This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 13226, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, and Conference Committee information.

This article studies the calibration method of blood transfusion and infusion heating device, which will provide effective reference for the metrological performance evaluation of the device. Calibration methods for key technical parameters of the device, such as temperature indication error, temperature fluctuation, and temperature uniformity, are designed. 7 different types of blood transfusion and infusion heating devices widely used in the hospital are selected to evaluate the feasibility of the calibration method. The calibration results prove that the designed calibration method for blood transfusion and infusion heating device can improve the metrological traceability system of the device, ensure the safety and effectiveness of its performance, and reduce clinical risks.

In structural health monitoring, patch antenna sensors are frequently employed. Yet, the adaptability between the transmitter and the sensor often remains overlooked in current wireless monitoring paradigms, engendering challenges in real-world applications. This study introduces a design methodology that utilizes horn antennas as a wireless excitation source, recognized for their superior characteristics. Concurrently, the metal ground plate of the patch antenna sensor serves as the signal-reflecting entity. The design aims to address the aforementioned adaptability challenges in wireless monitoring of metal structure cracks. Results demonstrate a pronounced linear correlation between the resonance frequency alteration of the horn antenna reading sensor and the variation in metal structure crack length. Notably, a crack detection sensitivity of -100 MHz/mm is observed as crack lengths range from 1.5 mm to 4.5 mm. Detection sensitivity, however, diminishes with increasing wireless monitoring distance. Nevertheless, a compelling linear association between resonance frequency variation and crack length remains evident. Given this persisting linear relationship between resonance frequency deviation and crack growth, it is imperative that wireless monitoring distances be strategically determined in accordance with crack detection sensitivity for engineering implementations.

Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) servo systems was widely used in industrial servos, automation, and other fields. With the advancement of industrial technology, high demands have been put forward for the response capability of PMSM servo systems. This paper addresses the issues of slow response speed and steady-state errors that traditional servo motor position closed-loop control systems might produce. The inadequacies of using conventional PI regulators for feedback closed-loop control in control systems requiring high-precision positioning has been analyzed. Starting with constructing a mathematical model of the PMSM, A simulation model has been built for the vector control system of the servo motor and designed speed feedforward and acceleration feedforward controllers. By setting up an experimental platform for the PMSM servo drive system, The significant effect of the designed feedforward controller on improving the fast response ability of the position and reducing the steady-state error of the position was verified.

With the development of industry, the manipulator of CNC machine tools has been paid more and more attention in the machining industry. Compared with traditional machine tools, the machining center can complete a variety of processing more efficiently. It is obviously of great significance to study the tool-changing manipulator of the CNC machining center. The manipulator designed in this paper is a CNC boring machine tool changer manipulator, which realizes the tool change of the CNC boring and milling machine through the CNC cam and the mechanical arm structure. The time for completing a tool change is 2.5 s. The ‘locking’ and ‘relaxation’ states of the tool change are mainly completed by the top column, spring, and positioning the top column in the hook hand. The motion trajectory of the manipulator is realized by the double cam linkage structure of the spherical cam and the plane cam. The motion simulation of the manipulator is realized by the CAE motion simulation function of UG10.0.

This study utilizes UG NX software for designing the exterior louver shading devices of the glass dome and establishes a virtual prototype. On this basis, computer-aided design tasks such as motion simulations and finite element analyses are carried out to exhibit the product’s mechanical structure, process, and performance. The finite element analysis results of louver blades demonstrate that adding several ribs can enhance the blades, which can alleviate stress concentration, lower the maximum stress and displacement values, and improve the partial pressure resistance. Thus, the product structure of louver blades is optimized, providing valuable feedback for manufacture and reducing the research and development timeline.

The coal mine ventilation system is a very important part of coal mine safety production, which can ensure the circulation of air in the mine, eliminate harmful gases, reduce the concentration of coal dust, and ensure the safety of miners. The stable operation of the ventilation system is crucial to the safe production of coal mines. The traditional coal mine ventilation system has many problems, such as low control accuracy, slow response speed, and susceptibility to interference. Therefore, designing a coal mine intelligent ventilation system based on STM32 can intelligently sense the mine environment and improve the control precision of the ventilation system, to better ensure the safe production of coal mines. Meanwhile, STM32 has the advantages of low power consumption, high performance, and easy development, which is very suitable for the design and implementation of coal mine ventilation systems.

In this paper, a forced air cooling all-solid-state DC circuit breaker (voltage level DC750V, rated current DC1000A) for low-voltage distribution system is developed. Its core heating component is IGCT assembly, which consist of 2 IGCTs in parallel and 2 IGCTs in reverse parallel, then assembled with a radiator, which is composed of press-blocks, gravity heat pipes and heat fins. The test results show that the heat dissipation scheme can meet the requirements of all-solid-state DC circuit breaker.

Automated production line technology is of great significance for the development of intelligent manufacturing in China, and is an important means and approach to promote the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry and achieve intelligent manufacturing.The automatic processing devices is an important component of an automated production line. It plays an important role in improving production efficiency, optimizing production processes, reducing labor costs, improving product quality, and promoting industrial upgrading. In this paper, a design of automatic processing device is introduced, and the selection and design of processing table mechanism, processing stamping mechanism, linear guide rail mechanism, pneumatic fingers, cylinder mechanism, pneumatic circuit design and debugging methods, PLC control work flow chart design are described in detail. The device has the characteristics of high automation, stable operation, high precision and easy control. It can accurately and efficiently complete the specific processing of materials, and has a certain reference value for the design of automatic production line.

High density MCM(Multi Chip Module) design is the direction of microwave circuit and system. In the study of frequency transformation module,when both signals are input simultaneously, the off-band signal affects the in-band gain.The possible causes of the gain subsidence at individual frequencies were comprehensively analyzed and verified.The mixer’s output signal has multiple frequencies. The test proves that adding a low-pass filter after the mixer is effective. It and the subsequent circuit amplification and band pass filter constitute an effective frequency selection and amplification network.The problem is solved, and the performance specification of the module is improved to meet the design requirements. The influence of these characteristics should be concerned in advance in the practice of broadband chip amplifier, and similar corresponding measures should be added in the design of MCM module.

In order to improve the ability of DC voltage withstand and local discharge test, this paper designed the first domestic 2400kV/30mA DC non-local discharge test device with the world's advanced level, which fills the gap of domestic 1000kV and above voltage test ability. The whole set of equipment adopts tower structure and modular transportation, which can be quickly built on site and improve working efficiency. Since the whole set of equipment is very heavy and high, this paper carries out strength check and simulation of the base frame support components from the perspective of mechanical engineering, and carries out 8 level wind strength check on the whole. The designed device meets the strength requirement.

The Green transportation is especially important as energy scarcity and air pollution from exhaust fumes from fuel vehicles become more and more serious. Electric vehicles have the advantages of non-pollution, low noise, high efficiency and simple structure, which will surely become the mainstream of transportation. Brushless DC motor as the drive motor of electric vehicles, it is much more efficient than the traditional brushed DC motor, can reach 80-90% high efficiency, in the same volume than the brushed DC motor output more power, with higher power density. Due to its simple structure, the maintenance and repair of a brushless DC motor is easier than that of a brushed DC motor. Therefore, this paper designs a brushless DC motor control system for electric vehicles, which is characterized by simple structure, high stability, good starting characteristics, precise speed control and low cost. In this paper, the design of the AT89C51 microcontroller as the main controller, through the microcontroller to generate pulse width modulation (PWM) signals to control the brushless DC motor, the drive circuit uses the H-bridge, the output of variable duty cycle pulse wave (PWM) to control the drive circuit, so as to make the motor for forward and reverse rotation. Twisting the electric car grip, the Hall element inside changes the magnetic field, resulting in a change in the output voltage of the grip, thus adjusting the output duty cycle and realizing speed regulation.

In order to improve the production efficiency of self-leveling cement, an automatic control system of self-leveling cement mixing device based on PLC was developed. The self-leveling cement mixing device is controlled by PLC and HMI touch screen. With the weight sensor as the measuring element, the error between the measured flow data and the set value as the input, and the motor speed of the screw conveyor as the output, the automatic control of the loading process of the self-leveling cement mixing device is realized by PID control algorithm, which ensures the precise dosing of the self-leveling cement. The experiment shows that the system can effectively realize the batching and mixing of self-leveling cement, ensure the batching ratio of self-leveling cement in large area construction, and the overshoot is small, and has good anti-interference ability.

Nickel-based superalloy is a typical difficult material to be machined. During deep hole drilling of superalloy, high friction force, high cutting temperature, severe tool wear and difficulty in chip removal are easy to be produced. In this paper, based on metal cutting principle and using Deform-3D finite element simulation software, the machining process of Inconel 718 nickel-based superalloy drilled by BTA bit was simulated. The mechanical model of BTA bit, the material model of superalloy and the finite element cutting model was established. The simulation experiment of BTA drilling Inconel 718 was designed, the simulation experiment was carried out by using Deform-3D finite element software, and the distribution of cutting temperature and cutting force under given drilling parameters was obtained.

This paper presents a permanent magnet discrete pole cluster adaptive manipulator. It describes the composition structure, analyzes the force distribution, conducts electromagnetic simulation of the push rod’s working condition, and carries out theoretical analysis of the grasping mechanism of the manipulator, Finally, a control scheme for the manipulator is designed.

As the aging of the population intensifies, how to better care for bedridden elderly or patients with physical disabilities has become an urgent issue. This paper focuses on the design of a multifunctional care bed, which can help patients realize functions such as back elevation, leg bending, turning, toileting, and bathing. First of all, we designed the overall structure of the care bed to ensure the realization of each function. Then, the care bed model was built by using SOLIDWORKS, and the dynamic analysis and mechanical analysis of the care bed mechanism were carried out by using this model. According to the dynamic analysis, we obtained the motion change curve of the care bed under different functions. we conducted a finite element analysis of the important mechanisms of the care bed, and tested the strength of its parts. The results show that each mechanism operates stably and the experimental value is much smaller than the yield strength of the material. Consequently, it could meet the design requirements and bring convenience to the people.

The straightness of the rail track not only affects the running speed and comfort of the train, but also leads to violent noise and damage to the accelerated train, and even endangers the traffic safety. Therefore, the detection of the rail straightness is crucial to the maintenance of the track. This paper designed a rail straightness detector based on laser displacement sensor. According to the detection requirements of rail straightness, through the design of the detector structure and hardware and software, the manufacturing of the mechanical structure of the experimental prototype and the debugging of the software system were completed. And the detection accuracy of the detector was tested experimentally. The results show that the rail straightness detector has the characteristics of reliable detection performance and many detection points, which provides technical support for the rail straightness detection.

At present, the mixing of sea cucumber bait mainly relies on manual labor, which has problems such as low mixing efficiency, poor uniformity, and high labor intensity. In order to solve the above problems, a sea cucumber bait mixing device has been designed and optimized based on flow field analysis. Use Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software to numerically simulate the agitating device for sea cucumber bait. By combining the mass conservation equation, momentum conservation equation, and standard k of the fluid- ε Equations are simulated and calculated under certain boundary conditions and simplified conditions. Analyze and compare the velocity vector maps, turbulence intensity contour maps, and the changes in turbulent kinetic energy on specific positioning lines (line1, line2) in different types of agitator blades and stirring devices; The optimization design of the mixing device wall was carried out, and the velocity vector map, velocity cloud map, and turbulence kinetic energy changes on the specific positioning lines (line1, line2) inside the mixing device were analyzed and compared between the new wall mixing device and the original mixing device. Through the above analysis and comparison, it was found that the 45° pushing down inclined blade propeller has a better disturbance effect on the convection field in the mixing device than the 45° pushing up inclined blade propeller. The installation of a semicircular tube shaped baffle on the wall of the mixing device greatly improves the various characteristics of the fluid in the flow field. The optimized design of the sea cucumber bait mixing device includes a 45°pushing down inclined blade paddle and a semicircular tube shaped baffle installed on the wall of the mixing device. This article provides a detailed description of the fluid properties in the internal flow field of the sea cucumber bait stirring device, providing reference for the optimization design of the sea cucumber bait stirring device in the future.

In this paper, we proposed and demonstrated a facile process that leverages wax printing technology for fabricating highresolution molds for microfluidic devices. Traditionally, microfluidic devices are made from photolithography-fabricated molds, involving complicated and expensive equipment, reagents, and highly skilled personnel. The process is timeconsuming, hindering the widespread use of microfluidic devices. However, wax printing technology can directly print hundreds of micron-wide wax lines with certain heights onto smooth substrates, and these wax lines can directly be used as molds for microfluidic channels, thus completing the microfluidic devices. To date, this process has not been systematically studied and optimized. Here, we report the optimized wax printing process parameters (e.g., grayscale, printing times) and achieved a minimum 300 µm channel width for microfluidic channels. Though the line width cannot compete with the traditional photolithography process, this newly proposed method is inexpensive, fast, and highly automated, holding great potential for widespread use. Moreover, our approach boasts two unique features. Firstly, the half-circular mold shape optimally suits microfluidic channels. Secondly, the mold concurrently deposits a thin wax layer on microfluidic inner channel surfaces, preventing small molecule absorption—crucial for diverse microfluidic applications.

