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In this work a model of ion transport in ionic liquid-based ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMC's) is formulated using
Nernst-Planck/Poisson (NPP) theory and numerical simulations are performed using the finite element method. IPMC's
are smart materials which act as both sensors and actuators, and the use of an ionic liquid has been shown to
dramatically increase transducer lifetime in free-air use while also allowing for higher applied voltages without chemical
decomposition. We consider both the cation and anion of the ionic liquid to be mobile in addition to the mobile countercation
of the transducer. The results show a nonlinear dynamic response which gives insight into transduction
mechanisms which are unique to ionic liquid IPMC's as compared to their water-based counterparts.
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Jacob D. Davidson, N. C. Goulbourne, "Ion transport in ionic liquid-swollen ionic polymer transducers," Proc. SPIE 7289, Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional Materials and Composites 2009, 72891F (31 March 2009); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.816080