well in winter and heat storage from the middle of the well in summer. Therefore, it is easy to use deep geothermal energy to achieve heating in winter and cooling in summer. For five consecutive years of numerical simulation results, this system can provide 191.6, 187.5, 185.2, 183.7 and 182.2 kW of heating in winter. On this basis, the cooling capacity of the system in summer is 49.5, 48.5, 48.2, 48.0 and 47.9 kW. In addition, cooling in summer can also improve the heating capacity of the subsequent winter by 1.4%-2.5% in five years. The energy storage efficiency also increases from 5.6% to 9.4%.

With emphasis on sustainable development, absorption system has attracted more attention for its potential being a green air-conditioning system. However, its application is limited to low energy efficiency because of heat dissipation in regeneration. To address this issue, a capacitive deionization (CDI) regeneration method has been proposed: it achieves the deionization and regeneration with electric power and reaches better performance with energy recovery strategy. Present investigations are mainly confined to experimental conditions, which lacks effective analysis on system performance. Hence, this paper has analysed the CDI regeneration method with numerical stimulation, which could expose the mechanisms of mass transfer and help in optimization of system. Two-dimensional model has been established and its reliability has been verified experimentally. The CDI dynamic stimulation has revealed the concentration distribution of ions during adsorption. For better performance, different charging voltages have been compared to find out the optimum value. The numerical results indicate that the ions concentration on the boundary increases significantly and the maximum COP could exceed 3 based on the optimum parameter of CDI unit.

In this paper, the main characteristics of the testing equipment in sanitary ware industry as well as the outstanding characteristics of variable frequency constant voltage technology and other pressure control technology are described. Then take the bathroom industry part of the testing equipment requirements as a case, several pressure control methods are compared and analyzed. Finally, by comparing the results, the importance of frequency conversion constant voltage technology in sanitary ware industry testing equipment is expounded.

In order to solve the problem of large deformation in turning of LF2 aluminum alloy gasket, a double-tool mirror turning processing technology was proposed. Locking processing parameters is the key factor to control processing deformation. The test plan was designed using the Latin hypercube method, and the experimental results were analyzed and prediction model was established; aiming at the problems of traditional firefly algorithms that are easy to fall into local optimization and slow convergence, an improved firefly algorithm is proposed to solve the optimal processing parameters with the minimum deformation as the goal. After actual processing verification, the optimized calculation results and actual processing results are similar, and both meet the requirements of use. The proposed method has practical engineering application value.

Socket welds are widely used for small diameter pipelines in nuclear power plants due to their ease of assembly and welding. However, feedbacks show that a large number of failures caused by vibration have occurred in the welds, which clearly demonstrates that their ability to resist high cycle fatigue is particularly weak. After failure analysis, from the view of engineering practice and application, the countermeasures are put forward and discussed, including adopting butt weld instead of socket weld in the construction stage of the new unit, implementing vibration diagnosis and treatment measures, carrying out proactive reinforcement by overlay, and using phased array UT for in-service supervision.

Recently, ever-increasing requirements of the application environment with respect to working efficiency, environmental adaptability and energy efficiency, it is impossible for traditional active heat dissipation technologies to adapt to the needs of modern electronic components which are miniaturised and highly integrated. To achieve high heat flux conduction in micro spaces, for example, it will significantly reduce the utilization ratio of internal space of electronic components if we use traditional cooling techniques such as wind cooling and water cooling. In this and similar applications, a heat dissipation system which can improves both heat flux density and utilization ratio of space is urgently needed, while efficient heat-dissipating coatings can perfectly fit for this application requirement, addressing the limitations that problems of heat dissipation present in the development of this realm. In this paper we review the research status of efficient heat-dissipating coatings at home and abroad and analyse the rational application of heatdissipating coatings, especially those working in infrared radiation mode, under different requirements.

The topological insulator is characterized by insulating bulk and conducting surface states, which is a kind of new solid material. Different from traditional solid materials, topological insulator is protected by time-reversal symmetry. The special structure of topological insulator gives it special properties, such as non-dissipative electrical transmission and high carrier mobility, which make it potential for a wide range of applications in a large number of fields. This paper describes the development of topological insulator starting from von klitzing's discovery of the quantum Hall effect [1], followed by a brief description of several methods of synthesizing the topological insulator and characterization of its properties, finally introduces its applications in three fields: photodetectors, spinctronic devices, and field effect transistors.

1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is a good solvent with high solubility, high boiling point and high selectivity, which is widely used as a coating solvent in the preparation of cathode materials in the production of lithium-ion batteries. Since NMP is a costly solvent, and the waste gas containing NMP produced in the production process will cause pollution to the environment, it is necessary to recover NMP waste gas. In this paper, we studies the research technologies of NMP in lithium-ion battery production industry and draws some orientation.