During the use of traditional connectors, it is not only necessary to reserve the installation space of the connector itself, but also to consider the assembly operation space and cable routing space of the connector, which greatly affects the efficiency of space utilization within the system, reduces the integration of the system, and increases the weight of the system. With the continuous growth of connector demand and the update of new technologies and materials, the technological development in the connector field is very rapid. In the field of RF connectors, a new type of RF connector-Subminiature Push-On (SMP) emerged, which could be used for high-density blind insertion between printed boards, chassis, cabinets, and other places. In order to promote the application of SMP, the basic physical characteristics of SMP series coaxial connectors had been analyzed. Then, blind interconnecting design method for SMP applications were proposed, which specified the principle & process of blind interconnecting, and the requirements for blind interconnecting structure and methods of tolerance calculation. In addition, the analysis showed that the key structural parameters of blind interconnecting were axial misalignment and radial misalignment. A serial of experimental research work had been carried out to explore the effects of the two parameters on the RF link performance parameters including VSWR, insertion loss, and phase,. It was found that axial misalignment is the more crucial parameter that need to be control in design, because radial misalignment ≤ 0.4mm has minimal impact on phase, standing wave and insertion loss, while axial misalignment has a particularly significant impact on these parameters. Based on this study, it can provide a more scientific method guidance and data support for the related detailed design of cable-less.

The elevator buffer, an important safety protection device, plays a timely role in slowing down and absorbing energy, and avoid serious accidents when the elevator is descending at the bottom. In this study, based on the existing elevator buffer style, the process of continuous improvement and perfection of elevator safety protection devices and systems was described. A set of devices that can meet the requirements of buffering and braking was designed, consisting of a spring buffer device (or hydraulic buffer brake device) and a brake device similar to the elevator safety clamp. A brake device, acting on the elevator guide rail and with clamp structure, was designed to complete the braking function. The finite element analysis in the aspect of the elevator car safety force and motion state affirms the device's practicality and soundness.

Nowadays, with the rapid development of science and technology, advanced 3D scanning technology has shown strong application potential in mechanical manufacturing. 3D scanning has become a meaningful way to inspect mechanical workpiece parameters to save inspection costs and time costs in manufacturing. This article conducts an in-depth study on mechanical parts manufacturing optimization methods based on a high-precision 3D scanning system. This method can improve the accuracy and efficiency of parts manufacturing and provide new solutions for quality control in the manufacturing process. 3D models are generated by 3D scanning mechanical components using the OKIO EP device. Based on the software Geomagic, reverse engineering and comparison of the existing 3D machining models of mechanical components were performed to obtain the mechanical components' scanning model and machining errors. Therefore, it achieves the optimization of mechanical parts manufacturing.

Conventional additive manufacturing technology adopts the method of plane slice, and the Z-coordinate value for each layer of the slice is constant. When printing curved multilayer circuits, there is an obvious step effect, and it will cause the connection misplacement of different layers of conductive lines, resulting in short circuit or open circuit. Therefore, this paper proposes a slicing and path generation method for curved multilayer circuits. First, the 3D model is sliced by offsetting the substrate surface, and the sliced information of different materials is stored in the corresponding model arrays. Then, the sliced surfaces and boundaries are extracted and the filling method is determined, and the print path is generated with the help of the UG five-axis machining module. Finally, the empty stroke and the operation such as lifting the tools are deleted through code post-processing, and the G code is output. The proposed method is used for the printing of four-layer circuits on a curved substrate. The surface of the printed parts is smooth without ink flow and circuit graphic distortion. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the method.

According to the needs of support equipment simulation field, this paper proposes a design method of support equipment simulation support software, and realizes the corresponding software based on this method. This method includes engineering support simulation support software, chemical defense support simulation support software, logistics support simulation support software and equipment support simulation support software. This paper introduces the input and output interfaces and functional composition of each software. Based on this method, the simulation problem of support equipment can be solved.

This paper presents a design method of damage effect simulation platform, which can simulate the process of ammunition damaging the target, including the basic model of incoming ray simulation, the basic model of projectile hitting the target, the basic model of simulation of the distance between the projectile impact point and the target during indirect aiming firing, the basic model of damage armor target simulation, the basic model of terminal guidance projectile hitting the target in indirect aiming firing It is composed of the basic simulation model of the target exposed body and other models.

In response to the limitations of distribution room space height and cable trench layout, which prevent the use of large machinery such as cranes and forklifts for the transportation and assembly of 35kV and below indoor switchgear, a switchgear electric transport vehicle suitable for indoor operation in distribution rooms has been developed. With this transport vehicle, it is possible to transport the switchgear from outdoors to the distribution room without leveling the cable trench, using only one person. The switchgear can then be transported along a steel foundation frame to the assembly position and unloaded onto the frame. Compared to traditional manual transportation and assembly methods, this approach significantly reduces labor requirements, decreases physical strain, improves transportation and assembly efficiency, and ensures construction is more scientifically conducted with enhanced safety.

Aiming at the problem that existing rigid manipulators are difficult to stabilise small fragile parts, a pneumatic-based threefinger flexible gripper is designed. Firstly, the problems of the existing pneumatic drive method are studied, and the decreasing profile structure such as air chamber is designed, which makes the bending rate of the fingers in each segment increase gradually and improves the stability of grasping small parts, and the three-finger flexible grasping and rigid expanding slide structure are combined to expand the workspace of the gripper; the kinematics model of the fingertip and root is obtained through mathematical calculations, and the work position of the finger is described; the work position of the finger is described through the Abaqus simulation software for simulation, the response speed of the finger is 0.875s, which verifies the design effect; finally, the physical object is fabricated and the experimental platform is built, and grasping experiments are carried out to verify the performance of the gripper. The results show that the designed soft gripper can stably grasp small fragile parts, and has rich workspace and the ability to adapt to complex structural parts.

In the context of the absence of specific standardized procedures for designing narrow vessel control station seats, this study aims to enhance both personnel comfort and operational efficiency within the control station. This research optimizes the design of narrow vessel control station seats based on the following systematic methodology. Initially, a simplified human body model is employed, followed by forward kinematic modeling to obtain and analyze the comfortable range of joint motion data. Subsequently, fundamental parameters and adjustment ranges of the seat are determined based on the analyzed data. Lastly, utilizing the DELMIA anthropomorphic analysis module, a human-body simulation analysis is conducted on the designed chair. Based on the simulation results, further optimization focused on the armrest range of the chair can be conducted. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methodology in achieving ergonomic optimization in narrow vessel control station seat design.

Automobile noise pollution is becoming more and more serious, and reducing emission and noise has become a common strategic choice for all countries to seize the commanding height of automobile market. With the help of STAR-CCM+, the main muffler in automobile is simulated and analyzed; by using the complex method this paper selects the design variables, defines the objective function, and is under the actual size constraints to obtain the optimized structural parameters of the main muffler. The empty pipe, the original main muffler and the optimized main muffler of the engine are tested separately in the vehicle. The results show that the noise of the optimized main muffler is 64.0dB(A) which reduces by 6.9dB(A) and 10.1dB(A) respectively compared with the original main muffler and the empty pipe, which verifies the optimization design is reasonable and effective.

Shrub harvester can provide good conditions for cutting shrubs. In order to improve the operational efficiency and quality of work of the shrub harvester, for this reason, the structural parameters of the circular saw blade of the shrub harvester are changed, the structure of the circular saw blade of the shrub harvester is optimized, and the optimal parameter of the circular saw blade is obtained, and the vibration reliability of the circular saw blade of the shrub harvester is calculated, and the reliability of the circular saw blade of the shrub harvester is obtained. The results show that when the parameters of the circular saw blade of the shrub harvester are 2mm thickness, 18° front angle, and 50° chisel angle, the minimum sawing force of cutting is 47N, and the reliability of the optimized circular saw blade is obtained to be 84.2% at the threshold value of 25.

For the cap-shaped long truss structure, the hot stamping simulation calculation process is established to carry out the thermal deformation prediction of carbon fiber/nylon 6 (CF/PA6) composites, and the correctness of the numerical prediction results is verified. In addition, the effects of molding process parameters (molding temperature and holding pressure) on the rebound amount of cap long truss structure are further analyzed through numerical simulation, and the results show that: increasing the molding temperature can gradually reduce the rebound amount and increasing the holding pressure can reduce the rebound amount, but it will increase the risk of crushing. It provides guidance and basis for optimizing the hot stamping process of cap type long truss structure.

This paper focuses on the influence of the gyrostabilizer system’s parameters on its anti-rolling performance and power recovery efficiency. Firstly, the model of ship-gyrostabilizer is constructed from Conolly theory and the gyrostabilizer’s operational principle. Then, single-factor and orthogonal simulations are carried out for the gyrostabilizer parameters’ sensitivity analysis and optimization. Compared with the benchmark case, the optimized parameters provide better performance in ship stabilization and power recovery. This research provides guidance for the parameter design of gyrostabilizers to enhance anti-rolling and power recovery performance.

In the structural design of industrial dust collector, sheet metal parts are often used as structural parts for protection and support, through the optimized design of sheet metal parts structure, high strength and stiffness can be achieved on the basis of lightweight, the paper uses the finite element analysis software ANSYS to simulate the method of structural stiffness of the frame sheet metal of a product was analyzed, and the study shows that, for the negative pressure of 3000pa, the frame structure was analyzed by stress analysis, through the finite element optimized frame structure, the frame stress distribution was uniform, and there was no local stress concentration phenomenon, the maximum deformation was reduced from 14mm to 5mmL, and the maximum deformation was reduced from 14mm to 5mmL. After the study, it is shown that the frame structure with negative pressure of 3000pa is subjected to stress analysis, and after the optimization of the frame structure by finite element, the stress distribution of the frame is uniform, and there is no local stress concentration phenomenon, and the maximum deformation is reduced from 14mm to 0.5mmL, which determines the reasonable position of the frame reinforcement, and it can provide a basis for the optimization of the frame structure in the design stage of the product, which reduces the development cost, and increases the strength and stiffness of the dust catcher, and it has a very great practical application in the design of the structure of the industrial dust catcher. It is of great practical significance in the design of industrial dust collector structure.

The traditional edamame harvester faces the pain points of low efficiency and labor shortage, so the research and development of automatic edamame harvester is imperative. In this paper, three applications of edamame harvesting machinery at present are sorted out, and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed; Then, using the FBS model, the main functions of the large full-automatic edamame harvester are decomposed into the picking function, the conveying function, the selecting function and the collection function, and then each sub function is mapped to the corresponding behavior, and then the corresponding behavior is mapped to the specific structure, so as to realize the design process of "overall-local-overall", It provides a certain reference for the product design of automatic edamame harvester.

Considering the effects of trench MIS barrier and p-type barrier on improving the characteristics of Schottky diodes, new GaN Schottky diodes structure with composed trench MIS barrier and junction barrier are proposed. The feature of proposed structure is the addition of a p-type barrier region on the TMBS structure. The p-type barrier region should be either on the side of trenches or in the middle of two trenches. Then the influence of key structure parameters of p-type barrier region, such as width, junction depth and doping concentration et al, on the static characteristics of proposed GaN diode are simulation studied. The structure of the p-type barrier region in the middle of two trenches has optimized characteristic, and the breakdown voltage could reach 1149 V and the Baliga's figure of merit can reach 1.263 GW/cm² . These results will provide valuable references for further study of GaN SBD.

According to the requirements of the automation system, a tablet filling production line system was designed. The system adopts S7-1200 PLC controller and KTP 700 color touch screen, which is divided into 3 stations, feeding station, filling station and storage station. The system realizes the fully automatic operation of filling, capping, capping, testing, weighing, RFID writing information and warehousing of flaky drugs. Filling speed≥50 bottles / min.

This article presents a design method for humanoid lower limbs with a parallel compliant actuator. The integration of series-parallel main actuators and parallel efficient energy storage mechanisms significantly improves energy efficiency of the humanoid lower limb. The lower limb design is semi-anthropomorphic, with similar mass and mass distribution. Then a three-degree-of-freedom kinematic model of the humanoid lower limbs is established in the Cartesian coordinate system. Besides, The Lagrange equation is utilized to establish the inverse dynamics model, resulting in the derivation of the relationship between joint torque and joint angle. Subsequently, the parameters of elastic elements in the energy storage mechanism are optimized. The energy storage performance of the humanoid lower limbs is simulated in ADAMS. The simulation results validate that the parallel compliant actuation design can improve the energy efficiency of the lower limb, compared with rigid actuation systems.

