Low-temperature wafer-level gold thermocompression bonding: modeling of flatness deviations and associated process optimization for high yield and tough bonds

Konstantinos Stamoulis; Christine H. Tsau; S. Mark Spearing

doi:10.1117/12.590976

22 January 2005 Low-temperature wafer-level gold thermocompression bonding: modeling of flatness deviations and associated process optimization for high yield and tough bonds

Konstantinos Stamoulis, Christine H. Tsau, S. Mark Spearing

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 5716, Reliability, Packaging, Testing, and Characterization of MEMS/MOEMS IV; (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.590976
Event: MOEMS-MEMS Micro and Nanofabrication, 2005, San Jose, California, United States

Abstract

Wafer-level, thermocompression bonding is a promising technique for MEMS packaging. The quality of the bond is critically dependent on the interaction between flatness deviations, the gold film properties and the process parameters and tooling used to achieve the bonds. The effect of flatness deviations on the resulting bond is investigated in the current work. The strain energy release rate associated with the elastic deformation required to overcome wafer bow is calculated. A contact yield criterion is used to examine the pressure and temperature conditions required to flatten surface roughness asperities in order to achieve bonding over the full apparent area. The results are compared to experimental data of bond yield and toughness obtained from four-point bend delamination testing and microscopic observations of the fractured surfaces. Conclusions from the modeling and experiments indicate that wafer bow has negligible effect on determining the variability of bond quality and that the well-bonded area is increased with increasing bonding pressure. The enhanced understanding of the underlying deformation mechanisms allows for a better controlled trade-off between the bonding pressure and temperature.

Citation Download Citation

Konstantinos Stamoulis, Christine H. Tsau, and S. Mark Spearing "Low-temperature wafer-level gold thermocompression bonding: modeling of flatness deviations and associated process optimization for high yield and tough bonds", Proc. SPIE 5716, Reliability, Packaging, Testing, and Characterization of MEMS/MOEMS IV, (22 January 2005); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.590976

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