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The papers in this volume were part of the technical conference cited on the cover and title page. Papers were selected and subject to review by the editors and conference program committee. Some conference presentations may not be available for publication. Additional papers and presentation recordings may be available online in the SPIE Digital Library at SPIEDigitalLibrary.org. The papers reflect the work and thoughts of the authors and are published herein as submitted. The publisher is not responsible for the validity of the information or for any outcomes resulting from reliance thereon. Please use the following format to cite material from these proceedings: Author(s), “Title of Paper,” in International Symposium on Clusters and Nanomaterials, edited by Puru Jena, Anil K. Kandalam, Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 10174 (SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 2016) Seven-digit Article CID Number. ISSN: 0277-786X ISSN: 1996-756X (electronic) ISBN: 9781510608412 ISBN: 9781510608429 (electronic) Published by SPIE P.O. Box 10, Bellingham, Washington 98227-0010 USA Telephone +1 360 676 3290 (Pacific Time) · Fax +1 360 647 1445 Copyright © 2016, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. Copying of material in this book for internal or personal use, or for the internal or personal use of specific clients, beyond the fair use provisions granted by the U.S. Copyright Law is authorized by SPIE subject to payment of copying fees. The Transactional Reporting Service base fee for this volume is $18.00 per article (or portion thereof), which should be paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. Payment may also be made electronically through CCC Online at copyright.com. Other copying for republication, resale, advertising or promotion, or any form of systematic or multiple reproduction of any material in this book is prohibited except with permission in writing from the publisher. The CCC fee code is 0277-786X/16/$18.00. Printed in the United States of America. Publication of record for individual papers is online in the SPIE Digital Library. Paper Numbering: Proceedings of SPIE follow an e-First publication model. A unique citation identifier (CID) number is assigned to each article at the time of publication. Utilization of CIDs allows articles to be fully citable as soon as they are published online, and connects the same identifier to all online and print versions of the publication. SPIE uses a seven-digit CID article numbering system structured as follows:
AuthorsNumbers in the index correspond to the last two digits of the seven-digit citation identifier (CID) article numbering system used in Proceedings of SPIE. The first five digits reflect the volume number. Base 36 numbering is employed for the last two digits and indicates the order of articles within the volume. Numbers start with 00, 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 0A, 0B…0Z, followed by 10-1Z, 20-2Z, etc. Ahuja, R., 09 Ainane, A., 09 Alberi, Kirstin, 0F Anderson, J. R., 08 Beaton, Daniel A., 0F Bouhou, S., 09 Christian, Theresa M., 0F Dobrowolski, W., 08 El Hamri, M., 09 Essaoudi, I., 09 Fedorchenko, I. V., 08 Fluegel, Brian, 0E Giri, Santanab, 0J Górska, M., 08 Häkkinen, Hannu, 03 Hermann, Eric, 04 Hoang, Khang, 0B Jena, Puru, 05, 0C, 0H, 0J Jensen, Torben R., 0D Kandalam, Anil K., 04 Khojasteh, Malak, 07 Kilanski, L., 08 Kresin, Vitaly V., 07 Li, Hai-Wen, 0D Mahanti, Subhendra D., 0B Marenkin, S. F., 08 Mascarenhas, Angelo, 0E, 0F McLeskey, James T., Jr., 0J Milani, Paolo, 0G Minnai, Chloé, 0G Montone, Georgia R., 04 Moore, Corell H., 0J Podgórni, A., 08 Potenza, Marco A. C., 0G Remhof, Arndt, 0A Rentsch, Daniel, 0A Reveles, J. Ulises, 06 Shillady, D. D., 06 Slynko, E. I., 08 Slynko, V. E., 08 Sprowls, Cameron J., 0I Sun, Qiang, 0C Szymczak, R., 08 Trindle, C., 06 Waite, Matthew M., 0I Wang, Lai-Sheng, 02 Wang, Qian, 05 Yan, Yigang, 0A Yu, Jiabing, 0C Zhang, Shunhong, 05 Zhou, Jian, 0H Conference CommitteeSymposium Chair Secretary International Advisory Board
Organizing Committee
IntroductionThis volume contains the proceedings from the International Symposium on Clusters and Nanomaterials (ISCAN) held in Richmond, Virginia, United States, 26– 29 October 2015. This symposium was the ninth installment in the quadrennial Richmond Symposium series that began in 1982. The 2015 symposium dealt with the role of clusters and nanomaterials in addressing challenges in energy and life sciences, two of the areas that are of vital importance to society. The symposium focused on the role clusters and nanomaterials play in the development of novel materials for energy applications, such as solar, hydrogen, thermo-electric, and electrochemical storage. For life sciences, the focus was on bioactive, bio responsive, and biomimetic nanomaterials; nanotoxicity; bioengineering; and regenerative medicine. Interdisciplinary topics such as reactions; catalysis, electronic, optical and magnetic properties of nanoparticles and nanomaterials were also discussed. This interdisciplinary symposium featured 39 invited speakers and 83 contributed presentations. Nearly 130 researchers and scientists from Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Materials Science, Medicine, and Engineering fields from 22 countries attended this symposium and shared their ideas and results, delineated outstanding problems, and discussed future research. This symposium was sponsored by Virginia Commonwealth University, and endorsed by American Physical Society, American Chemical Society, Materials Research Society, and American Vacuum Society. The proceedings are published by SPIE. This symposium would not have been possible without the tireless efforts of the members of the Organizing Committee, the input from the International Advisory Board, and the financial support from Virginia Commonwealth University, the U.S. Department of Energy, National Science Foundation, and Toyota Laboratories. Our special thanks go to the undergraduate, graduate students, and postdoctoral fellows in the Physics, Chemistry, and Engineering Departments of Virginia Commonwealth University for volunteering their services during the organization of this symposium, and to the participants for the high quality of their presentations. Last, but not least, to Mrs. Barbara Martin for her assistance throughout the two-year period this symposium was in the making. Puru Jena Anil K. Kandalam |
