The upconversion fluorescence properties of Er3+ ions were studied for several glasses in the systems of fluoride, fluorophosphate, and oxide. As an excitation source, the infrared radiation of a GaAlAs laser diode ((lambda) equals 802 nm) was used. A green emission due to 4S3/2-4I15/2 transition could be observed not only for fluoride glasses but also for some oxide glasses composed of heavy metal ions with 30 mW excitation. It was found from the photon sideband spectra that the upconversion intensity was influenced by the energy of phonons coupled with the rare-earth ions and that the energy almost corresponded to the stretching vibration in each glass. The temperature dependence of upconversion intensity was large for the fluoride system, while it was small for the fluorophosphate system. These tendencies could be well explained by considering the temperature dependence of the multiphoton relaxation rate, which is a function of the phonon energy consumed during the nonradiative decay. The results were discussed combined with those of 151Eu-Mossbauer spectroscopy on the local structure and covalency of rare- earth ions in these glasses.
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