Large optical systems, those in the regime of two-foot aperture and larger, have represented an important branch of the optical sciences for a considerable time. Such systems have been improving continually in design concept and performance for more than two hundred years. The science of astronomy provided the driving force behind early developments in the field, beginning in the late eighteenth century, and has continued to stimulate improvements since that time. Prior to 1800, Sir William Herschell had built a number of astronomical telescopes, including one with a four-foot aperture.
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