With the continuous progress of science and technology, in order to reduce drivers caused by human factors of road traffic safety accidents; Improve traffic efficiency and alleviate serious traffic congestion; Reduce the heavy driving burden of drivers, make travel more relaxed and happy; Provide new means of travel, so that some inconvenient driving people can facilitate travel; Research, promotion and application of artificial intelligence technology in the automotive industry to achieve industrial upgrading. The research, popularization and application of automatic driving vehicles have an important and profound influence. This article has reviewed the development of self-driving cars intention including its historical development and has ongoing research and development of part of the car company, analyzes the existing automatic driving technology including the autopilot system and software and research self-driving cars now progress, through the introduction and analysis of the automatic driving test accident, put forward the deficiencies and problems. Finally, the future development and improvement direction are put forward.

Aiming at the lack of effective safety distance monitoring means in the live working process, the intelligent auxiliary live working safety monitoring and early warning technology is studied. A real-time live working safety distance monitoring and police method based on 3D point cloud technology and Beidou positioning technology is proposed. Through the unmanned air vehicle equipped with the lidar point cloud data acquisition system and the multi-lens oblique photography sensor, the point cloud data of the tower and line in the live working site are collected to establish the three-dimensional map of the working environment. The laser point cloud technology is used to draw the three-dimensional electronic fence on the three-dimensional map to simulate the early warning area of the working site. The human body positioning model of field workers is established based on multi-antenna Beidou high precision positioning technology. By calculating the distance between the human body positioning model and the boundary of the three-dimensional electronic fence in real time, the safety distance monitoring and early warning of live work are realized. Through the accuracy test on the safety distance monitoring and early warning device tower, it is found that the head and foot positioning accuracy is the highest, and the deviation is kept within 0.16 m. The experimental results verify the accuracy and reliability of the safety distance monitoring and warning system, which can be applied to the actual live operation.

With the increasing dependence on power distribution systems, new survivability methods are needed to reduce the impact of disasters on power distribution systems. As the software-defined network (SDN) promotes the programmability of the network, it contributes to improving the disaster resistance of the power system. The existing SDN controller architecture is optimized only for limited failures, and does not consider the problem of large-scale power distribution disaster failures. In order to solve this problem, it is proposed here to design the control plane as a virtual network, and use distributed perception and centralized decision-making to solve the problem of disaster resistance.The appropriate controller mapping is selected on the physical network so that the connection between the controllers and the switch to the controller will not be damaged by the physical infrastructure failure caused by the disaster. . The experimental results show that the proposed method has better disaster resistance. [1]

In order to solve how to scientifically decompose the province's wind power and photovoltaic power consumption capacity to lower-level administrative regions, combined with the practical planning and application, this paper proposes two new energy consumption and decomposition strategies at the city and county levels. One is the calculation strategy based on regional power balance calculation, and the other is the development scale allocation strategy based on provincial wind power and photovoltaic power development goals. The results of these two strategies are different, so in practical planning and application, factors such as power system itself and external policies should be taken into overall consideration.

System monitoring is a process to collect, evaluate and analyze various data related to system performance, so as to realize system performance monitoring, trend analysis and health evaluation. This paper researches system monitoring based on Maintenance Rule (MR) and Equipment Reliability Process Description (AP-913). This paper also introduces the background and concept of system monitoring; provides implementation process of system monitoring that is applicable to Chinese nuclear power plants; analyzes the key elements of system monitoring scheme development; takes monitoring program development of a typical system as an example to discuss the difficulties during development process; evaluates and summarizes application benefit of system monitoring scheme. Both international and domestic practice show that system monitoring for important systems in nuclear power plants can verify the effectiveness of current preventive maintenance strategies, ensuring that system equipment could satisfy its performance requirements under the designed condition. In addition, system monitoring could help prevent unplanned trip in nuclear power plants, improve availability and reliability of system equipment and provide technical support for sustainable improvement and long-term strategies of plants.

With the proposal of China's "two carbon" strategy, it is very important to promote the development of new energy represented by wind power and photovoltaic in order to achieve this goal. However, due to the intermittent and fluctuating characteristics of distributed renewable energy such as wind energy and solar energy, its large-scale grid connection would have a great impact on the safe and stable operation of the power system. Virtual power plant could integrate all kinds of distributed energy, its organizational structure was more suitable for distributed power grid connection, and then reduced the impact of the randomness and volatility of distributed generation on the operation and scheduling of the main network, which met the development requirements of active response of active distribution network. This thesis summarizes the concept, development status, operation control key technology and typical application of virtual power plant, and introduces in detail the application examples of demonstration project of virtual power plant in northern Hebei Province. Finally, the prospect of virtual power plant is put forward.

Regarding the two types of high-voltage AC cable transmission and flexible DC transmission commonly used in offshore wind power transmission, the technical and economic aspects are compared, and the characteristics and problems of the two types of transmission methods are summarized. Based on the life cycle cost analysis, the equivalent transmission distances of the two types of power transmission methods are calculated and analyzed. Combined with the current status of offshore wind power development in Jiangsu Power Grid and the mid- and long-term planning plan, the recommended power transmission plan for each regional wind farm group is studied and proposed.