This paper proposes a millimeter-scale microrobot, which can be used for MIS (minimally invasive surgery) to achieve the 1-DOF (single degree of freedom) motion. The mechanism is driven by piezo-bimorphs, and the voltage is eventually converted into displacement. The dragonfly-like flapping wing amplification mechanism is adopted, which has characteristics of high precision, small size and excellent dynamic performance. In this paper, the kinematic mode of the structure is analyzed first, then the manufacturing process and processing method of the microrobot are introduced. The microrobot achieve a dimension of 22 x 22 x 23mm (excluding piezo-bimorph). Finally, open-loop experiment is conducted on the tracking performances of the microrobot by repeatedly following the vertical line trajectory. The horizontal motion range is 2.05mm, and the straightness in the stroke is 99.14%. Also, the RMS (root-mean-square) accuracy of the linear trajectory is 8.38±0.3μm. These show the high positioning accuracy and effective tracking ability of the microrobot.

With the development of science and technology, digital technology has brought new possibilities to the field of environmental protection. As an innovative interactive design based on emotional data, the environmental protection digital water lamp combines environmental awareness and technological innovation, providing people with a unique experience. This paper takes the unique Lantern Festival in Xiamen as the starting point to discuss the balance between traditional cultural rituals and environmental protection. While maintaining the core values of cultural tradition, we should explore the new situation of environmental protection through innovative and interactive design. The digitization process driven by technological advances enables interactive devices to move beyond traditional communication methods. This study uses environmentally friendly materials and digital technologies to collect users' emotional data and display them in the form of digital water lamps to avoid river pollution. Through the interaction with the digital water lamp, the user releases the negative emotions and completes the prayer ritual. The two-way interaction of digital water lamps strengthens the personalized blessing experience and meets the needs of the contemporary conservation prayer culture.

Ceramic vat photopolymerization (CVP) is a widely used Additive Manufacturing (AM) method for precision ceramic parts. In the pre-printing processing stage, to solve the manufacturability problems of overhang and thin parts in CVP, a generalized correction frame mainly based on non-contact support is proposed. While ensuring the printability of the model, this method does not change the design shape, and the contact support is minimized. Through experiments on three realworld cases, parts of the model with manufacturability issues such as thin parts and overhangs are successfully printed, which has important practical significance for the production of high-precision and complex ceramic parts.

Neurogenic bladder can lead to diseases such as urinary tract infections, bladder stones, and renal dysfunction. However, a rational method of catheterization during recovery can preserve 90% of renal function in patients. In this paper, a self-regulating pressure urinary drainage valve suitable for different populations is designed based on existing urine drainage devices. It can better improve patients' ability to void and control urine. Furthermore, CFD analysis is conducted on factors affecting the performance of the pressure urinary drainage device during use, such as outlet size and quantity, valve body cone size, and outlet pore section. Reasonable design dimensions are obtained, further optimizing the self-regulating pressure urinary drainage device.

Addressing the frequent occurrence of wind-induced accidents on metal roofs of large-span space structures, this study analyzes the causes and forms of recent wind-induced accidents on metal roofs. Building upon this analysis of the wind-uncovering destructive mechanism of metal roofing panels, a novel reinforcement technology is proposed here for metal roofs based on optical fiber sensing technology. Fiber reinforced composite sensing tendons and anchor nodes tailored to the specific needs of practical projects were developed and their performance was verified through a series of tests. The results demonstrated that the mechanical properties of the fiber reinforced composite sensing tendons reach up to 700 Mpa, with a sensing repeatability error of 0.05% and a linearity of 0.999. The new anchor nodes exhibited a minimum tensile strength of 7.52 kN, meeting the existing national specifications for mechanical and sensing properties.

In the milling process, the stability lobe diagrams (SLD) allow the selection of appropriate milling parameters to maximize the machining efficiency. While calculating the SLD is time-consuming, this paper proposes a method for predicting the SLD based on spindle speed and depth of cut using deep learning. The prediction model constructed by this algorithm using LSTM neural network can predict the stability boundary according to different cutting depths and spindle speeds. Validation is carried out through experiments, and the results show that the proposed method has a stability prediction accuracy of 96.3% under different operating conditions. It is also verified that the proposed method can reasonably select milling parameters and improve machining efficiency.

This study proposed a predictive model for process parameters of Vertical Shaft Impact Crusher for manufactured sand. It employs a fuzzy-self-attention hybrid neural network model to determine the optimal operational state of the crusher, effectively enhancing the accuracy of predicting the Fineness Modulus and particle size distribution of the manufactured sand. Extensive training of the model is conducted using a large dataset collected from three mining operation sites. The model is compared to two disintegration modules and a BP neural network. Simulation results reveal that this hybrid neural network model achieves convergence in fewer than 20 epochs during the training process. Its predicted particle size distribution curve closely matches actual sample data, and the Coefficient of Determination 𝑅ଶ is closest to 1, indicating superior predictive performance. This model exhibits the best predictive ability and can effectively forecast both the Fineness Modulus and particle size distribution of the sand.

In the manufacture of ceramic resonators, defects on surfaces can directly affect the working stability of resonator products. Due to extreme scarcity of abnormal resonator image samples containing defect textures, traditional computer vision algorithms have difficulty learning the key data distribution characteristics of abnormal resonators, leading to poor detection results. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a resonator defect detection method based on single image generation and deep learning classification. By training SinGAN model on a single real resonator defect image, we learn the spatial and textural features on the image and then we can utilize the trained model to create seemingly realistic fake surface crack images from several sketch map drawings, therefore effectively increasing the number of abnormal resonator samples. We train a YOLOv3 object detection model on the enlarged dataset only containing fake abnormal resonator samples and try to detect cracks on new real defect resonators. Experiments show that our proposed method has better image generation quality compared with previous methods and the YOLOv3 model bounds the real cracks successfully, proving that using a single defect sample to detect more and more defective images is feasible. More importantly, our method can be commonly used in classification and detection tasks of industrial products which have a similar data distribution.

Traditional high-level maintenance work organization of EMU mainly relies on manual scheduling, which has problems such as low efficiency and difficulty in inheritance. In order to improve the efficiency of maintenance operations, a scheduling model and scheduling optimization algorithm based on artificial intelligence for EMU Train High-level Maintenance are designed. On the basis of traditional workshop scheduling optimization, taking into account the order relationship of production processes, the high-level maintenance scheduling optimization model of EMU is established with the constraints of maintenance process flow. In view of the characteristics of complex order relationship constraints in the model, a smart optimization algorithm suitable for high-level maintenance scheduling of EMU is designed. Through case analysis of high-level maintenance operations in a certain domestic EMU depot, the effectiveness of the model and algorithm is verified. The results show that the intelligent maintenance process adopted in this paper can effectively reduce the maintenance time in the high-level maintenance depot of EMU, Compared with the traditional maintenance process, it can save 17.6% of the maintenance time, and at the same time significantly increase the number of synchronous maintenance tasks for high-level maintenance of EMU, thereby improving the efficiency of maintenance.

Aiming at the current situation that manual measurement of alien wheel raceway span size takes a long time and low measurement accuracy, this paper proposes a machine vision alien wheel raceway span size measurement algorithm, and studies the cross-spherical size measurement method based on the software HALCON machine vision algorithm with the standard alien wheel as the object. The edges_sub _pix subpixel edge detection operator is introduced to extract the subpixel edge through the canny filter, and secondly, the extracted sub-edge pixels are processed by contour screening and contour combination, and the combined XLD profile fo1mat is converted to regional region format, and the size fitting of the inner surface contour is performed. Through repeated measurements, the non-contact measurement method based on machine vision realizes fast and accurate measurement of the basic parameters of the alien wheel within the dimensional error range of0.05mm.

Aiming at the problems of long production cycle and low equipment utilization rate in glass substrate evaporation process, the batch scheduling model of glass substrate evaporation process was established by analyzing the process characteristics such as manufacturing resource constraints and batch rules, with the maximum completion time as the optimization objective, and an improved genetic algorithm was designed to solve it. In the initialization phase of the algorithm, a heuristic strategy based on grouping is designed to improve the quality of the initial population; In the process of population iteration, adaptive crossover and mutation operations are used to obtain more excellent individuals. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model and the superiority of the algorithm are verified by a case study on the actual production data of a screen manufacturing enterprise.

This article is based on the rolling time domain optimization strategy, with the objective of achieving the best comprehensive result by minimizing the shortest time and maximizing the total priority of scheduling tasks. It designs a scheduling optimization strategy for situations where production equipment failures occur. The bi-level genetic algorithm is used to solve the production scheduling problem in the workshop. Finally, through simulation on instances of the production workshop, it verifies that this scheduling strategy can effectively solve the dynamic scheduling problem in the workshop.

Due to its advantages of non-contact, high efficiency, and digitization, machine vision has been extensively utilized in product appearance anomaly inspection. The advancement of deep learning has significantly propelled the digitization and intelligence process of visual inspection. Nonetheless, the current learning paradigm still heavily relies on a large quantity of high-quality training samples, and exhibits limited capability in detecting anomaly categories beyond the training set (also known as open-set detection). Aiming at these challenges and inspired by the model-driven digital inspection idea, this article advocates for the thorough exploration of the auxiliary potential of 3D models in visual inspection. Diverging from the traditional paradigm, which mainly leverages digital models as data management centers, this article explicitly highlights two additional critical functions of 3D models: knowledge carriers and detection references. The efficacy of the proposed approach is demonstrated through case studies.

High pressure water jet can play a role in cutting soil during vacuum excavation, and its parameter selection has a significant impact on subsequent vacuum suction. To analyze the impact of key parameters on soil cutting, a method based on EDEM-Fluent coupling is proposed. Nozzle and soil model are constructed, and optimal parameter values for the highpressure water jet are selected based on the maximum soil cutting depth as an indicator. Simulation results demonstrate that the maximum soil cutting depth increases with pressure; initially remains constant with increasing target distance but gradually decreases after reaching 10mm; decreases with increasing incidence angle; and decreases with increasing moving speed.

High temperature alloy GH4169 has excellent mechanical and chemical properties, and has advantages such as fatigue resistance, radiation resistance, and oxidation resistance. It is widely used in aerospace and other fields, but its high hardness makes it a difficult to machine material. Electric discharge machining technology is suitable for processing various difficult to machine materials, but due to the complex discharge process and multiple discharge parameters, it is difficult to form effective process regulations. Modeling the discharge machining process using ANSYS, and conducting temperature field simulation research on the erosion mechanism of GH4169 in electric spark pulse discharge. The results show that there is a positive correlation between voltage and temperature field. Increasing the voltage has a significant increase in the central temperature of the discharge channel, and increasing the voltage can increase the erosion efficiency.

Traditional structural monitoring has the disadvantages of complex wiring, limited transmission distance, and large identification errors due to time delays caused by wave boundary reflections.This article utilizes the ABAQUS software to establish a simulation model and conducts experiments using a wireless monitoring system based on Zigbee technology. It optimizes the experimental data by using compensation signals to eliminate the influence of noise, making it easier to obtain accurate delay measurements. Finally, it detects the location of damage based on elliptical positioning techniques

3D model visualization technology and AI detection technology are the high-end development trends in the current 3D application field, widely used in fields such as architecture, industry, mechanical processing, precision manufacturing, automotive manufacturing, and chip research and development. This technology is an important way for human-machine information exchange in three-dimensional applications. 3D model intelligence technology and artificial intelligence detection technology have advantages such as high accuracy, high flexibility, model visualization, and rapid generation; Secondly, in response to the technical issues encountered in the application of 3D model intelligence technology, taking automobile assisted driving as an example, the principles and implementation processes of 3D model intelligence and artificial intelligence detection technology were summarized, and their application processes were comprehensively evaluated. Finally, the testing methods for the combination of 3D visualization technology and artificial intelligence detection methods were summarized, and practical applications were carried out in fields such as automobiles and power plants, achieving improvements in accuracy testing data and efficiency.

Meta-heuristic algorithms have become a popular approach for flexible job shop scheduling optimization problem. In this paper, an improved sand cat swarm optimization algorithm (ISCSO) is proposed for the flexible job shop scheduling problem. Firstly, the encoding and decoding scheme of the problem is defined, and the sand cat population is initialized by chaotic mapping, which increases the diversity of the initial distribution and accelerates the convergence speed. Secondly, a mechanism with a nonlinear convergence decreasing factor is used to balance exploration and exploitation and improve the global optimization performance. Finally, the fusion of the genetic algorithm to update agent positions achieves the discretization of the algorithm and helps escape from the local optima. In addition, we tested ISCSO, and the experimental results demonstrate its good performance in flexible job shop scheduling optimization problem.

The engine of an air target could produces a powerful jet plume echo (exhaust plume), if the exhaust plume is exposed to the high frequency waves, which will produces a larger radar cross-section. The low temperature plasma jet, which is stimulated by low power microwave, has characteristics of high electron temperature and low flow temperature, so that it can be experimented in a microwave anechoic chamber. Therefore, this thesis proposes a low - temperature plasma jet for simulating the engine plasma exhaust plume, that makes it possible to analyze the RCS of plasma exhaust plume experimentally.

