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1.INTRODUCTIONGeoinformation technology is widely used for technical analysis of rural development and planning [1,2,3,4]. This often requires good spatial database to fulfil the potential of rural area [5]. However, each village has distinct characteristic and some remote rural area does not have proper spatial data [6]. Without possessing deep knowledge of the area, GIS technical analysis in laboratory needs to be carefully validated. Incorporating local participation in geoinformation technology is very important because it would be one possible solution in order to ameliorate the end products of GIS analysis. Jimbung Village, Klaten Regency, Indonesia is currently trying to improve its non-agricultural sector by using GIS approach. Nowadays, rural agriculture sector is already well organized by its 9,919 residents thanks to average rainfall of 1459.2 mm/year. The climate of Jimbung Village consists of 5 dry months, 1 humid month and 6 wet months. Agriculture is carried out on Entisols (USDA soil classification) or Regosols (FAO soil classification), which are formed from weathered volcanic parent materials. Eight local farmer groups are quite effective in managing rice as the main commodity, as well as additional commodities such as corn, peanuts, sugar cane. This farmer groups also manages 198 cows, 27 buffaloes, 6 horses, 465 goats, and 24,573 poultry [7]. In consequence of a famous folklore of the mystifying origin of turtles Bulus Jimbung living in local lake (151 m asl), Jimbung Village is able to attract many curious visitors. This would turn tourism sector into a new potential flagship sector and should be integrated with rural agricultural sector. Not to mention, its geographical location adjacent to the Rowo Jombor Reservoir makes the rural agricultural sector have a great potential to be integrated with the tourism sector. Spatial development of tourism sector is actually quite challenging because only 40.4% of the village area is dedicated for non-paddy field land use (161.2 ha of the total area of the village of 399.8 ha). However, village inventory land is still 43.9 ha. The land can certainly be empowered if the village government is interested and serious the tourism sector. The main problem that arises is the need for characterization of rural areas to optimize non-paddy field land use for tourism purposes due to the limited application of mapping technology in the community [8,9]. The characterization of participatory areas has to be emphasized because it will incorporate detailed local knowledge is only owned by local residents [10]. This study aims to: (1) identify the spatial resources of Jimbung Village to support the diversification of the leading sectors, and (2) to combine the latest geo-information technology and local community knowledge in the form of participatory mapping. 2.METHODSThis study is focused on Jimbung village, Klaten Regency, Indonesia. The first constraint is that there is no clear village boundary provided by governmental institutions. In consequence, village boundary has to be determined. It is carried out in 3 steps: (1) Acquisition of village boundary shapefile collection from InaGeoportal and making tentative village boundary map layouts, (2) direct correction of village boundaries on the tentative boundary map by village officers, and (3) survey and boundary tracking in the village together with the village officers in the field allowing us to record the coordinates of the boundary marks. The 14.27 km Jimbung Village Boundary Map is later demoted to the Community Boundary Map (RW). The identification of biotic, abiotic and social conditions is carried out by relying on aerial and surface observation (Figure 1). The effectiveness and flexibility of aerial observation using satellite imagery and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are used as the key of a quick survey in the area that covers the entire village. UAV’s flight path is predetermined using flight planner to take aerial photographs upright from a height of 100 m with an area of overlapping area between photos by 60%. The aerial photo is combined into an aerial photo mosaic and then displayed on an administrative map. Surface observations are carried out to validate the results of identification through aerial observation. Stratified random sampling on map units is applied to get good accuracy without spending a lot of time for sampling. The results of assessing abiotic, biotic and social conditions are combined in the Geographic Information System (GIS) database. The village development plan is obtained from Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), which are attended by village stakeholders (Government, developers, entrepreneurs, and local community). The FGDs are held twice in 2018 and are attended by 10 and 25 people for the first and second FGD consecutively. The FGDs focus on gathering information about village development programs that have been, are being and will be implemented for at least the next 3 years. The GIS database that has been produced in Work Package 1 (WP 1) is combined with the knowledge of local communities about their area (WP 3). Acquisition of spatial information is packaged in the form of PLA (Participatory Learning and Action) on the description (5W 1H) of each attribute on each entity on the map. All abiotic, biotic and social information and also village development plans are outlined in the form of village maps (WP 4) to facilitate community understanding of village spatial aspects. 3.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION3.1Administration MapJimbung Village with a total area of 4,537,750 m2 (453 ha) consists of 29 smaller administrative/hamlet areas called Rukun Warga/RW (Figure 2). Determination of RW boundaries is based on interviews with RW leaders and local residents during boundary tracking using the Global Positioning System (GPS). After determining the administrative boundaries at the village and RW levels, UAV was used to map land use in the Jimbung village area in detail. We found that several version of administrative boundaries maps have been produced without the same geometry. Village officer was really helpful to produce the right administrative boundaries. It is fundamental for further analysis in GIS [11,12]. 