With the access to broad-based demand response (DR) resources such as large-scale electric vehicles (EVs), customers are responding to demand under the influence of various incentives in the electricity market, which will change load characteristics and affect load forecasting. This paper proposes a zonal load forecasting for EVs based on DR, using wavelet decomposition(WD) to form seasonal base load and DR dominant part load for similar days, dividing the area where EV charging stations are located into residential, work and public zones, using support vector machine regression methods to forecast for residential and work zones, and using time series models to forecast for seasonal For the public area, a time series model is used to forecast the seasonal base load, and a grey forecasting model is used to forecast the dominant part of the DR, and Markov correction is applied to the forecast results. By comparing with the traditional method, the proposed method proves its effectiveness and accuracy in forecasting the load of EV charging stations with demand response.

How to maximize the income is an important problem for the investment and operation of energy storage power stations in the power market environment. For an independently operated energy storage power station, the optimized operation strategy of its participating market is studied. Firstly, the feasibility of energy storage participation in the power market is analyzed from the construction policy of our power market. Then, based on the previous market price forecast, the operation strategy model of the previous market considering the reserve capacity in the reserve market is established. The calculation results show that the proposed operation strategy can effectively improve the energy storage market revenue.

Under the initiative of sustainable development, electric vehicles enter the automobile market and gradually gain popularity. However, the vehicle battery—the power source of these new-born cars—is found to have deficiency in its working duration, which limits the usage of electric vehicles to a large extent. Drivers may be trapped on overpasses due to sudden power insufficiency. Moreover, it takes owners a great amount of time, money, and energy to repair or replace their electric vehicle batteries frequently. To solve this trouble, former researchers have suggested numerous potential strategies. This paper mainly focuses on analysing the feasibility of four common solutions about expanding the lifetime of electric vehicle batteries—intermittent charging, temperature control, power maintenance of idle batteries, and driving speed control. By explaining the principles behind each method and considering from various perspectives, such as technological implementation, economic affordability, and security, the author lists the respective advantages and disadvantages of each approach and tries to find the most practical one. Finally, temperature control is determined to be the most feasible based on comprehensive inspection. Admittedly, these four methods all require further improvement to become more effective, but they still hold great significance because of their exploration on extending battery longevity and their supporting role for future study.

Achieving the double carbon target is a well-thought-out strategic decision made by the CPC Central Committee and a major national strategy with overall, comprehensive, fundamental and long-term characteristics. With the dual carbon target, the power system needs profound changes. As one of the earliest countries in the world to initiate the transformation of energy and electricity, Germany has a wealth of high proportion of renewable energy power system operation and management capacity. This paper analyzes the general situation, management experience, technical experience and supporting market experience of German power system, which provides reference for China to construct a new power system with new energy as the main position under the dual carbon background.

The power industry is the pioneer of energy conservation and emission reduction in China, and energy conservation and emission reduction serve as one of the most important tasks in China. According to the characteristics of the diversity of power sources, many scholars in China have studied the power carbon footprint and obtained some progress results. In accordance with the current situation of the power industry in Zhejiang Province, based on the net primary productivity model, the IPCC carbon emission method is used to form an applicable power carbon footprint calculation model. The results show that the power carbon footprint of Zhejiang Province increased from 8.399×10⁶ hm² to 9.659×10⁶ hm² and then reduced to 5.821×10⁶ hm² , while the carbon footprint of natural gas power has increased year by year, from 0.022×10⁶ hm² to 0.185×10⁶ hm² , and the carbon footprint intensity of power decreased from 17.75×10^-4hm² ·10000 yuan^-1 to 9.01 ×10^-4hm² ·10000 yuan^-1, indicating that the diversity of power structure in Zhejiang Province is increasing day by day. This paper provides a theoretical basis for energy structure optimization and has a certain application prospect and policy reference value.

By analyzing the physical form, management form, economic form, mechanism form and industrial form of the new power system, this paper proposes thirsty indexs to form a new power system evaluation index system. It contains six aspects about a new energy supply system, a new pattern of energy allocation, a new form of energy consumption, a new models of energy storm, high levels of energy technology and high efficiency of energy mechanisms. This paper provides calculation models through a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. This evaluation index provides a set of objective guidelines for government energy authorities, power energy companies and demand-side users to evaluate the effectiveness of new power system construction, which will help achieve the national carbon peak and carbon neutral goals.

Replacing coal with electricity is a national key livelihood project. In the field of energy conversion, the more electric heating is popularized in northern China, the less environmental pollution caused by loose coal in winter, and the more beneficial it will be to improve the quality of life of residents. Therefore, how to absorb these high-power green electric energy substitutes with little or no capacity increase in distribution network has become an urgent problem to be solved by State Grid Corporation of China. This paper puts forward an intelligent management technology that can make distribution transformers use clean electric heating in the form of over-capacity, On the premise of ensuring users' heating comfort, letting the distribution network accept more new electric heating load in the way of no capacity increase or less capacity increase on the existing basis will contribute to the wide promotion of electric heating and contribute to the early realization of "carbon peaking and carbon neutralization" in China.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the practical fixed-time stability of discrete-time networks systems. The proposed stability is appropriate for the discrete-time systems and real applications. In general, the autonomous systems with disturbance are not easy to achieve the objective. Thus, the sliding mode control approach is applied to achieve the stability. Then the main results are presented. Finally, the effectiveness is illustrated by a numerical simulation.