In this paper, a model for adjusting the formation of UAVs with variable transmission sources is proposed. The UAVs FY00 and FY01, whose positions are accurately determined, always perform the task of signal transmission. A position adjust- ment strategy based on OODA coupled interaction among UAVs is proposed. A signal transmission and reception adjustment sequence T is set. During each adjustment, the receiving UAV can evaluate a point in the neighborhood based on a variable step-size discrete neighborhood search algorithm. The evaluation function solely relies on the received direction angle and identification information. Finally, the positions are obtained after multiple adjustments. Then, a genetic algorithm is used to optimize the signal transmission and reception adjustment sequence. The optimal sequence is obtained by minimizing the sum of squares of residuals between the positions after multiple adjustments and the desired positions. This yields the optimal adjustment strategy for the UAV formation.

The detection of the rail straightness is crucial to the maintenance of the track. This paper designed a rail straightness detector based on laser displacement sensor. Based on the theoretical analysis of the detection error of the detector, the error analysis platform of the detector is built based on the working face of the precision marble measuring block. The mobilized medium moving average filtering algorithm and the linear fitting calibration method are treated with the random error and systemic error of the detector data collection system; The vibration error was tested and analyzed, and the laws of various errors were obtained. The minimum daily method was used to fit the system variable error, which provided error compensation measures for the detector.

The thickness of aviation materials, including coating thickness, is an important process parameter, which plays an important role in product quality, process control, and cost control. In this paper, a theoretical model of the time-of-flight (TOF) of the coating reflection signal is established by using the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system, and the method of measuring the thickness of the coating by using the TOF is proposed. The measurement error of the coating sample is less than 5% according to the refractive index information of the coating sample, which has important application value in aerospace coating inspection.

X-ray inspection for weld defects is very important for the welding industry, but insufficient defect samples restrict the implementation of deep learning technology in this field. This paper proposes a strategy combining supervised and unsupervised data augmentation to solve this problem. DCGAN is optimized to generate synthetic defect images of appropriate resolution to expand the number of datasets. The E-ELAN structure of YOLOV7 is optimized to improve its detection accuracy. CBAM is integrated into different network models to improve their detection performance of X-ray weld defects. The experiments show that the scheme of “Improved YOLOV7 and CBAM” has the best detection performance, and its mAP is 95.57%.

The present paper proposes a calculation model for determining trajectory endpoint parameters based on image variation. Firstly, the layout method of two informative cameras is introduced, followed by the determination of striking position, angle, and speed of the projectile towards the target through recording multiple pictures during the striking process.

While drilling, in order to realize the early monitoring of overflow,it is necessary to measure the liquid level depth in the wellbore in real time. At present, echo ranging is the most commonly used liquid level monitoring method. Based on COMSOL software, this paper simulates the echo monitoring process of drilling fluid level. This model couples 1D pipeline acoustics with 3D pressure acoustics, and used parametric modeling. Using the control variable method, the effects of acoustic wave frequency, excitation pressure, pipeline pressure, liquid surface depth, and other factors on the echo signal were compared and analyzed. The results show that the sound wave frequency has an optimum value in a specific pipeline system, and after this value, the higher the frequency, the faster the signal attenuation; The higher the excitation pressure, the stronger the echo signal can be obtained, which can significantly improve the ranging range; If the liquid surface depth is too shallow, the excitation wave and the echo overlap, which will lead to difficulty in later identification; If the liquid level is too deep, the echo is weak, which is lower than the sensitivity of the equipment. It provides a new method and idea for the analysis of the infrasound propagation mechanism of drilling fluid level monitoring.

The parametric resonance of moving elastic pipelines was investigated. Boundary conditions were assumed, and the elastic properties of the pipelines were described using the constitutive relationship of shape memory alloys. Based on Newton's second law, the transverse vibration equation for shape memory alloy axial motion pipelines were derived. when assuming that the viscosity coefficient has a minimal impact on the unperturbed system, the characteristic functions and natural frequencies were studied, followed by numerical validation.

In the machining process of GH4169 nickel-based superalloys, significant work hardening and machinability issues arise due to excessive cutting forces. To rapidly analyze the dynamic response of the cutting process and reduce experimental costs, an SPG/FEM coupled cutting model was established to investigate the chip formation process in GH4169 turning, as well as the impacts of cutting speed, depth of cut, and tool nose radius on cutting forces. The results indicate that the FEM/SPG coupling method is effective for analyzing the dynamic response of sawing systems and provides theoretical support for understanding the dynamic damage and chip formation mechanisms of GH4169; the chip formation process of nickel-based alloys primarily consists of four stages; the cutting force is most sensitive to changes in cutting depth, with cutting speed and tool nose radius having minimal impact.

This article takes the air flow organization in the passenger compartment of a 120 km/h Type A subway train as the research object. Based on the two-dimensional and three-dimensional model diagrams of the train, a geometric model is established and mesh division is completed. Boundary conditions are set according to the calculation details of the heating and cooling load of the train air conditioning and the uniformity results of the air supply simulation in the air duct. Using computational fluid dynamics methods and simulation software such as HyperMesh and STAR-CCM+, the full load and empty load, summer and winter Simulation calculation of 8 operating conditions including single return air and double return air. The results show that the main flow velocity of all working conditions is below 0.6m/s, which does not cause a significant blowing sensation to passengers, but there is a problem of airflow short circuit; The uniformity of air flow organization and temperature distribution in the passenger compartment is good when unloaded; When fully loaded, the uniformity of air flow organization and temperature distribution in the passenger compartment decreases, and the temperature significantly increases; The dual return air mode with increased seat bottom return air can significantly improve the temperature distribution in the passenger compartment and enhance comfort.

This article introduces a dual robotic arms collaborative automatic assembly system designed for complex spatial structural components, with a focus on the precision analysis and error modeling during the assembly process of box 1. The system effectively addresses the challenges of spatial assembly through the coordinated work of dual robotic arms and establishes an error propagation model based on multibody kinematics theory and homogeneous transformation theory. Utilizing high-precision visual detection technology, the system enables real-time monitoring and correction of deviation angles and offsets during the assembly process, thereby verifying the accuracy of the error propagation model.

In order to study the process of mine detonation explosion, this article uses the finite element software Autodyn to conduct numerical simulation of the process of a certain type of mine being impacted by a depth charge explosion, and observes the pressure changes throughout the detonation explosion process by setting observation points. The pressure variation law during the detonation explosion process is finally obtained, providing a reference for the subsequent evaluation of the effectiveness of anti-mine warfare and the design of mine protection.

Aiming at the excessive vibration and noise of the transmission in the test process of a heavy truck, a research programme on the vibration characteristics of the transmission case is formulated with comprehensive consideration of the operating conditions and intrinsic properties. Through the theoretical research of vibration characteristics, a complete housing vibration simulation system is constructed: firstly, the intrinsic frequency and vibration pattern are determined by modal analysis, and then the internal and external excitation sources and excitation frequency are determined on the basis of analysing the operating conditions of the transmission housing, the vibration response points are selected according to the results of the modal analysis, and frequency response analysis is carried out by combining with the excitation frequency, so as to obtain the vibration response curve of displacement. Aiming at the phenomenon of vibration response peak, multi-objective optimisation of the housing is carried out by using the compromise programming approach, and the optimisation scheme is proposed and the optimisation effect is verified. The results show that the peak vibration response is reduced after optimisation, and the problem of large vibration noise is mitigated. Meanwhile, it is verified that the research scheme has certain effect on improving the vibration characteristics of the housing, which is of some reference significance for the research and optimisation of the vibration characteristics of other structures.

Through research in the field of plant maintenance device equipment maintenance and operation, particularly pertaining to intelligent water spray detection equipment, we have developed an intelligent water spray temperature and humidity detection device. This device addresses the limitation of traditional intelligent water spray equipment, which only monitors soil humidity and disregards the influence of environmental temperature. The device comprises a humidity detection module, a solar charging module, a temperature measurement module, an LCD display, and a motorized water pump. This setup allows for simultaneous monitoring of ambient temperature and humidity, with data transmission to the controller for processing. Utilizing data processing algorithms, the device can automatically water and adjust the watering amount and frequency. This functionality not only enhances the growth and survival rates of plant maintenance but also helps minimize water wastage. Furthermore, the device utilizes solar cells as a power source, making it more environmentally friendly and contributing to the sustainable development of the plant care industry.

In order to study the acoustic characteristics of low-speed and slow speed drones, different drone models were selected in anechoic chambers and outdoor urban environments, and test states such as single engine hovering, multi aircraft hovering, wing variation, drone wings, and low altitude scanning were used to test the acoustic characteristics of drones. By analyzing the total sound pressure level, FFT, and noise distribution, the acoustic characteristics of weak slow targets were obtained. The results indicate that the acoustic characteristics of "weak yet slow" drones are related to the aerodynamic noise generated by engine speed and wing rotation. As the motor speed of low-speed and slow speed drones changes, their sound frequency characteristics and flight speed synchronously change. That is, as the motor speed increases, the frequency of the sound speed characteristics of low-speed and slow speed drones increases, and the flight speed accelerates. At the same time, due to the rotation of the wings, aerodynamic noise is generated in the air near the driven wings as the wing speed changes.

In the current production of pipe piles, the main process of the rebar cage forming involves cutting rebar to fixed lengths, forming the pile head, and welding by rolling. The enterprise has identified low automation and efficiency in the rebar cutting process. This article discusses the cutting method of a hand-held rebar cutter, establishes a finite element model for rebar cutting, and conducts dynamic simulations of the cutting process. By adjusting various parameters, the impact of different factors on the cutting force is analyzed. The results indicate that the minimum cutting force is achieved when the blade angle is set at 2°, and the cutting force reaches its lowest point when the blade clearance is 0.35mm. This document serves as a reference for designing and installing the rebar cutter.

After the drying process in HAUNI's HDT pneumatic tobacco dryer, the processed cut tobacco exhibits entanglement and clumping. This issue significantly affects the stability of cut tobacco moisture and temperature, and also poses a hidden risk to product quality control. This paper analyzes this phenomenon and identifies structural differences in the cut tobacco after heating and humidifying as the direct cause. A loosening device was added at the input of the HDT to reorganize the structure of the input cut tobacco. The effectiveness of this device was confirmed through the fluid analysis software Fluent. Further validation through physical experiments showed that the proportion of cut tobacco clumps decreased from 2.14% to 0.42%, confirming that the operation of this device significantly improved the issue of cut tobacco entanglement and clumping.

In order to improve the initial velocity and distribution density of axial premade fragment warhead fragments, a coaxial dual element cylindrical composite charge structure was designed. LS-DYNA finite element software was used to study the coaxial dual element composite charge structure with Comp-B inner layer explosive and JO-9159 outer layer explosive. The scattering characteristics of fragments under multi-point synchronous detonation were compared with those under a single charge structure. Research has shown that the design of composite charge structure (high detonation velocity explosives for the outer layer and low detonation velocity explosives for the inner layer) can improve the initial velocity and distribution density of fragments in axial premade fragment warhead. For this structure, the initial velocity of fragments has been increased by 121m/s, and the scattering angle of fragments has been reduced by 4.5 °

As key part of aero-engine, blade has the characteristics of huge quantity, various shapes, high processing quality requirements and complex processing. It is of great significance to develop efficient and high-precision non-contact surface size detection for blade processing and its quality detection. Optical scanning measurement based on visual tracking is becoming an effective and reliable measurement method. In order to realize the tracking of the scanning system, this paper designs a 3D stereo target, and proposes an algorithm to recognize the coded markers on the stereo target.

On-machine measurement plays a key role in adaptive machining technology, providing real-time information on machining parameters and material state. Aiming at the compensation error that will be introduced after the radius compensation of the on-machine probe, this paper suggests a method of blade profile measurement data alignment considering the probe radius by improving the objective function of the nearest-point iteration algorithm based on the mean square deviation of the distance from the corresponding point. The reliability of the method is verified through simulation and real data alignment experiments, which provides an effective way to improve the alignment accuracy.

The cure-induced deformation (CID) significantly influences the final quality of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. It is essential to ensure the deformation within specification by cure optimisation, of which the key is to construct the efficient predictive model between the cure cycle and CID. Conventional numerical methods require wellmeshed grids and fine-grained time steps, resulting in an expensive computational cost. Furthermore, data-driven methods have shown great potential in building surrogate models to accelerate the massive forward evaluations. However, their remarkable performance depends on massive labelled data. Therefore, this paper proposes to anticipate the cure-induced deformation of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites based on transfer learning to reduce the data requirement of data-driven methods. First, sufficient simulation data are gathered as the source domain and are utilized for training the source model. Then, a parameter-based transfer learning method is introduced to obtain the final target model by finetuning the source model utilizing a limited amount of target labelled data. Finally, the validation numerical experiment is conducted on a case of CFRP aircraft skin. The results show that the proposed method based on transfer learning can significantly reduce the amount of target labelled data by 90% compared to the original data-driven method.