3.2Resources MapsBased on field observations including geomorphological, land use and socio-economic assessments, we intended to make village’s potential activities map that includes: Industry, Processed Foods, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, and Tourism. Industries in Jimbung Village are generally classified as household scale with various leading commodities such as brick, furniture, light cup, tile, brick, pottery, laundry deodorizer, placard, gravestone, and nameplate (Figure 3). In addition to industry, Jimbung Village also has various types of SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) that are involved in processed foods. Like other rural areas, Jimbung Village is inseparable from agricultural activities. Paddy fields of 238.5 ha (more than 50% of the village area) indicate that rice cultivation are still dominant. Spatial distribution of paddy fields is found in the northwest, east, southeast and south of Jimbung Village. This is in accordance with the geomorphology of Jimbung village in the form of alluvial plains so that it is suitable for rice cultivation. In addition to rice cultivation, Jimbung Village also promotes horticultural crops such as cucumbers, onions, melons and chilies in the western end of the Jimbung Village Area (Figure 3). Animal Husbandry in Jimbung Village is another potential sector that can be developed much more optimally. Jimbung village is famous for its starling bird farms which are spread in the central part (RW 7, RW 13, RW 14, RW 16), east (RW 23), and north (RW 11) village area. Training facilities and bird competitions are also available. However, starling Farms are highly dependent on the latest government policy updates that classify and exclude starlings from the list of protected animals. Besides starlings, Lovebird birds are also a commodity developed in the central (RW 14) and northern (RW 9 and RW 29) villages of Jimbung. Besides birds, fish farming is also being promoted, especially Gourami and Nila fish in RW 12 and RW 9. The potentiality of Tourism sector cannot be ruled out. Sendang Bulus is a very prominent tourist attraction from Jimbung Village which is located in the southeastern part of the Village area (RW 21). In addition, there are religious tourism such as the Tomb of Panembahan Rama (RW 28), the Tomb of Pangeran Palgunadi and Bukit Pertapaan (RW 10). Jimbung Village also developed the Jimbung Tebing Gombyok / JTG Tourism area to the north of the village. 3.3Future development of Jimbung VillageActive participation from local stakeholders is fundamental for spatial identification of the development plan of Jimbung Village. A very striking development is the conversion of agricultural land into settlements and shophouses (Rumah Toko). This conversion is done by justification that agricultural land is no longer productive or agricultural land is in the form of swamps that is almost permanently inundated. Spatial distribution of residential locations that want to be developed is in the eastern, central, southern and northeastern parts of Jimbung Village (Figure 4). The construction of settlements is preffered on the side of the main road because of easy accessibility. Some of the agricultural land which currently has a total area of more than 50% of the Jimbung Village area will also be converted to an industrial estate. The area is located in the northeast of the village, precisely in the south of RW 24. Unveiled spatial planning of this industrial area leads to a polemic over the acquisition of agricultural land in the region. The reason for choosing the location of agricultural land to be converted is the same as the argument for the conversion of agricultural land for settlement, namely the decreasing productivity of agricultural land. The development of Jimbung Village is not only through land conversion, but also the conversion of existing potentials, such as the Fish Seed Hall, Multipurpose Building, Bata Genting Center, Sports Center, Horticultural Center, Kampung Jalak, as well as Riverside. The forestry sector will also be integrated with the tourism sector by building two attractions, namely Jimbung Tebing Gobyok (JTG) and Wonorejo. The idea of the construction of the location of the attraction comes from the desire of citizens to increase the quantity of domestic tourist visits, which so far have only focused on Sendang Bulus and Rowo Jombor. Rowo Jombor was officially handed over by Krakit Village in the east of Jimbung Village. However, the access to get to Rowo Jombor has to cross Jimbung Village. The high attractiveness of Rowo Jombor to domestic tourists, made Jimbung village plan to build a tourist and parking area that borders directly with Rowo Jombor. This is expected to fasten the economic wheels in Jimbung Village. Geoinformation technologies including Remote Sensing and GIS have been developed very well recently [13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]. In order to support development plan of certain area and to evaluate existing condition [19], researches have invented spatial model [20], 4D-GIS Model [21], GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis techniques [22], or even better GIS augmented computational intelligence technique [23]. Those approaches are very strong technically. However, in certain circumstance, especially in developing countries, incorporating local participation can greatly improve the end product of GIS analysis [9]. This paper shows that using ordinary protocol of Geoinformation Technology that has been described in the methodology, the output map can only describe the existing features within the study area (Figure 3). However, if local participation is incorporated into the protocol, valuable complementary information and its justification appears spontaneously. This can improve the product of geoinformation technology itself [8]. 4.CONCLUSIONBased on the explanation of these results, the following conclusions can be drawn:
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