With the continuous development of the new power system under the "double carbon" goal, the peak load regulation pressure of the power system will continue to increase, and the existing peak load regulation capacity is slightly weak. As a flexible means of peak load regulation, energy storage is urgently required for deep peak load regulation. With the rapid development of electrochemical energy storage technology, the time-space power characteristics of large-scale energy storage system can be used to enrich the peak shaving control means of power grid, improve the power supply reliability of power grid, and enhance the renewable energy consumption capacity of Northeast China. This paper analyzes the current situation of northeast auxiliary service market, studies the participation of energy storage as an independent operator in Northeast electric power auxiliary service market, and obtains the new energy consumption capacity and income of largescale energy storage application in Northeast China through two typical daily scenarios, By analyzing the effect of deep peak shaving of large-scale electrochemical energy storage in 2030 and 2035, it is concluded that under the condition of high permeability wind power integration, large-scale electrochemical energy storage participating in deep peak shaving has very good effect, and can obtain very observable benefits through auxiliary service market. The research results can provide reference to the investment.

Because of the wide application of domino circuits in processors and memory, circuit workers have invested a lot of time and energy in domino circuit design. Firstly, the design idea of the domino circuit is summarized based on previous research, including the structure, the working process, the possibility of low consumption, and the anti-interface of a domino gate. Then this paper focus on how to achieve low power consumption in three ways. With the continuous progress of semiconductor manufacturing technology and the continuous reduction of tube size, high performance means the leakage current is increased. But too much leakage current reduces the anti-interference capability of the circuit. This paper summarizes several ways to get high performance with low consumption domino circuit design. After that, this paper discussed the cause of process parameter fluctuation and its effect on the sub-threshold leakage current were studied. But the effect of gate leakage current was not considered, so the parameter of a domino gate and the research direction in the future. Finally, the research discusses some challenges and problems.

Due to the low energy density of the electric field around the 220V power line, the energy harvester cannot directly drive the wireless sensor node (WSN). In order to ensure the work of WSN, this paper presents a self-switching energy management circuit that can control the charging and discharging of the storage capacitor and stable voltage output. Experimental results show that, with the help of the electric field energy harvester based on double-layer copper foil electrodes, the process of repeated charging and discharging is realized and the conversion efficiency is up to 60.9%.The low-power WSN is successfully driven for 880ms in the test.

This paper addresses the autonomous landing control of FanWing. FanWing has good slow flight capability that shares certain fundamental features of both a fixed-wing aircraft and a rotary aircraft results in short take-off and landing (STOL) capability and no stall with a large angle of attack. FanWing is an aircraft configuration that uses a simple cross-flow fan mounted in the wing to provide distributed propulsion and augmented wing lift at very low flying speeds, leading to the high coupling of the attitude control and the altitude control. A control solution based on the pitch angle rate is proposed to obtain the pitch attitude stability control. And the combination control of the elevator and the fan wing is proposed to actualize the stability control of the longitudinal attitude and height control.

This paper proposed a method for evaluating the oil-paper insulation of transformers based on wavelet analysis and probabilistic neural network (PNN). First, the six-layer decomposition of daubechies 6 (db6) is performed on the depolarization current spectra to obtain the signal components of each frequency band. Then, the signal components of each frequency band are used to generate energy feature vectors; further, the energy feature vectors generated from more than 50 transformers with different insulation states are used to build a training sample set to train a probabilistic neural network and construct a PNN-based evaluation method. Finally, the method is used to evaluate the insulation of the testing sample set. The results show that the proposed method based on wavelet analysis and PNN can quickly and effectively evaluate the aging state of transformer oil-paper insulation, and can provide new ideas to evaluate the insulation of transformers using depolarization current.

The handling process system is the key factor affecting the overall layout, efficiency and cost of automated container terminals. In order to study the technical development direction of automatic container terminal handling technology system, this paper studies and compares the technology of automatic container terminal handling technology and handling equipment. According to the analysis results, the technical problems that need to be solved in the future are putting forward, which can provide reference to the planning and construction of automated container terminals.

Stirling engine is an external gas turbine. Its requirements on working medium pressure and manufacturing materials make it rarely used in civil industry, but its high thermal efficiency, low noise and small footprint make Stirling engine widely used in military industry. For example, as a engine powered by out-sourced heat, it is usually used in the nuclear submarine. This research mainly focused on the using of Stirling engine in solar-thermal power generation system. The system uses a series of optical devices to focus solar energy into the engine's hot chamber, where it is converted into heat for generating electricity. Because the system can use thermal storage technology, molten salt is used to store the heat of sunny days to achieve a smooth power output when the sun is not providing enough heat. In this article, we discussed the difference between different types of solar-thermal power generation system, do research and preliminary experiments to compare their efficiency and abilities. The main research of this paper is solar Stirling engine. Firstly, we research four different types of solar-thermal power generation system: central receiver, parabolic through，Dish-Stirling and the Fresnel type. Secondly, we do some preliminary experiments in order to compare the power between the Dish-Stirling system and the Fresnel system. But, because of the bad weather we decide to replace the sunshine by candles. Finally, we do the conclusion of the whole research. In this study, ANSYS Fluent 14. 5 software was used to conduct numerical research on the β Stirling engine model without regenerator, and it was found that the performance was best when H2 gas was used as working medium. The Stirling engine was replaced by a non-ideal adiabatic method. In this study, non-ideal adiabatic analysis and the second edition of non-dominant sequencing genetic algorithm were used to optimize the efficiency and power loss of Sterling system heat exchanger. The α Stirling engine was chosen for cost reasons, as many parts from industrial mass production can be used. Necessary repairs to Stirling engines can be done by standard garages. The engine used an electric furnace as a heat source, and was tested with air and helium. The operating characteristics of the engine in the range of heat source temperature 700-1000°C and charging pressure 1-4. 5bar are analyzed. Hium achieves maximum power output at 1000°C heat source temperature and 4 bar charging pressure 128. 3W.