Ultrasonic nondestructive testing plays a crucial role in evaluating the integrity of metal structures. When there are defects in the tested workpiece, there will be reflection, refraction, diffraction, and other behaviors of sound waves. By analyzing the ultrasonic echo signal, the location and depth of defects can be identified. In previous ultrasonic defect detection, due to changes in the ultrasonic probe, the identified defects may change, affecting the accuracy of defect discrimination. This paper proposes a method for detecting the depth of metal cracks based on deep learning. This method combines finite element models and experimental analysis data to compensate for the depth of metal cracks, improving the accuracy of defect identification. Finally, an ultrasonic experimental study on metal components was conducted to verify the effectiveness of this method.

For the complex multi-variable system of permanent magnet synchronous motors, an improved Bat Algorithm (IBA) is proposed to optimize fuzzy control rules in order to enhance system stability and improve dynamic response. The neighborhood search operator is designed based on the interrelationship of fuzzy control rules, and ITAE is employed as a performance metric to evaluate the fuzzy Proportional-Integral control system. A model for PMSM is established, and a simulation environment is built in MATLAB/Simulink based on the mathematical model. The fuzzy-controlled PI controller is compared with the traditional PI controller in terms of motor speed results. The results indicate that the fuzzy PI controller exhibits smaller overshoot, better stability, and dynamic response compared to the traditional PI controller. The algorithm proposed in this study shows promising prospects for application in engineering control.

The erosion wear of the valve spool in an electro-hydraulic control system was studied numerically in this paper. The prediction mathematical model was established on the basis of studying the erosion wear characteristics of the valve spool under different opening degrees and fluid motion parameters, and the erosion wear mechanism and wear law of the valve spool were summarized. The results show that the average wear rate of the valve spool surface increases with the increase of erosion velocity. The average wear rate of the spool surface decreases with the increase of particle diameter. The mass loss rate of the valve spool is related to the opening and the flow parameters of the valve port. The wear rate is positively correlated with the flow velocity and negatively correlated with the particle diameter and the hardness of the valve spool.

Grinding generates metamorphic layer on the surface of workpiece whose microstructure has great influence on the mechanical property of wokpiece. In order to reveal the characteristic of the microstructure, the paper established the model of microstructure field of grinding metamorphic layer based on the grinding thermal field and Maynier cooling equation. The content and distribution of different microstructure of grinding can be obtained from the model intuitively. The model shows martensite mainly distributes in the surface layer and bainite distributes in the middle area of the grinding metamorphic layer. The thickness of martensite layer increases with the increasing of grinding depth and the thickness of bainite layer stay the same with the increasing of grinding depth.

This paper proposes a PMSM model predictive torque control strategy based on torque change rate to address the issues of difficult determination of weight factors and low efficiency of control algorithm traversal optimization in traditional PMSM finite set model predictive torque control (FCS-MPTC). Firstly, the tracking error of the electromagnetic torque at the current moment is used to determine the rate of change of the electromagnetic torque at the next moment. Secondly, the influence of the basic voltage vector on the electromagnetic torque can be analyzed to quickly determine the range of voltage selection. By constructing a cascaded cost function structure, the weight factor between torque and flux can be eliminated. Finally, a model was built in MATLAB/Simulink for simulation, and the simulation results showed that the proposed control strategy had high optimization efficiency and did not require the participation of weight factors.

In order to deal with the difficulties of extracting gear fault information and identifying fault types, a method based on the multi-dimensional features and the Grey Wolf Algorithm with the Support Vector Machine (GWO-SVM) is developed for pitting fault diagnosis of gears under variable loads. First, a multidimensional fault feature extraction method combining the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) algorithm, the EMD energy entropy and the fractal box dimension is proposed; then, the Gray Wolf Optimizer is applied to optimize the parameters of the support vector machine, from which the GWO-SVM fault identification is proposed; Finally, the fault feature extraction method and the fault identification method are integrated. A rotating machinery fault diagnosis test bench is constructed to carry out feature extraction. From the analysis the effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper for diagnosing pitting faults of variable loaded gears is verified. The results show that the accuracy of the proposed method is approximately 97%, which is better than that of individually extracting the time domain and frequency domain features of the fault signals.

In order to address the temperature differences caused by changes in environmental temperature, which can impact the taste of tobacco in non-combustible cigarette heating devices, this paper proposes an analysis and compensation method for the temperature characteristics of resistive heating elements. The temperature distribution equation of the heating element is established based on the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of the heating element material. The influence of environmental temperature changes on the set temperature value of the heating element is numerically simulated using COMSOL software. The mapping relationship between the input voltage of the heating element and its surface thermal equilibrium temperature is investigated. The error between the actual surface thermal equilibrium temperature and the pre-set thermal equilibrium temperature of the heating element under different environmental temperatures is calculated, and a temperature compensation control strategy for the heating element is developed. The environmental temperature of the heating element is adjusted in a water bath, and the temperature rise variation curve of the heating element under different input voltages is obtained at environmental temperatures of 20°C, 30°C, and 40°C. The findings indicate that as the environmental temperature rises, the heating element’s thermal equilibrium temperature also increases. With every 16°C change in the environmental temperature, there is an approximate ±5°C difference in the thermal equilibrium temperature of the heating element. By manipulating the input voltage of the heating needle, the temperature discrepancy caused by the environmental temperature can be adequately counteracted.

In the grinding process, the air field around the grinding wheel will hinder the grinding fluid from entering the grinding zone, which greatly reduces the utilization rate of the grinding fluid, thus affecting the cooling effect of the grinding fluid and the quality of the processing. In order to reduce the influence of the air field around the grinding wheel on the grinding fluid entering the grinding zone, The finite element simulation software was used to simulate the flow law of the air field around the grinding wheel during grinding, and the influence law of the rotation speed and minimum clearance of the grinding wheel on the air field was obtained, and the grinding fluid jet effect at different heights of the nozzles was simulated and analyzed.

The direct drive volume control system is featured by compact structure, strong anti-pollution capability, high energy efficiency, and ease of distributed control. Its integration with vehicle braking system is an important emerging development trend. A direct drive volume control pressure model based on AMESim and Simulink co-simulation was established to solve the problems of motor delay and system overshoot. The fuzzy PID controller is designed and compared with the Fuzzy PID controller with particle swarm optimization. Through simulation, it is verified that the Fuzzy PID controller particle swarm optimization controller has good effect in solving problems such as motor delay, system overshooting and pressure fluctuation.

In order to deeply analyze the fault types of coal mill under different vibration anomalies, based on the collected vibration signals, a coal mill vibration fault feature extraction method based on SVD decomposition fused with VMD-HHT marginal spectra is proposed and combined with the LSSVM model to realize the vibration fault diagnosis of coal mill. Firstly, VMD decomposition is performed on the vibration signals of different parts of the coal mill and the IMF component matrix is reconstructed using SVD decomposition; then, HHT marginal spectrum analysis is performed on the reconstructed IMF components to extract the feature vectors; finally, the LSSVM model is used to classify each fault feature to complete the fault diagnosis, and the validity and accuracy of the proposed method are demonstrated by examples. The results show that the SVD-VMD-HHT marginal spectrum can express the fault information more accurately, and the fault diagnosis accuracy of this method can be up to 98%, which is higher than that of the VMD-HHT marginal spectrum with a single sensor; this method can accurately identify the fault type of vibration abnormality 2.5 minutes after the fault occurs.

The discrete sliding mode tracking control problem of nonlinear systems with unknown inputs and random noise is addressed in this paper. The objective is to design an Unknown Input Observer (UIO) based on the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) such that the state vector of the whole system can be estimated and the decoupling of the disturbance terms can be achieved. Firstly, the state feedback matrix is solved in conjunction with the Extended Kalman Filter algorithm to minimise the covariance of the output residual signals, which in turn enhances the robustness of the system against random noise. Then, referring to the method of equivalent control and the state information estimated by the improving unknown input observer, we designed the discrete sliding mode controller. Finally, emulation experiments are carried out and the simulation results show the effectiveness and feasibility of the algorithms in this paper.

For the leader-follower consistency problem for multi-agent system with externally perturbed and actuator faults. Firstly, it designs a finite-time observer for fast evaluation and comparison of external perturbation as well as bias fault presence within the follower. Secondly, an adaptive sliding mode fault tolerant controller is proposed, which effectively increases the response speed and tracing accuracy in system and achieves the system fault tolerant consistency when the system is stored with actuator fault and external perturbation. Meanwhile, the proposed consistent control tracking algorithm is analytically proved to be stable using Lyapunov theory. Finally, the availability of the method is proven by simulation analysis.

As the production and operation cycle of hydropower plant units increases, unit equipment may frequently experience problems such as aging and failure. The vibration problem of the bulb tubular turbine in a certain power plant is serious, especially the cracks in the runner chamber. It is necessary to identify the main reasons for the vibration of the runner chamber to provide a theoretical basis for the safe operation of the power plant. This paper studies and analyzes the vibration characteristics of the runner chamber of the unit and the main factors causing the vibration of the runner chamber. The research results show that the vibration of the runner chamber is mainly caused by the slit jet, pressure pulsation and incorrect association relationship. Finally, repair suggestions and permanent treatment suggestions were put forward for the cracks in the runner chamber.

As a function to protect occupant safety, anti-pinch is getting more and more attention from consumers and has become a highlight in automobile sales. However, the problem of anti-pinch failure often occurs in practical use, which brings serious after-sales complaints and economic claims, and may cause a large number of vehicle recalls. In order to solve the antipinch failure problem, this paper carries out an in-depth study on the principle of window anti-pinch, the control strategy, the logical algorithm and the control strategy for each calibration condition. Compare the difference between the motor operation curves of the faulty vehicle and the calibrated vehicle, and find out the reasons for the failure of the anti-pinch of the faulty vehicle. According to the failure reason, the controller software algorithm is deeply optimized. Taking a certain model as an example, the complaint rate of after-sales 12mis significantly reduced, proving that the optimization measures are effective, and the theories and measures in this paper can be widely used in the development and anti-pinch calibration of new models in the future.

Establishing a right atmospheric pressure environment is first for astronauts to enter from the visiting vehicle to the target spacecraft in manned space docking and the atmospheric pressure control system plays an integral role in the whole process. However, the judgment of the system’s operation state still strongly depends on the experience of ground support technologists. This paper proposes a novel companion flight method for atmospheric pressure control system in manned space docking based on digital twin modeling. The modeling approach contains three main elements as basic theory, modeling tool and model realization, where basic theory provides mathematical description of the system behavior, modeling tool gives modeling support such as modeling language and environment, model realization contains detail modeling and simulation steps. Experiment results showed that the digital twin model calculation data can well follow the real telemetry data. In each stage of the docking atmospheric pressure control process, the error between the calculated output and the real one is less than 5%. The proposed method provides a digitalize way for atmospheric pressure control system in manned space docking and can be extended to various similar systems, when the control objects place in remote areas.

Transmission lines are an important part of the power system, and to reduce the risk of their being damaged by external forces such as cranes, a non-contact crane anti-breakage device for multi-component transmission lines is designed. Firstly, based on the principle of spatial capacitance voltage division, the transmission line voltage data is obtained by using the capacitance between the transmission line and the anti-breakage sensing device as the high-voltage capacitance and the capacitance between the anti-breakage sensing device and the grounded shell as the low-voltage capacitance. Then use Ansys finite element software to simulate the situation of line fault occurring in the transmission line with the same tower double-return arrangement and transmission line to analyze the anti-breakage device's anti-interference capability. Finally, the hardware circuit and software program of the anti-breakage device are designed, and a 10 kV transmission line simulation environment is built to test and analyze the device. The test results show that the designed device can measure the induced voltage accurately and in real time, and the measured induced voltage conforms to the variation law of field strength, and the identification accuracy of the device is good, which can meet the use of the transmission line crane antibreakage in the actual environment.

Background: Machine learning is progressively utilized within the realm of electrical fault detection, enhancing the accuracy of fault discrimination. Objective: This paper aims to utilize five machine learning algorithms to predict faults in three-phase electrical power system and compare the predictive performance of five classical machine learning algorithms. Method: Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, XGBoost, and Support Vector Machine are employed to predict the existence and types of faults in three-phase electrical power system. The algorithms' performance is evaluated by comparing the predictive evaluation metrics. Results: In this paper, Decision Tree exhibited the optimal evaluation metrics, achieving an accuracy of 88% on the test set. Conclusion: The experimental results indicate that Decision Tree exhibits the best performance in predicting faults in power system. This study provides guidance and recommendations for decision-makers in relevant industries.

In complex marine environments, the path tracking control of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) is a critical technology for accomplishing specific tasks.To save energy costs and enhance reliability, most AUVs adopt an underactuated mode. However, factors such as unknown environmental disturbances, highly nonlinear and strongly coupled AUV models make the path tracking problem of underactuated AUVs quite challenging. This paper fully considers the motion characteristics of the AUV and establishes the mathematical model of the underactuated AUV based on the inertial coordinate system and the motion coordinate system. It introduces the influence of ocean currents and utilizes the relative velocity of the AUV under the influence of ocean currents in the improved integral-separated controller, which is more suitable for engineering measurements compared to absolute velocity. In terms of path tracking, this paper transforms the tracking of desired trajectories problem into an error stabilization problem for nonlinear systems by using rotation matrices to transform the dynamic model. It establishes a complete error differential equation. Through simulation verification, the controller can partially overcome the influence of ocean currents, meet the heading requirements and performance constraints, track the desired trajectory, and maintain trajectory motion throughout the process.

