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Short amplifying waveguides in which the dopand is confined to the waveguide core were realized by a new glass processing technology with high demands to the optical and thermal properties of the core, cladding and substrate glass. By the improvement of the etching procedures primary structures with a roughness of less than 50 nm were obtained. Simulations, which showed that in a 12 cm waveguide 20 dB gain can be achieved at 1549 nm, were made to evaluate the potential of the amplifier. Gain measurements were performed in waveguides with a dopand concentration of 3 wt.% erbium and an internal gain of more 3.7 dB was achieved in a 1.8 mm glass waveguide at a wavelength of 1549 nm.
Juergen Graf,H. Sautter, andRoland Mueller-Fiedler
"Short amplifying planar waveguides by new glass processing technology", Proc. SPIE 3099, Micro-optical Technologies for Measurement, Sensors, and Microsystems II and Optical Fiber Sensor Technologies and Applications, (24 September 1997); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.281220
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Juergen Graf, H. Sautter, Roland Mueller-Fiedler, "Short amplifying planar waveguides by new glass processing technology," Proc. SPIE 3099, Micro-optical Technologies for Measurement, Sensors, and Microsystems II and Optical Fiber Sensor Technologies and Applications, (24 September 1997); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.281220