The traditional short-term load forecasting is not accurate in the extraction of meteorological factors, which leads to make prediction accuracy low. To fully explore the influence of meteorological factors on electrical load and effectively utilize the advantages of deep learning technology in nonlinear fitting, a short-term electrical load forecasting method based on two-way long short-term memory network taking meteorological factors into account is proposed in this paper. After the outliers of the original data were removed and standardized, the key factors affecting the power load were fully excavated by using the K-Neighbor-Nearest (KNN) algorithm, and the data sequence was reconstructed. After setting the hyperparameter of the neural network, the Bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM ) network model is built to realize the short-term high-precision prediction of power load. The simulation results show that, compared with BiLSTM and LSTM, the combined method of KNN and BiLSTM mentioned in this paper has higher prediction accuracy.

Designing a stable attitude control algorithm is an eternal topic in aircraft control. Based on solving such problems, the model of UAV ontology of the experimental system was simplified in this paper firstly, and then three groups of feature points was selected on the basis of the simplified model. Secondly, analysis and parameter selections of each layer of the height control loop were carried out with the idea of root locus. Finally, the computer simulation experiment was carried out on the algorithm of the designed height control system. It was shown from the experimental results that the designed algorithm is stable and reliable.

In order to understand the fault state of distribution network in time, a set of automatic early warning method for emergency repair of distribution network operation state is developed. By identifying and collecting the real-time operation status of the distribution network for emergency repair, identifying the allowable hidden dangers of the distribution network, positioning and early warning processing, and optimizing the early warning steps. Finally, the experiment shows that the automatic early warning method for the operation status of the distribution network for emergency repair has high accuracy and timeliness, and fully meets the research requirements.

The heat balance algorithm can evaluate the influence of a individual factor alone, and overall economic influence can be calculated through simulation. Therefore, the heat balance algorithm can be the basis of our weighting algorithm research, helping us to find the relationship between data. Calculating the effect of a individual factor on the economics of the unit also grasps the level of influence of a certain factor change on the overall unit. The purpose of studying the weighting algorithm is to analyse the effect of the above factors economically and analyse the association among them. With the three and four transformation measures, by validating the data, it is found that based on the heat consumption income of individual transformation measures: back pressure optimization < cylinder efficiency improvement < waste heat utilization < low pressure cylinder efficiency improvement < medium pressure cylinder efficiency improvement < High pressure cylinder efficiency improvement < external steaming cooler. The heat consumption benefit value of the above-mentioned transformation technical scheme can be calculated based on the maximum benefit (back pressure optimization transformation).

With the wide application of flexible direct current (DC) technology, protection of flexible DC converter station plays a key role in the stable operation of the system. However, there is currently no mature tool for flexible DC protection test in regular maintenance. This paper firstly analyses the topology structure and operation mode of Zhuhai "Internet +" smart energy demonstration project and takes Tangjia Station as an example to analyse its main wiring and key equipment. Then, according to the protection principle of the converter station, three protection areas are divided, namely alternating current (AC) protection area, modular multi-level converter (MMC) protection area, DC protection area. Finally, flexible DC control and protection in the Tangjia station are studied, and a protection test method based on IEC 60044-8-FT3 message is proposed. The actual test proves that the method is effective.

With the continuous development of The Times, the high-voltage live operation technology is also constantly improved. The problem of high pressure charged mechanical arm optimizes the power system for this aspect, which makes it more convenient for people to use in high pressure operation. This paper studies the development of the monitoring system in the high voltage charged operation through the design of the arm, posture algorithm and simulation experiment.

Traditional relay protection methods for doubly-fed wind farms have the problem of phase current distance protection mismatch. As a result, the protection boundary is too small. A relay protection method of doubly-fed wind farm considering the transient characteristics of wind power is designed. The flux equation was substituted into the voltage equation to obtain the differential current parameters of the double-fed wind farm, extract the transient characteristics of wind power, reduce the electromagnetic torque command value of the generator, adopt the connection mode with zero sequence compensation, adjust the interphase current distance protection, set the minimum threshold for the current vector, and design the relay protection mode of action. Experimental results: average value of relay protection boundary of the relaying protection method of the double-fed wind farm in this paper and the other two relaying protection methods are 57.888%, 41.955% and 38.397% respectively. Indicating that the relaying protection method of the doublefed wind farm considering the transient characteristics of wind power has better performance.