With the development of China's urbanization and economy, the problem of parking difficulties in big cities has gradually become prominent, and the parking equipment used to alleviate such problems has emerged, but the accompanying safety problems of parking equipment such as trapped car accidents have gradually attracted attention. The research on safety guarantee of parking equipment needs to be carried out urgently, and the work of safety assessment and fault prevention of parking equipment is constantly carried out. This paper presents a new fault diagnosis model for the track of mechanical parking equipment. The vibration signal data of the running track of the mechanical parking equipment under different operating conditions were collected, and the time-frequency diagram of the vibration signal was obtained by using wavelet transform. The time-frequency diagram of the fault samples was expanded by SinGAN, and the BiLSTM-CNN neural network fault diagnosis model was built for training. The example shows that the track fault diagnosis model based on BiLSTM-CNN is suitable for practical application and can accurately diagnose the track fault of mechanical parking equipment.

To enhance the smoothness of the magnetorheological semi-active suspension, a model of the quarter semi-active suspension is constructed. Subsequently, a sliding-mode backstepping controller is developed by integrating slidingmode control with backstepping control to mitigate the significant nonlinearity of the magnetorheological suspension and the system's parameter uncertainty. The Lyapunov function is employed to guarantee asymptotic stability across all levels of the system. The impact of the sliding-mode backstepping controller on suspension performance is simulated and analyzed using MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the sliding-mode backstepping control in mitigating the strong nonlinearity and uncertainty of the magnetorheological system. Additionally, the controller significantly enhances the damping effect of the suspension system compared to passive suspension, thereby improving vehicle smoothness.

With the development of microwave test technology, higher test accuracy of microwave devices is required. The calibration results of the existing TAN calibration algorithm are not accurate enough because the non-source port does not reach the ideal match. In this paper, a new TAN calibration algorithm based on wave quantity is studied to eliminate the error introduced by direct acquisition of non-ideal S-parameters. Compared with the classical S-parameter calibration algorithm, the proposed algorithm has the same calibration effect and smoother trace, which improves the test accuracy of the device.

Fault diagnosis has gained increasing interests to assure the security and stability of industrial systems. Simultaneously collecting multi-sensor signals is crucial for comprehensively characterizing the system's health status. Nonetheless, creating effective fusion mechanisms for multi-sensor signals to enhance diagnostic performance remains a challenge. Consequently, this study proposes an innovative fault diagnosis method enhanced by multi-task learning, incorporating multimodal feature learning and attention fusion across vibration and current signals. Initially, we introduce an attention fusion module designed to selectively extract crucial features from multimodal data obtained from vibration and current signals. Furthermore, a multitask learning module is developed to collectively optimize multiple classification tasks using fused features and two distinct unimodal features. The performance of our proposed method is evaluated on two datasets. Experimental results illustrate that our method can extract more significant features and achieve superior classification performance compared to unimodal methods which lacks attention fusion and multi-task learning modules.

Ball mills play a critical role in modern industrial production, and issues with their bearings directly impact production efficiency and equipment maintenance costs. Traditional methods for bearing fault detection require using fault samples to learn the mechanism, but this can damage equipment and result in high costs. This paper proposes a bearing fault detection method based on autoencoder, which trains only on normal data to overcome the limitations of traditional approaches. The fault detector utilizes vibration signals from bearings to achieve real-time bearing state monitoring and fault early warning. Additionally, due to the complex composition of ball mills, multiple key components near the bearings need to be monitored. A single anomaly detector cannot locate or comprehensively analyze faults. Hence, this study proposes a ball mill fault detection system integrated with multiple anomaly detectors, capable of monitoring the bearing status in multiple parts of the ball mill, automatically localizing and warning of faults when they occur. Finally, Practical deployment at Wugang Resources Group validates that the autoencoder-based fault detector can identify bearing anomalies and demonstrates the ability of the integrated system for fault warning and localization.

Firstly, this paper expounds the development of dishwashers in recent years, and expounds the current situation and drawbacks of traditional heating devices in use according to the testing requirements of dishwashers. The uniform indirect heating device is designed to meet the requirements of the preparation process of high hardness water source heating, and the use state of the pipeline before and after the complete construction of the uniform indirect heating device. The whole system flow and PLC simulation are explained in detail. Finally, the feasibility and advantages of this scheme in dishwasher testing system are obtained.

In the current rapid development of manufacturing industry, how to realize the intelligent control of production equipment has become a key issue. Aiming at the maintenance problem of tobacco cigarette machinery and equipment, a remote overhaul system of IOT equipment is researched and designed, and a fault diagnosis algorithm based on local anomaly factor is proposed to guarantee the stable operation of the system. The results show that the proposed system's overhaul sensitivity for five kinds of common cigarette machinery is above 90%, and the highest can reach 98.87%, and can greatly improve the troubleshooting efficiency of the tobacco factory, and the overhauling time is reduced from the original 29-55min to less than 15min, and the overhauling efficiency is improved by about four times. In the test of normal sensors, the squared prediction error statistic value of all data points is less than the threshold value, so the algorithm determines that the sensor is not faulty and will not issue an alarm, which is consistent with the actual situation. When testing the sensor data with bias faults, the squared prediction error statistic for most of the data points exceeded the threshold value, so the algorithm determined that the sensor was faulty and issued an alert. The results of the study can provide certain technical support for the remote maintenance of tobacco cigarette machinery and equipment, and improve the intelligent level of tobacco production

This paper presents a fault analysis of “brake accumulator pressure drops fast” for a certain type aircraft. By statistically analysis of the in-service fault information, combining an in-depth analysis of the accumulator's brake working principle, and conducting internal leakage tests and disassembly analysis on the brake shut-off valve, the root cause of the fault was identified. The fault was ultimately attributed to damage on the sealing surface of the shut-off valve caused by localized contaminants in the hydraulic system, leading to significant leakage between the pressure chamber and the return chamber, resulting in a rapid pressure drop in the brake accumulator. Two possible improvement measures were proposed. This case study can provide a reference for troubleshooting similar faults.

Abrasive flow polishing technology finds extensive application in surface treatment for various high-precision components owing to its exceptional efficiency, precision, and versatile applicability. Both the number of processing cycles and the concentration of fluid abrasive are pivotal factors influencing the polishing efficacy of the workpiece. This study investigates the impact of both the number of cycles and the fluid abrasive concentration on the polishing outcome of tubular workpieces through abrasive flow polishing experiments. Experimental findings indicate that within the normal processing range, an increase in the number of cycles corresponds to an enhanced polishing effect. However, excessive cycles may result in over-processing, thereby detrimentally impacting the polishing outcome. Within a specific range, the polishing efficacy of abrasive flow is directly proportional to the magnitude of abrasive concentration. However, excessive concentration can elevate abrasive viscosity, impeding its fluidity and consequently influencing the polishing effect.

In this study, numerical simulation and analysis of leakage signal characteristics of gas pipelines with different leakage holes were carried out based on Fluent software. It was found that the differences in leakage holes significantly affect the flow field distribution of the leaking pipeline, which in turn affects the leakage detection results. The leakage hole structures and dynamic characteristics of the model significantly affect the acoustic response, and the model with a ball valve produces a higher sound pressure level. The experimental results provide guidance for the design of piping systems and the detection of leaks, and are of great significance in analysing the differences in flow field and noise generation of different leakage hole models. They provide a scientific basis for the design of piping systems and the detection of leaks.

In view of the serious erosion and wear of the existing control valves under small opening, it is difficult to meet the requirements of the equipment system. The internal flow field of the newly developed jet control valve was numerically simulated by using computational fluid dynamics software. The distribution law of the internal pressure field and velocity field of the control valve with different opening degrees was studied, and the comparison with common rotary valves was made.The results show that with the increase of the opening, the flow performance of the jet valve is more stable, and the maximum flow velocity is concentrated in the center of the basin, which avoids the eccentric flow wear and erosion on the valve body and the pipeline behind the valve, overcomes the defects of the existing rotary valves, and ensures the long-term safe and stable operation of the system.

Here, the disparity in metal surface roughness and its impact on loss is investigated for the integrated interconnection of optoelectronic devices fabricated by wafer-level multilayer metal-air-dielectric additive-manufacturing technology. The metal surface roughness and its influence on integrated interconnect transmission loss was analyzed. According to the different contact materials and post-treatment technique, a variety of metal surface models were established. The metal surface roughness of the fabricated samples was measured, and the influence of the micro-machining process was verified. Meanwhile, micro-coaxial transmission lines are employed as the research object to validate the mechanism of surface roughness affecting transmission loss. The measured results of the transmission line samples are well consistent with the finite element simulation results by considering the actual metal roughness.

Aiming at the nonlinear problem of data in industrial process and the problem that dynamic conditions are difficult to detect faults in complex operation process. In order to solve these problems, this paper combines the exponentially weighted dynamic kernel principal component analysis (EWDKPCA) method with the least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) method. Firstly, the EWDKPCA method is used to detect faults in industrial processes. EWDKPCA can update the kernel principal component model in real time, and the control limit varies according to the number of principal components. Then, in order to further improve the detection accuracy, LSSVM is used for secondary fault detection. The Tennessee-Eastman (TE) chemical process data are used for simulation experiments. The experimental results show that the proposed method has high fault detection accuracy.

In order to study the lubrication distribution characteristics of gearbox gears under the lubrication condition of different injection angles, the gear lubrication experimental platform was set up, and the experimental results of different injection angles were summarized. Through the analysis of the physical quantity of the oil film coverage on the gear surface, the oil film distribution on the bearing surface and the optimal scattered injection angle of the tooth surface are obtained. The results show that the control angle is between 75 °and 105 °. In this way, better coverage and larger HTC can be obtained at the same time, and the comprehensive lubrication effect can be optimized.

In order to address the issue of motor temperature in hybrid transmission vehicles during uphill acceleration with a heavy load, we conducted a comprehensive analysis on the impact of acceleration on motor temperature rise. Firstly, this study investigates the causes of excessive heat generation in the motor under high torque load, as well as the primary factors contributing to heat production. Secondly, we implemented various calibration strategies to mitigate overheating issues during high torque acceleration. Finally, optimized calibration and real-world vehicle testing were performed for comparison. The test results demonstrate that this calibration method effectively resolves the problem of excessive thermal load during heavy load uphill conditions while also enhancing drivability.

A design method for optimizing the shape and size of concrete pumping pipes is proposed to address practical engineering challenges. Initially, various cross-sectional shapes for the pipeline were designed to improve deflection. The finite element analysis software ANSYS Workbench co-simulation platform was utilized for parametric modeling, structural analysis, and lightweight pipeline design through seamless integration of its Mechanica and DX modules. The DX module was employed in combination with the response surface method based on neural network and MOGA (multi-objective genetic algorithm) to effectively reduce the weight of the pump pipe and enhance bending strength in order to meet increased deflection design requirements.

TVS-2M fuel rods are one of the most advanced high consumption nuclear fuel element products which in used currently, to detect the helium pressure value inside the rod, destructive puncture method is using now, which is not economically and automatically. For these reasons, non-destructive method is considered to carry out measuring. The use of Fourier's law of thermal conductivity and the basic principles of fluids, combined with the relevant principles of electronic control, then established TVS-2M fuel rod non-destructive helium pressure equipment, did explore fuel rod heating parts, and constructed digital-analog conversion simulation of the absolute pressure of the gas P and the measured value of the analog signal Du function of the relationship between the helium pressure in the rod for the measurement of the helium pressure. The following conclusions were obtained: Firstly, the most accurate helium pressure detection site is located at 50mm from the upper end plug of the fuel rod. Secondly, through digital-to-analog conversion, a model for detecting the helium pressure value inside the fuel rod was established to accurately measure the helium filling pressure inside the fuel rod.

In order to tackle the issue of increased clutch surface temperature in hybrid transmission vehicles during heavy load acceleration, a thorough analysis was carried out to examine the impact of acceleration stages on temperature rise. This study investigates the reasons behind excessive heat generation in the clutch during high torque acceleration, as well as the primary factors influencing slip work production. Several calibration strategies are proposed to address overheating problems during high torque acceleration, and optimized calibration along with real-world vehicle testing are also performed for comparison. The results of the tests show that this calibration approach effectively demonstrate a 78.3% improvement in max C0 clutch temperature during transition, ultimately leading to enhanced drivability.

Non-grid scanning of atomic force microscope can improve the imaging speed compared with traditional grid scanning, but when the speed is increased, the imaging quality may decrease. In this paper, the AFM system is built by ourselves, and the standard grid and human vascular smooth muscle cells are imaged by Cassini ellipse under-sampling. The samples of Cassini under-sampling are reconstructed by Gaussian regression, and compared with the traditional cubic spline interpolation reconstruction method. The results show that Gaussian regression has obvious improvement over traditional interpolation reconstruction for standard samples. When scanning cells, keep the under-sampling rate greater than 45%, so as to ensure a better reconstruction result.

