Volume 28 Issue 11 | Journal of Biomedical Optics

Journal of Biomedical Optics

VOL. 28 · NO. 11 | November 2023

CONTENTS

IN THIS ISSUE

General (3)

Imaging (2)

Microscopy (3)

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General

Absorption and reduced scattering coefficients in epidermis and dermis from a Swedish cohort study

Hanna Jonasson, Ingemar Fredriksson, Sara Bergstrand, Carl Johan Östgren, Marcus Larsson, Tomas Strömberg

Journal of Biomedical Optics, Vol. 28, Issue 11, 115001, (November 2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.28.11.115001

TOPICS: Absorption, Scattering, Skin, Tissues, Optical properties, Blood, Data modeling, Monte Carlo methods, Oxygen, In vivo imaging

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Self-calibrated pulse oximetry algorithm based on photon pathlength change and the application in human freedivers

Jingyi Wu, J. Chris McKnight, Eva-Maria S. Bønnelycke, Gerardo Bosco, Tommaso Antonio Giacon, Jana M. Kainerstorfer

Journal of Biomedical Optics, Vol. 28, Issue 11, 115002, (November 2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.28.11.115002

TOPICS: Calibration, Blood, Oximetry, Monte Carlo methods, Algorithm development, Oxygen, Near infrared spectroscopy, Detection and tracking algorithms, Biological samples, Computer simulations

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Significance

Pulse oximetry estimates the arterial oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SaO₂) based on relative changes in light intensity at the cardiac frequency. Commercial pulse oximeters require empirical calibration on healthy volunteers, resulting in limited accuracy at low oxygen levels. An accurate, self-calibrated method for estimating SaO₂ is needed to improve patient monitoring and diagnosis.

Aim

Given the challenges of calibration at low SaO₂ levels, we pursued the creation of a self-calibrated algorithm that can effectively estimate SaO₂ across its full range. Our primary objective was to design and validate our calibration-free method using data collected from human subjects.

Approach

We developed an algorithm based on diffuse optical spectroscopy measurements of cardiac pulses and the modified Beer–Lambert law (mBLL). Recognizing that the photon mean pathlength ( ⟨ L ⟩ ) varies with SaO₂ related absorption changes, our algorithm aligns/fits the normalized ⟨ L ⟩ (across wavelengths) obtained from optical measurements with its analytical representation. We tested the algorithm with human freedivers performing breath-hold dives. A continuous-wave near-infrared spectroscopy probe was attached to their foreheads, and an arterial cannula was inserted in the radial artery to collect arterial blood samples at different stages of the dive. These samples provided ground-truth SaO₂ via a blood gas analyzer, enabling us to evaluate the accuracy of SaO₂ estimation derived from the NIRS measurement using our self-calibrated algorithm.

Results

The self-calibrated algorithm significantly outperformed the conventional method (mBLL with a constant ⟨ L ⟩ ratio) for SaO₂ estimation through the diving period. Analyzing 23 ground-truth SaO₂ data points ranging from 41% to 100%, the average absolute difference between the estimated SaO₂ and the ground truth SaO₂ is 4.23 % ± 5.16 % for our algorithm, significantly lower than the 11.25 % ± 13.74 % observed with the conventional approach.

Conclusions

By factoring in the variations in the spectral shape of ⟨ L ⟩ relative to SaO₂, our self-calibrated algorithm enables accurate SaO₂ estimation, even in subjects with low SaO₂ levels.

Laser absorption spectroscopy measurements of different pulmonary oxygen gas concentrations in transmittance and remittance geometry: phantom study

Andrea Pacheco, Jean Matias, Konstantin Grygoryev, Martin Hansson, Sara Bergsten, Stefan Andersson-Engels

Journal of Biomedical Optics, Vol. 28, Issue 11, 115003, (November 2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.28.11.115003

TOPICS: Lung, Sensors, Oxygen, Absorption spectroscopy, Tissues, Optical properties, Absorption, Transmittance, Laser spectroscopy, Signal to noise ratio

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Imaging

Heavy water coupling gel for short-wave infrared photoacoustic imaging

Christopher Salinas, Eric Reichel, Abhiman Gupta, Russell Witte

Journal of Biomedical Optics, Vol. 28, Issue 11, 116001, (November 2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.28.11.116001