The multi-scale, multi-physical and chemical SOFC working process couples flow, mass transfer, reaction and heat transfer together. This paper studies the distribution characteristics of physical quantities inside industrialized reactors. A fully coupled multi-field model of a full-size battery short stack is established, which truly reproduces the distribution of various physical fields inside the stack, and analyzes the impact of the shunt on the stack, illustrating the importance of full coupling of the stack model components. It has important reference significance for understanding and studying the close relationship between stack working conditions and discharge performance. The research results show that the inhomogeneity of the stack is mainly caused by the inhomogeneity of the flow field.

The fault current through ground grid would cause maldistribution of ground potential rise, with the harm of transfer potential between the substation and outside concerned about more than Substation Interior Transfer Potential. Taking the two events of lawn fire in 220kV Enping Substation for example, by calculating the transient ground potential rise distribution inner the substation during 110kV Entian Line single phase ground fault outside the substation, we point out the substation interior transfer potential would form a high transient potential difference, there brings a high risk of spark discharge if the conductors are close enough. The solution against substation interior transfer potential is given based on insulation, such as the better management of low-voltage lines and keeping enough distance between the lawn and ground conductor, the full-metal outgoing line frame also in favor of the ground potential difference improvement.

The environment of this society is getting worse and technology is thriving. Electric vehicles (EVs) are being invented to solve the emission and energy problems. However, due to the inadequate ability of the battery, EVs cannot travel longdistance and the charging process is taking hours to be done, people are still preferring traditional vehicles. Results indicate that Range Extenders (REs) will significantly increase the mileage of EVs and maintain a relatively low amount of pollution. In this article, internal combustion engines (ICEs), free-piston linear generators (FPLGs), and fuel cells (FCs) are compared through different experiments like controlled variables, researches, and computer simulations as REs from scholars around the world. The results show that ICEs have relatively low efficiency and high emission, FPLGs have high efficiency but with detent force, FCs are environmentally friendly but they are dangerous and cost a lot. Advantages and disadvantages are coexisting under current conditions, but the future of the Range Extender Electric Vehicle (REEV) is still bright and foreseeable.

The health degree of transmission tower directly affects the security and stability of power system because of its complex operation environment. In this paper, a health degree evaluation method of transmission towers based on Game Theory is proposed by selecting evaluation indexes from the structural performance of transmission towers, and the same time the economic risk of evaluation indexes and the objectivity of failure frequency are considered. The health degree of 220kV transmission tower is analyzed and calculated under strong wind condition, and its health degree is judged to be in normal state. The advantage of this method is that it can comprehensively evaluate the health degree of transmission towers from multiple perspectives.

The electric power of nuclear power unit is mainly limited by the seawater temperature of external factors. When the seawater temperature rises, in order to avoid the thermal power and the opening of high-pressure regulating valve exceeding the limit, the unit operator must reduce the set value of electric power accordingly so as to affect the output of the unit. The internal operation parameters of the unit, such as main steam pressure, are more affected by the primary circuit, which is relatively stable and rarely fluctuated. To solve this problem, a regression model based on Stochastic Forest algorithm is established for the relationship between seawater temperature and electric power settings on the opening and thermal power of high pressure regulating valve. The predicted value of seawater temperature at a certain time and the set value of electric power gradually increasing from the smaller value are input into the random forest regression model so that the opening and thermal power of the high-pressure regulating valve output by the model at that time just do not exceed the limits of the operation regulations of the power station. The maximum electric power setting value that makes the opening of the high-pressure regulating valve and the thermal power just not exceed the limit is taken as the optimal electric power setting value at that time. Experiments show that the effect of this algorithm is more prominent than the traditional calculation methods, and the accuracy of the actual value of high-pressure regulating valve opening and thermal power meets the requirements. The research content of this paper promotes the application of smart turbine technology in the field of nuclear power, and has reference significance for the construction of nuclear power smart plant.

Stay cables are an important part of cable-stayed bridges, with characteristics of its low quality, stiffness and damping, among which rain-wind-induced vibration brings the most serious damage in its high amplitude because of its easy conditions to meet. Based on the wind-rain-induced vibration theory of cable-stayed bridges, this paper introduces the wind-induced vibration and control measures of cable-stayed bridges, and the research methods of cable-stayed wind-rain-induced vibration. The results show that: Only when the upper waterline is at a position angle of 40°~70°, the aerodynamic coefficient changes significantly, and galloping may occur. From the perspective of wind resistance, a stay cable with a larger spiral parameter K1 and K2 between 0.01 and 0.03 should be selected according to the actual situation.

In order to achieve the requirements of energy conservation, environmental protection, and sustainable development, it is necessary to seek safer and greener secondary power supplies to be applied to the DC system of substations, and to be equipped with an online monitoring system to achieve better results. This article focuses on the performance advantages of lithium iron phosphate batteries, analyzes its feasibility as a secondary power source, and studies the significance of its replacement of lead-acid batteries. At the same time, the design, architecture and core technology of its management and monitoring system Analysis.