In order to enhance the practical applicability of EHST (Electric Hydrostatic Transmission) in the engineering field, the basic characteristics of the vehicle powertrain system mainly composed of electric motor and hydrostatic transmission (variable-displacement pump and constant-displacement motor) were investigated in this paper. The computational expressions for the vehicle speed characteristics and the vehicle torque characteristics were deduced. Regression models for the external characteristics of the electric motor, the efficiency characteristics of the electric motor and the efficiency characteristics of the hydrostatic transmission system were established. The changes of electric motor speed, pump speed, electric motor torque, constant-displacement motor torque, displacement ratio and total system efficiency with the vehicle speed and load torque during the working process of EHST were observed and analyzed by means of contour diagrams. The results show that the EHST has a wide range of high-efficiency operating regions (62.75 % of the regions with ≥80 % maximum efficiency). The pump displacement during operation is generally higher than 80 % of the maximum displacement. The maximum load torque sustained by the vehicle shows a clear segmented linear function with the vehicle speed (3 segments).

The rolling linear guideway is a key component of the reciprocating linear motion system. Modeling the dynamic behavior of rolling linear guide is of great significance for analyzing the motion accuracy. The physical method was presented by Li et al. However, there is a obvious error between the theoretical solution and the experimental results. To reduce the error, the data-model driven modeling method is proposed for describing the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the rolling linear guideway in this work. The parameters in the physical model are identified by the intelligent optimization algorithm (in this work, Particle Swarm Optimization are employed) and experimental data. The objective function is to minimize the absolute error between the theoretical acceleration and the corresponding experimental one. The constraint condition is to meet the assembly requirements of the rolling linear guide. The experimental results shown that the solution accuracy of the proposed method is almost 100% higher than that of the theoretical solution method.

In order to meet the wave transmissivity requirements of the millimeter wave radar arranged behind the bumper, a model of the wave transmissivity performance of the painted bumper was established based on the transmission line model. Taking the one way attenuation value of the radar signal as the optimization objective, important parameters such as the substrate thickness of the painted cover plate, the film thickness of different paint layers, the relative permittivity, the loss tangent and the incident angle were studied. The simulation and experimental results show that the bumper substrate thickness and silver paint with high relative dielectric constant have a key impact on the performance of millimeter wave radar. Considering two layers of paint, the wave transmissivity of the silver bumper decreases obviously. The gradient descent method is used to optimize the bumper substrate thickness. The results show that through the optimization of substrate thickness and tolerance control, the one way attenuation values of bumper are all meets the requirement in the radar signal frequency band.

Eye-gaze interaction is one of the promising interactive modes with the help of human nature. The Eye-gaze interface is composed of multiple functional elements, and users need to navigate and gaze between multiple elements due to the impact of tasks. The correlation between layout and performance has become one of the key criteria for optimizing the design of gaze interfaces. The present study constructed an eye-gaze interactive task environment on the basis of Tobii X2-30 and Tobii studio, selected the optimal parameters for the area of focus and gaze duration so as to ensure the performance, and discussed the influence mechanism of the layout attributes on the effects of the eye-gaze interaction from the aspects of familiarity, interference and vectoring. The results show that familiarity, interference and distance have significant influence on the eye-gaze interactive effectiveness, but the direction tendency is not obvious to the effect, which provide design advice for the eye-gaze interface layout.

Full-ceramic spindles are widely used in precision machine tools due to their high rotational speed and high accuracy, due to the geometrical characteristics of angular contact bearings, axial perturbations and thus vibration can occur in highspeed rotations. In this paper, a 5-DOF dynamic model considering the axial disturbance of ceramic bearing inner ring is constructed and the vibration characteristics are analyzed. The vibration cycle laws and variations of the all-ceramic spindle are explained by time-frequency domain analysis, and the vibration test platform of the all-ceramic spindle in silicon nitride is built for vibration data acquisition. The results show that the average error between calculated data of model and the vibration amplitude of experimental results is 3.45%, which indicates that the model proposed is able to simulate the vibration state under the actual working conditions, and provides a certain theoretical basis for the study of the dynamic characteristics of ceramic spindle.

Eccentric vibration can present a potential risk to the lifetime and dynamic stability of maglev centrifugal air compressor (MCAC). Aiming at the support characteristics of a MCAC magnetic bearing rotor system (MBRS), a 5-dof dynamic model was established by constructing a complete closed-loop model of the system. The electromagnetic control system is expressed by the corresponding equivalent coefficient and equivalent damping. Considering mass eccentricity andair-gap eccentricity to the dynamic characteristics of MBRS, using New mark implicit integration numerical method and stability of the steady response simulation was discussed. The research has essential reference significance for the structural design and controller commissioning.

In order to reduce the ground roll distance during landing or rejected takeoff, cascade-type thrust reversers are adopted by modern civil aircraft to turn part of fan duct flow forward to generate braking forces, which results in thrust reverser exhaust flows affecting the aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft. Numerical simulation of the flow field around a wing-mount civil aircraft with engines operating in reversed mode shows that exhaust flows from the thrust reverser cascades block the incoming flow and create a low energy area in the flow field around the airframe behind them. As the aircraft slows down and exhaust flow is less suppressed by the incoming flow, this affected area around the aircraft expands causing the changes in aircraft aerodynamic characteristics more significant. It is observed in the wind tunnel test using TPS (Turbine Powered Simulation) techniques to simulate thrust reverser exhaust flows that aircraft drag coefficient and yaw moment coefficient produced by rudder deflection of zero angle of side-slip at 60kts (knots) are only 55% and 25% of that of 140kts respectively due to the intensified shielding effect of exhaust flows from both engines’ cascades at lower speeds and that spoiler effectiveness at typical engine power for thrust reverser application is only 35%~59% that of idling power over the aircraft speed range from 60kts to 140kts.

The accelerated technological advancements in cyber-physical systems and edge computing have led to the maturity of self-organizing manufacturing systems. Many studies have addressed the optimization problem throughout the resource configuration process. With the current rapid growth in the number of manufacturing resources and the complexity of the relations among resources, it is necessary to analyze the utilization and workload of resources from a large-scale network perspective, in addition to the traditional optimization metrics such as time, cost, and quality. In this paper, a social learning framework was proposed based on the opinion dynamics models. Therefore, manufacturing resources can proactively share their states, e.g., busyness level, and negotiate their respective prices for use accordingly. The dynamic pricing mechanism was designed for better workload balancing as well as production pace management. Numerical experiments showed that the proposed methods can be easily integrated with other resource configuration algorithms to further optimize workload balancing and pace management.

Based on the study background of the fracture of the guide bearing of the actuator ball screw pair after the servo mechanism was subjected to mechanical vibration and impact environmental tests, a finite element model of the servo actuator was established, and product failure was analyzed using a combination of theoretical calculation and simulation analysis. Mechanism analysis used finite element analysis to calculate the response results of the actuator guide bearing under actual excitation response. The results showed that due to the installation gap at the connection between the actuator and the fixture, the mechanical response magnitude of the specimen during the test was too large and the bearing fracture occurred under the action of excessive radial load. By improving the test fixture, the test verification was completed.

In order to solve the problem of scrap iron, large ore and large tree roots that are difficult to be crushed by the crusher on the ore sorting conveyor belt in the mine, an ore sorting manipulator was proposed to sort the foreign matter on the conveyor belt. Firstly, the attention mechanism CA is introduced into the feature layer extracted by the backbone network of YOLOv7 algorithm to distinguish and locate the ores and foreign bodies on the conveyor belt, which improves the detection accuracy of the algorithm. The Map and F1 values of ores, large ores, scrap iron blocks and large roots are compared and analyzed. The Map values of four of them are good, close to 90%. Then, Matlab was used to simulate and analyze the trajectory planning of the robotic arm, and it was concluded that the optimization result of the robotic arm using the adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm was 25.6, which was better than that of the robotic arm using the standard particle swarm optimization algorithm (52.7), and the time was also optimized by 50%.

Combined with the working principle and failure mechanism of the three-spindle precision drilling and milling vertical machining center, the X-swing and Y-axis torsion of the spindle system in the three-order vibration mode of the machining center spindle system, the Z-direction torsion of the four-order vibration mode of the spindle system, the Y-direction torsion of the five-order vibration mode of the spindle system, and the Y-swing of the six-order vibration mode of the spindle system accompanied by rotation around the z-axis were analyzed. The main shaft system is analyzed statically. Select the center point of the end face on the spindle system combined with the three spindles, and apply 1500N load in the X-direction , Y-direction and Z-direction respectively to observe the deformation and stress. Through comparison, it is found that the peak value of the amplitude-frequency curve in all directions after optimization also has different amplitude reduction, the maximum peak value in the X-direction decreased by 34.71%, the maximum peak value in the Y-direction decreased by 22.21%, and the maximum peak value in the Z-direction decreased by 19.29%, indicating that the optimization of the spindle system has significantly improved the dynamic performance of the machine tool in all directions.

Automation is increasingly utilized in the textile sector, notably the twisting workshop's yarn bobbin distribution. Our research introduces a dynamic multi-automated guided vehicle (AGV) path planning system to enhance the yarn bobbin distribution. A stationary robot palletizes bobbins at the transfer center, while omnidirectional AGVs distribute them based on straight-twisting machine needs. An improved GWO algorithm is at the system's heart, planning paths by considering AGVs' real-time positions, task priorities, layout, and statuses, with real-time adjustments for environmental shifts and AGV conflict minimization. Simulations confirm the system's efficacy in reducing AGV conflicts, boosting efficiency, and cutting task times, outperforming traditional Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithms. This efficient AGV path planning system offers new perspectives for industrial automation in distribution.

A Model Predictive Control (MPC) semi-active suspension controller was designed and deployed on a real autonomous vehicle platform for experimental research on trajectory tracking performance. The experimental results indicate that the designed MPC semi-active suspension controller can reduce the vehicle's roll angle, pitch angle, and vertical acceleration during driving, and it can also decrease the trajectory tracking error. While enhancing the trajectory tracking accuracy of autonomous vehicles, it also provides improved driving stability and ride comfort.

Electromagnetism is an important branch of physics. It is of great significance to study the motion of charged particles in the electromagnetic field. However, when solving complex physical problems, the electromagnetic field is often non-uniform, which makes the experiment difficult to operate and the phenomenon difficult to observe. To solve this problem, the simulation program is used to visualize the particle trajectory. Firstly, with the help of the powerful calculation and drawing functions of Matlab, the calculation program of charged particle trajectory based on Matlab is compiled. Then, with the help of Matlab App Designer,a simulation platform is built to visually present the trajectory of charged particles in the electromagnetic field. Finally, based on the principle of human-computer interaction, a simple and beautiful user interface is designed. The electric field parameters, magnetic field parameters and particle parameters in the interface can be adjusted by the user to simulate the trajectory of particles in various non-uniform fields. In the result part, the motion images of a single charged particle in the electromagnetic field under four different conditions are displayed. At the same time, the simulation App can also visualize the magnetic field lines and help users master important information about the magnetic field strength, direction and gradient.

As the drilling operation progresses to deeper formations, the downhole environment gradually becomes more complex and variable, which puts higher demands on the performance of the elastic centraliser. The elasticity performance of the core component of the integral elastic centraliser, the centraliser arcualia, is the key index to measure the performance of the whole centraliser. Among them, the reset force of the arcualia and its strain energy density are important parameters for evaluating the elastic properties of the arcualia, and they directly affect the efficiency and reliability of the centraliser. In this paper, a three-dimensional finite element model of borehole-centraliser-casing is established; based on the response surface method, the effects of three structural parameters, namely, the arcualia chord length, wall thickness and arcualia width, on the reset force and strain energy density of the armature are investigated and analysed. and the reliability of the finite element analysis is verified through experiments. The results of the study show that the primary and secondary factors affecting the reset force are: wall thickness, arcualia width and arcualia chord length; and the primary and secondary factors affecting the strain energy density are: arcualia width, wall thickness and arcualia chord length. The results provide a theoretical reference for the analysis of reset force and strain energy density by the geometry of integral elastic centralisers.

In order to study the effect of laser cutting process parameters on the slit width of garbage bags made of polyethylene (PE) material, Box-Behnken test was designed to test the cutting of polyethylene film using a 30 W fiber laser marking machine. Measurement of the slit width of polyethylene films using a Nikon microscope was used to analyze the pattern of the effect of different process parameters of the laser marking machine (amount of defocus, cutting speed, and laser power) on the slit width. Process parameters are optimized based on regression equations and actual cutting results. Based on the analysis of the experimental data and the modeling results, it can be determined that the effect of laser power and cutting speed on the slit width of polyethylene film is significant and strong, while the effect of the amount of laser defocus is relatively weak and of secondary importance. Finally, a validation test was conducted to obtain an average error of 6.167% in the model predictions.