TOPICS: Short wave infrared radiation, Reflection, Tissues, Photoacoustic imaging, Infrared radiation, Infrared imaging, Ultrasonography, Infrared photography, Acoustics, Absorption

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Photoacoustic imaging of the dynamics of a dye-labeled IgG4 monoclonal antibody in subcutaneous tissue reveals a transient decrease in murine blood oxygenation under anesthesia

Anjul Khadria, Chad Paavola, Konstantin Maslov, Patricia Brown-Augsburger, Patrick F. Grealish, Emmanuel Lozano, Rui Cao, Junhui Shi, John Beals, Sunday Oladipupo, Lihong Wang

Journal of Biomedical Optics, Vol. 28, Issue 11, 116002, (November 2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.28.11.116002

TOPICS: Antibodies, Ear, Blood, Dyes, Photoacoustic imaging, Monoclonal antibodies, Photoacoustic spectroscopy, Tissues, Oxygen, Absorption

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Significance

Over 100 monoclonal antibodies have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for clinical use; however, a paucity of knowledge exists regarding the injection site behavior of these formulated therapeutics, particularly the effect of antibody, formulation, and tissue at the injection site. A deeper understanding of antibody behavior at the injection site, especially on blood oxygenation through imaging, will help design improved versions of the therapeutics for a wide range of diseases.

Aim

The aim of this research is to understand the dynamics of monoclonal antibodies at the injection site as well as how the antibody itself affects the functional characteristics of the injection site [e.g., blood oxygen saturation (sO₂)].

Approach

We employed triple-wavelength equipped functional photoacoustic imaging to study the dynamics of dye-labeled and unlabeled monoclonal antibodies at the site of injection in a mouse ear. We injected a near-infrared dye-labeled (and unlabeled) human IgG4 isotype control antibody into the subcutaneous space in mouse ears to analyze the injection site dynamics and quantify molecular movement, as well as its effect on local hemodynamics.

Results

We performed pharmacokinetic studies of the antibody in different regions of the mouse body to show that dye labeling does not alter the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the antibody and that mouse ear is a viable model for these initial studies. We explored the movement of the antibody in the interstitial space to show that the bolus area grows by ∼300 % over 24 h. We discovered that injection of the antibody transiently reduces the local sO₂ levels in mice after prolonged anesthesia without affecting the total hemoglobin content and oxygen extraction fraction.

Conclusions

This finding on local oxygen saturation opens a new avenue of study on the functional effects of monoclonal antibody injections. We also show the suitability of the mouse ear model to study antibody dynamics through high-resolution imaging techniques. We quantified the movement of antibodies at the injection site caused by the interstitial fluid, which could be helpful for designing antibodies with tailored absorption speeds in the future.

Microscopy

Transmission infrared micro-spectroscopic study of individual human hair

Chen Li, Yuhan Du, Haonan Chen, Xinxin Han, Wenbin Wu, Xiufang Kong, Cheng Zhang, Xiang Yuan

Journal of Biomedical Optics, Vol. 28, Issue 11, 116501, (November 2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.28.11.116501

TOPICS: Infrared radiation, Optical transmission, Transmittance, Diseases and disorders, Infrared spectroscopy, Signal intensity, FT-IR spectroscopy, Microscopes, Absorption, Copper

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Multiplane HiLo microscopy with speckle illumination and non-local means denoising

Shuqi Zheng, Minoru Koyama, Jerome Mertz

Journal of Biomedical Optics, Vol. 28, Issue 11, 116502, (November 2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.28.11.116502

TOPICS: Speckle, Light sources and illumination, Denoising, Microscopy, Fluorescence imaging, Cameras, Tunable filters, Image processing, Neurons, Signal to noise ratio

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Fast and robust Fourier ptychographic microscopy with position misalignment correction

Zicong Luo, Ruofei Wu, Hanbao Chen, Junrui Zhen, Mingdi Liu, Haiqi Zhang, Jiaxiong Luo, Dingan Han, Lisong Yan, Yanxiong Wu

Journal of Biomedical Optics, Vol. 28, Issue 11, 116503, (November 2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.28.11.116503

TOPICS: Reconstruction algorithms, Image restoration, Light emitting diodes, Lawrencium, Image quality, Image processing, Microscopy, Simulations, Phase reconstruction, Medical image reconstruction

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