With the advancement of technology and economic development, more and more high-rise buildings and super high-rise buildings are emerging. The problem of wind and seismic resistance of buildings has become more prominent, and the tuned mass dampers, which can effectively control the vibration of buildings, have received a number of attention and research from scholars. Tuned mass dampers belong to the category of structural vibration control technology, which is relatively mature in theory and has a significant damping effect, and is widely used.This paper introduces the working principle and developing history of tuned mass dampers. Then, this paper summarizes mainstream design forms that are widely used and some cutting-edge design of tuned mass damper, and points out some aspects of design that still need to improve in the future.

In the past decades, it has been shown that redox flow battery (RFB) is an eco-friendly and sustainable energy storage system with the capability of storing renewable energy sources such as wind energy and solar energy. This technique is useful in large-scale energy storage at a relatively low cost. After the immature first generation of redox flow batteries such as iron-chromium redox flow battery, considerable technological progress has been made on the second-generation iron-based redox flow batteries. This article will focus on the new research and development of the first and second generation RFBs; the crucial findings that lead to the significant improvements in the batteries will be further explained; the disadvantages of the iron-based redox flow battery are also included, and finally, the challenges and future outlook will be discussed.

Through recent decades, people have tried to find more environment friendly and efficient energy sources. Solar energy is one kind of these sources. This paper is a research paper which shows the development of third-generation photovoltaics multi-junction solar cell. It is based on analysis of several other published papers about multi-junction photovoltaics. And this paper talks about some background information about different generations of photovoltaic, shows basic principles behind multi-junction solar cell, and some today’s applications of multi-junction solar cell. Through this paper, great efficiency and wide application of multi-junction solar cells are reflected. Thus, the great potential behind third generation photovoltaics can be shown.

Basing on the event of pole2 exit in Luquan station,which caused the power drop of Gaopo station pole2, this paper introduced the functions of three-terminal DC pole exit and pole-pole power transferr , analyzed the reason of power drop of pole 2 in Gaopo station, illustrated the defects in the design of pole exit function and inter-pole power transfer function, and propounded some improvement measures for the design and operation of HVDC project.

Due to long-term exposure to the atmosphere, the solid suspended particles in the air will deposit on the surface of the insulator to form a pollution layer. When encountering humid weather conditions, the pollution layer will form a thin conductive layer when it is damp, which will reduce the insulation level of the insulator and result in a pollution flashover. Pollution flashover seriously threatens the safe and stable operation of the power grid. It not only has a wide range of impact and a long duration, but also causes serious economic losses. In-depth research on insulator pollution and monitoring methods, and the design of online monitoring equipment for pollution discharge based on voiceprint technology is of great significance to suppress pollution flashover accidents. Based on the phenomenon that the pollution discharge of insulators is accompanied by acoustic emission, this paper designs a voiceprint recognition intelligent online pollution discharge monitoring device, which can accurately and effectively collect the insulator discharge sound signal, make judgments on the pollution status of the insulators, and reduce the occurrence of pollution flashover trip faults.

Compared with ordinary batteries, new energy batteries are more suitable for vehicles under the current technical conditions, so they have a wide range of applications. The performance of new energy batteries in daily life is often unsatisfactory. However, after they are applied to new energy vehicles, the disadvantages of new energy batteries are gradually eliminated due to scientific charge and discharge management, and the advantages are obvious. This paper starts from the development history of new energy,the battery technology of new energy electric vehicles is deeply analyzed, and the dynamic analysis of battery charge and discharge in new energy electric vehicles is carried out.

The failure of water chiller will cause a series of problems such as increasing energy consumption, decreasing comfort of users and decreasing life of equipment. The fault diagnosis of the chiller has an important role in the stable operation of the air conditioner. In order to improve the fault diagnosis level of water chillers and solve the problems of difficulty in determining the parameters of neural network and great randomness, this paper presents a fault diagnosis method of long short-term memory (LSTM) network based on whale optimization algorithm (WOA) optimization. The fault diagnosis performance was verified by RP-1043 dataset, and compared with the results of recurrent neural network (RNN) and BP neural network. The results show that the WOA-LSTM method can effectively identify five typical chillers, and the diagnostic accuracy is as high as 99.27%. Compared with RNN and BP neural network, the proposed method is helpful to detect faults as early as possible and reduce the loss. It is especially obvious to improve the detection efficiency of small faults and complex faults.

Lithium ion battery becomes the first choice of energy storage because of its high energy density and long service life. The safety, operation, state estimation and residual life prediction of lithium ion battery system are managed by battery management system (BMS), so BMS is very important for the use and stability of battery system. The battery system represented by power battery was focused on, and the application of data-driven method in BMS system was summarized. The characteristics of electrochemical model, equivalent circuit model and data-driven model of BMS electrical model, and the application scope of electrical model, thermal model, thermal electrical coupling and thermal electrochemical coupling model of thermal modeling were summarized. The application of Kalman Filter, neural network, vector machine in SOC estimation was introduced, particle swarm optimization, Hi-DD-Adaboost. RT (inequality drift detection adaptive enhanced learning/threshold regression algorithm) and Kalman filter were applied to SOH estimation in terms of remaining life prediction, empirical prediction, filtering prediction and time series prediction were introduced.