The static stiffness of the mount is a critical parameter for the powertrain mounting system. A well-designed static stiffness can improve the performance of the powertrain mounting system. Before manufacturing the mounting sample, it is essential to conduct a finite element analysis of the static stiffness to enhance the development efficiency of the powertrain mounting system for new energy vehicles and shorten the development cycle. The research focuses on the bushing rubber mount. A finite element model is first created using Hypermesh software and then imported into ABQUS software to simulate and analyze the static stiffness in the X, Y, and Z directions. This simulation analysis method is reliable and can predict the three-dimensional static stiffness of the bushing rubber mount.

Taking a certain Thermoelectric cooling as the research object, we compared and analyzed the heat dissipation conditions of four radiators with different numbers of heat pipes under different currents, fin thicknesses, and different fin lengths of sub-fins, and obtained the radiator with the best heat dissipation and optimal operation working conditions. Research shows that when the current is 4A,the D-type’s chilly surface temperature rises to -19.6°C after decreasing to - 25.5°C, while the hot side temperature remains constantly rise. The greatest heat dissipation effect is achieved by Type D radiators, and the difference is most noticeable at 5A current. Compared to type A, the cold surface temperature is 3°C lower and the hot surface temperature is 6.9°C lower. The fin thickness of the D-type radiator was optimized using the controlled variable method. According to the study, the optimal conditions for heat dissipation are 1.25 mm fin thickness, 71.5°C hot surface, and -21.1 °C cold surface. Finally, a sub-fin is proposed and the length of the sub-fin is optimized by controlling variables. Studies reveal that the optimal conditions for heat dispersion are an 80 mm sub-fin length, 63.8°C for the hot surface, and -25 °C for the cold surface.

This paper examines the overall dynamic behavior of a customized sliding track used in conjunction with a piezoelectric cantilever beam energy harvester. The sliding track is designed to slide over a spring, inducing oscillations in the cantilever beam. Three different types of sliding orbits, namely monostable, bistable, and tristable, are tailored for investigating the performance of the energy harvester. Initially, we develop a mathematical model to describe the system dynamics and discuss the equilibrium steady state and potential well of its dimensionless form. To analyze periodic solutions near the equilibrium points for all three models, we employ a multiscale method that addresses saddle-knot bifurcation problems. To validate our predictions, we utilize numerical simulations based on the 4th Runge-Kutta method along with point mapping techniques to determine coexisting attractors and their domains of attraction. The results obtained from these simulations align closely with our theoretical predictions, demonstrating that at low frequencies, the three-steady-state model exhibits superior energy harvesting performance. This research has significant implications for optimizing piezoelectric energy harvesters through structural design.

The modeling methods for ADCs are generally divided into circuit level and system level, in this paper we consider the non-ideal parameters of general ADCs and select THD and ENOB as the parameters for modeling, and model the ADCs through MATLAB SIMULINK to realize the modeling simulation of unknown ADCs. Harmonics are modeled in the form of polynomials, the noise that causes the difference between SNR and SNDR is considered and introduced into the Gaussian white noise channel, the effects of these noises are added to the model, and finally all the above sub-modules are placed through serial to achieve the modeling simulation of an unknown ADC. Subsequent comparisons by way of adding single-tone signals versus two-tone signals and with actual measurements of two ADCs reveal that the ADC model obtained using this modeling method can be modeled more accurately for SFDRs not exceeding 70 dB.

The visualization of nuclear radiation is of significant importance for the planning, safety assessment, and educational training of nuclear facilities. Traditional nuclear radiation visualization methods rely on simplified geometric models and limited perspectives, making it difficult to provide sufficient details and a comprehensive visual experience. This paper proposes a ray casting-based volume rendering technique for high-precision visualization of nuclear radiation virtual simulation. By combining inverse distance weighting (IDW), our method can achieve real-time, high-quality rendering of complex nuclear radiation scenarios. Firstly, we introduced the basic principles of ray casting and volume rendering techniques, with a focus on discussing their application challenges and solutions in nuclear radiation data visualization. Then, through a series of simulation experiments, we validated the advantages of IDW in rendering efficiency and visual effects. The experimental results show that, compared to traditional ray casting algorithms, our method can more accurately reflect the spatial distribution characteristics of the nuclear radiation field and provide richer visual information. Lastly, we explore the application prospects of ray casting-based volume rendering technology in areas such as nuclear radiation safety assessment, facility design, and educational training. This paper not only provides an effective technical path for the high-quality visualization of nuclear radiation environments, but also offers new tools and ideas for researchers and engineers in related fields.

Aiming at the solder joint cracking phenomenon of bus bar, a radar plane power supply was taken as the research object. The finite element model of solder joint of bus bar was established, and the stress simulation analysis of solder joint stress of bus bar under random vibration and temperature cycle was respectively carried out. The results show that compared with random vibration, temperature change has significant effect on solder joint stress. The influence of structure parameters of solder joint on stress under random vibration and temperature cycle was analyzed. The results show that in the temperature cycle process, the maximum stress of solder joint decreases by 3.5MPa after optimization. It is verified by physical test that increasing solder joint diameter or height can reduce the solder joint stress of bus bar under temperature cycle.

In order to determine the structural strength and load carrying capacity of the boom, a multi-body dynamic model of the gantry crane is established. Simulate the complete workflow under the maximum lifting mass, and get the dynamic load of the gantry crane boom; a finite element model of the gantry crane boom is established to analyze the mechanical properties of the boom under the dynamic load, which determine the change rule of the stress of the boom under various maximum load conditions. The results show that the structural strength of the gantry crane boom reaches the design requirements.Propose a reasonable cross-section optimization of the boom structure to improve the strength of the boom to reduce the stress. Finite element analysis of the optimized boom verifies the feasibility and reasonableness of the optimization method. It is necessary to analyze the stress change of the gantry crane under dynamic load by multi-body dynamics and finite element to determine the safety of the boom.

In this paper, a new model is developed for the extruder, a traditional industrial production equipment, which contains a thermodynamic model and a kinetic model of the extruder. This paper analyzes the dynamic and steady-state characteristics of the extruder. The new model can reflect the characteristics of the extruder system without excessive complexity, and it is suitable for use in practical control because it integrates the temperature control and power consumption control of the extruder. Finally, the new model was used to simulate the extruder, and the power consumption of the extruder was controlled by linear programming. The effect of the insulation level of the extruder on the power consumption was discussed.

Aiming at the energy leakage caused by lateral contact in the design of vibration isolation structure of vibration-isolation thrust bearing, the improved design idea of vibration isolation structure is put forward. Firstly, the mechanism and key parameters of lateral contact problem in terms of vibration isolation load and vibration transmission are studied. Secondly, the improvement design of thrust bearing vibration isolation structure is studied. Thirdly, the excitation testbed of variable load mass-stiffness system is designed. The results show that the damping problem of lateral contact is significantly improved when vibration isolation structure is symmetrically arranged double spring and linear rolling bearing. The vibration characteristic curve of improved structure is close to that of the pure spring The optimization method of vibration isolation structure can provide important reference for optimization and improvement design of vibration isolation thrust bearing.

In view of the heat transfer characteristics of cooling roll and roller, a new type of cooling roll is taken as the research object. On the basis of satisfying the mechanical properties of the cooling roll, a three-dimensional simulation model was established, and the fluid solid coupling conjugate heat transfer of the cooling roll assembly was analyzed by using the CFD method. The results show that the flow at the inlet and outlet reaches equilibrium, the coolant inlet temperature is 80 ℃, and the outlet temperature is 78.7 ℃. Under the condition of ℃, the difference between the maximum temperature and the minimum temperature is less than 5%, which is within a reasonable error range. The surface temperature of the roller is evenly distributed with the temperature of the cooling pipe and arranged in a regular cross shape, which is conducive to sheet forming. The middle temperature of the roller surface is low, and the temperature near the two sides gradually rises. The maximum temperature of the roller is 76.6 ℃, far less than the limit temperature. The heat exchange effect is good, and its structure meets the working performance requirements. In this paper, the conjugate coupled heat transfer analysis provides guidance for the forming design of related cooling roll sheets.

SiC single crystal is a typical difficult-to-process material with high brittleness and high hardness, SiO₂ oxide layer with lower hardness is formed on SiC surface by plasma electrochemical reaction, and then it is mechanically removed by abrasive with lower hardness to obtain lower surface roughness. Through the molecular dynamics simulation of mechanochemical action and microscopic removal of SiC oxide layer by mechanical polishing, the microscopic processes such as contact deformation, atomic scraping, friction change and temperature change between a single CeO₂ abrasive particle and SiO₂ oxide layer are studied. The indentation and scratching effects of abrasive particles on the oxide layer at different times are revealed from the atomic scale, and the microscopic removal mechanism of SiC oxide layer during mechanical polishing is explained. The research results enhance the understanding of microscopic removal of the SiO₂ oxide layer by CeO₂ abrasive particles, which provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of processing parameters for SiC oxide layer removal.

Vegetable oil have the advantages of environmental protection and stable physical and chemical properties. Furthermore, research has demonstrated that the lubricating performance of charged vegetable oils is significantly improved. Therefore, in this research, the COMSOL 5.6 software was used to simulate the electrowetting behavior of vegetable oil droplets across a range of voltages, exploring the effects of body charge and electric field force on the wettability of the droplets. The simulation results reveal that the charge density within the droplet is most concentrated in the top area near the electrode needle. Notably, the maximum charge density escalates with an increase in voltage, but the growth efficiency diminishes over time and with higher voltages. In addition, the distribution of the electric field force exerted on the droplet exhibits a gradient, and the electric field force increases as the voltage rises. The findings of this study lead to the conclusion that the wetting performance of vegetable oil droplets can be effectively optimized by controlling the voltage, that is, the electrowetting technique is an effective method for enhancing the wetting performance of vegetable oil lubricants.

Cable engineering, as a key link in the transmission of electrical energy, involves huge electrical energy consumption during its construction and operation phases. In order to reduce the energy loss and carbon emission of cable engineering, in-depth research on near-zero energy consumption technology in the whole life cycle of cable engineering has been carried out. While addressing the near-zero-energy construction of cable projects, we aim to carry out a study on the whole life cycle cost and carbon emission of the green construction process, which includes the production and transportation of materials and equipment, the construction, installation and commissioning phases, the operation and maintenance phases, and the disposal phase, taking into account the costs of these four phases. By comprehensively analyzing the costs and carbon emissions of each stage and introducing the carbon index to analyze the green economy of the scheme, we can achieve a dynamic balance between minimizing the costs and minimizing the carbon emissions of the cable project in long-term operation, and provide profound and practical support for the realization of the dual-carbon target and the promotion of the energy transition.

This study employed COMSOL 5.6 software to establish a two-dimensional axisymmetric model for the simulation of the electrowetting in composite droplets, with vegetable oil LB2000 and graphite water-based nanofluid as the external and internal fluids. The simulation results indicate that the internal fluid, possessing a higher electrostatic capability, is more susceptible to charge accumulation and experiences a greater axial electric field force. Acting as the "driving fluid" within the charged composite droplet, the flow of the internal fluid propels the spreading of the entire droplet, leading to a decrease in the contact angle. Additionally, the simulation also observed the velocity field and pressure field within the composite droplet, further revealing the process whereby the internal fluid, under the influence of the electric field force, flows outward and facilitates the spreading of the external fluid.

In the field of automobile engineering, the design and analysis of steering system is very important, which is directly related to the stability of vehicle control. As a key component of the steering system, the accuracy of the steering gear 's attitude has a significant impact on ensuring steering accuracy and reliability. In this paper, the simulation method based on Monte Carlo algorithm is used to analyze the moment of inertia of automobile steering gear and predict its performance under simulation conditions. By applying the algorithm to the analysis of the moment of inertia of the steering gear, the dynamic response of the gear is simulated more accurately. Through multiple calculation and analysis, the frequency distribution of steering gear error parameters is established, and the influence characteristics of different parameter changes on gear performance are obtained. The results show that the application of Monte Carlo simulation can effectively guide the design of steering gear and reduce the risk caused by parameter uncertainty.

In the context of rapid industrial advancement, there is an increasing demand for high performance and precision, particularly in the widespread application of hole structures. Tungsten, a material with an extremely high melting point and excellent physical properties, poses significant challenges to machining techniques. This paper introduces an electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) method, combining electric spark perforation and electrolysis in a saline solution with specific conductivity, effectively enhancing the efficiency of micro-hole machining in tungsten. The rapid formation of discharge channels, facilitated by the generation of gas, improves both erosion efficiency and discharge efficiency. Compared to traditional electric discharge machining (EDM), ECDM not only maintains high machining efficiency but also significantly improves the quality of machining by removing recast layers and micro-cracks through electrolytic action. This study demonstrates the advantages of ECDM in high-quality hole machining through comparative experiments, analyzes the machining outcomes under different electrical parameters, and achieves process optimization for tungsten hole machining, providing effective technological support for enhancing the reliability of tungsten in high-performance applications.