According to the performance requirements of the battery pack for the DC system of the substation, this article describes the feasibility and applicability of the lithium iron phosphate battery used in the DC system of the substation. Focus on the safety and environmental protection of lithium iron phosphate battery packs in use, and optimize the design of battery packs and packaging to achieve the best use effect of lithium iron phosphate battery packs in the field of backup power supplies.

In recent years, the number of new energy vehicles in China has continued to increase. Since 2018, the increment of new energy vehicles has exceeded 1 million for three consecutive years [1]. By the end of 2020, the number of motor vehicles in China has reached 372 million, including 4.92 million new energy vehicles and 4 million pure electric vehicles. It can be seen that Chinese new energy vehicles, especially pure electric vehicles, are growing at a high speed. However, it accounts for only about 1% of the total stock [2]. At present, one of the most important factors limiting the development of electric vehicles is the poor charging experience, the main performance is the long charging time. In order to solve the problem of long charging time, various enterprises have put forward their own solutions. At present, DC high-power super charging and power exchange are the main methods. This paper analyzes the advantages, disadvantages and safety of the two ways of rapid energy supplement, and looks forward to the follow-up development.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the characteristics of shell and tube heat exchangers and their relationship to flow direction. The second experiment is designed to elucidate the effect of temperature on heat transport and the effect of various exchange types. Calculation of overall heat transfer efficiencies is necessary to determine the most efficient condition. To achieve maximum efficiency, a higher flow rate combined with counter current flow operation should be used. Nonetheless, as the flowrate increases, the overall efficiency of the plate heat exchanger decreases significantly. The logarithmic temperature is a critical parameter in designing an efficient counter current shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The overall efficiency of the heat exchanger and the amount of heat emitted increase as the logarithmic mean temperature difference increases. Multiple factors contribute to discrepancies in results. Because stream pressure can influence operation efficiency, it is necessary to conduct a pressure analysis during operation. It is necessary to regulate the flow rate to avoid overloading the operation. Additionally, fouling deposition is a frequent cause of efficiency loss. Routine performance checks, cleaning, and maintenance all contribute to the heat exchanger's reliable operation.

Under the new situation, with the continuous advancement of the reform of the power system, the operation and maintenance investment management of substations has gradually developed in the direction of "intelligence and intensive". Therefore, strengthening the scientific nature of substation operation and maintenance management and improving the lean nature of substation operation and maintenance investment has become one of the development goals of cost investment management for power grid companies. Based on the current status of substation operation and maintenance investment management, this paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system and evaluation method for the operation safety risk of substation equipment, and combines the comprehensive evaluation scores of different substations to determine the annual operation and maintenance investment allocation quota for each substation, thereby improving substation operation and maintenance The scientific nature of input allocation.

Through the self-built lithium-ion battery combustion and fire extinguishing platform, with lithium iron phosphate battery as the research object, two parts of the test of thermal runaway of lithium-ion battery and water mist fire extinguishing were carried out. Analyze temperature changes and harmful gas products of battery thermal runaway, and further analyze the fire extinguishing effect of water mist with composite additives, providing technical support for fighting lithium-ion battery fires. The results show that with the increase of SOC, the earlier the thermal runaway time is triggered, the higher the surface temperature of the battery, and the harmful gases such as CO and NO will also increase. Among them, the maximum concentration of CO produced by the thermal runaway combustion of a 100%SOClithiumion battery can reach 3638 ppm, and the amount of NO is very small and does not change much. Comprehensive analysis of the fire extinguishing mechanism and effect of the ternary composite solution from the aspects of battery temperature change, fire extinguishing time and cooling rate, it is found that the SDBS-FC4430-Na2CO3 solution with a mass ratioof1:2:1.5 has the highest fire extinguishing efficiency, and EL90 is the second additive when used as an additive.

The issued Chinese national standard GB / T 34590-2017 "Road vehicles - Functional safety" modified ISO26262 which have been widely introduced into automotive industry in the world, and this paper describe the methodology how to be implemented on the Rechargeable Energy Storage Systems (RESS) of new energy vehicle. The item definition based on a typical RESS architecture of electric vehicles is presented, hazard analysis and risk assessment and the safety analysis method of HAZOP are carried out on vehicle level, scenario analysis and safety goals are concluded by consider the operating conditions and environmental constraints of the new energy vehicles.

Cyber-Physical System is (CPS) is a system that integrates computing and physical processes. It is considered to be the next computing revolution that will change the way we interact with the world. However, the identification and detection of interactive faults in CPS is a major challenge. To this end, this paper proposes a new fault detection method based on STPA for interactive faults in CPS. The method constructs a control model of the system through PHAVerLite, which constructs continuous physical processes and discrete computing logic into state machines. Then injecting interactive faults into the model, and verifying whether the interactive faults cause hazards through reachability analysis. Finally, the method is applied to a railway crossing control system, and the results show that the method can successfully detect interactive faults in CPS.

The airstair system of civil aircraft is used to improve the adaptability of the aircraft airport. How to evaluate the airstair system to meet the safety design requirements is a new challenge for the aircraft. According to the design scheme of the airstair system, the main functions of the airstair system are analysed in detail by using the fault tree analysis method. The established fault tree is used for qualitative analysis, and the result shows that the design of the airstair system can meet the requirements of safety.