Prof. Alwin Kienle Profile

Prof. Alwin Kienle

Speaker of the directory board at ILM Ulm

SPIE Involvement:

Conference Program Committee | Author

Publications (107)

SPIE Journal Paper | 13 December 2023 Open Access

Broadband scattering properties of articular cartilage zones and their relationship with the heterogenous structure of articular cartilage extracellular matrix

Iman Kafian-Attari, Ervin Nippolainen, Florian Bergmann, Akuroma George, Petri Paakkari, Arash Mirhashemi, Florian Foschum, Alwin Kienle, Juha Töyräs, Isaac O. Afara

JBO, Vol. 28, Issue 12, 125003, (December 2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.28.12.125003

KEYWORDS: Cartilage, Tissues, Light scattering, Collagen, Rayleigh scattering, Scattering, Anatomy, Biological samples, Mie scattering, Transmittance

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SignificanceArticular cartilage exhibits a zonal architecture, comprising three distinct zones: superficial, middle, and deep. Collagen fibers, being the main solid constituent of articular cartilage, exhibit unique angular and size distribution in articular cartilage zones. There is a gap in knowledge on how the unique properties of collagen fibers across articular cartilage zones affect the scattering properties of the tissue.AimThis study hypothesizes that the structural properties of articular cartilage zones affect its scattering parameters. We provide scattering coefficient and scattering anisotropy factor of articular cartilage zones in the spectral band of 400 to 1400 nm. We enumerate the differences and similarities of the scattering properties of articular cartilage zones and provide reasoning for these observations.ApproachWe utilized collimated transmittance and integrating sphere measurements to estimate the scattering coefficients of bovine articular cartilage zones and bulk tissue. We used the relationship between the scattering coefficients to estimate the scattering anisotropy factor. Polarized light microscopy was applied to estimate the depth-wise angular distribution of collagen fibers in bovine articular cartilage.ResultsWe report that the Rayleigh scatterers contribution to the scattering coefficients, the intensity of the light scattered by the Rayleigh and Mie scatterers, and the angular distribution of collagen fibers across tissue depth are the key parameters that affect the scattering properties of articular cartilage zones and bulk tissue. Our results indicate that in the short visible region, the superficial and middle zones of articular cartilage affect the scattering properties of the tissue, whereas in the far visible and near-infrared regions, the articular cartilage deep zone determines articular cartilage scattering properties.ConclusionThis study provides scattering properties of articular cartilage zones. Such findings support future research to utilize optical simulation to estimate the penetration depth, depth-origin, and pathlength of light in articular cartilage for optical diagnosis of the tissue.

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Proceedings Article | 10 August 2023 Poster

Fluence in a scattering disc under Lambertian illumination

Manuel Petzi, André Liemert, Felix Ott, Dominik Reitzle, Alwin Kienle

Proceedings Volume PC12619, PC126190C (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2673179

KEYWORDS: Scattered light, Maxwell equations, Numerical analysis, Radiative transfer, Total internal reflection, Scattering, Dielectrics, Light sources and illumination, Monte Carlo methods, Light scattering

Proceedings Article | 10 August 2023 Poster

Investigation of image formation in a confocal laser scanning microscope for custom-made cylindrical multi-scatterers

David Hevisov, Felix Glöckler, Felix Ott, Alwin Kienle

Proceedings Volume PC12619, PC126190E (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2673428

KEYWORDS: Monte Carlo methods, Confocal microscopy, Microscopes, Laser scanners, Image acquisition, Refractive index, 3D applications, Multiphoton lithography, Maxwell equations, 3D metrology

Proceedings Article | 10 August 2023 Poster

Focusing coherent light through volume scattering phantoms with well defined optical properties via wavefront shaping

Niklas Fritzsche, Felix Ott, Karsten Pink, Alwin Kienle

Proceedings Volume PC12622, PC126220V (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2673180

KEYWORDS: Light scattering, Wavefronts, Optical coherence, Optical properties, Scattering media, Absorption, Titanium dioxide, Scattering, Scattered light, Pigments

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Proceedings Article | 10 August 2023 Poster

Measurement of the optical properties of fluorescent media using an integrating sphere

Thomas Brall, Florian Foschum, Florian Bergmann, Alwin Kienle

Proceedings Volume PC12622, PC126220W (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2673255

KEYWORDS: Optical properties, Integrating spheres, Turbidity, Spectroscopy, Scattered light, Photodiodes, Monochromators, Mirrors, Light sources and illumination, Light sources

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Proceedings Article | 9 August 2023 Paper

Hybrid method for solving the radiative transport equation

André Liemert, Dominik Reitzle, Alwin Kienle

Proceedings Volume 12628, 126281G (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2670672

KEYWORDS: Spherical harmonics, Scattering

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Proceedings Article | 9 August 2023 Paper

Development of a portable diffuse reflectance spectroscopy system between 850 and 1000nm

Markus Wagner, Markus Zimmermann, Oliver Fugger, Florian Foschum, Alwin Kienle

Proceedings Volume 12628, 1262823 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2670708

KEYWORDS: Portability, Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Optical properties, Reflectance spectroscopy, Temperature metrology, Spectroscopy, Spectroscopes, Sensors, Scattering media, Reflection

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Proceedings Article | 9 August 2023 Paper

Light propagation in scattering media based on Maxwell’s equations and on the radiative transfer equation

Felix Ott, Dominik Reitzle, André Liemert, Alwin Kienle

Proceedings Volume 12628, 126281V (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2670349

KEYWORDS: Radiative transfer, Maxwell equations, Scattering media, Scattering, Particles, Light wave propagation, Spherical lenses, Plane waves, Numerical analysis

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Proceedings Article | 9 August 2023 Paper

Solution of the radiative transport equation for the single scattered radiance of two-layered media

Christian Blum, Philipp Hank, André Liemert, Simeon Geiger, Alwin Kienle

Proceedings Volume 12628, 126281I (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2670916

KEYWORDS: Turbidity, Monte Carlo methods

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SPIE Press Book | 13 December 2022

Light Propagation through Biological Tissue and Other Diffusive Media: Theory, Solutions, and Validation, Second Edition

Fabrizio Martelli, Tiziano Binzoni, André Liemert, Samuele Del Bianco, Alwin Kienle

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Light Propagation through Biological Tissue and Other Diffusive Media: Theory, Solutions, and Validation, Second Edition

SPIE Journal Paper | 20 April 2022 Open Access

Two-step verification method for Monte Carlo codes in biomedical optics applications

Angelo Sassaroli, Federico Tommasi, Stefano Cavalieri, Lorenzo Fini, André Liemert, Alwin Kienle, Tiziano Binzoni, Fabrizio Martelli

JBO, Vol. 27, Issue 08, 083018, (April 2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.27.8.083018

KEYWORDS: Scattering, Monte Carlo methods, Biomedical optics, Refractive index, Rayleigh scattering, Photons, Statistical analysis, Optical properties, Light scattering, Laser scattering

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SPIE Journal Paper | 28 February 2022

Efficient numerical approach for solving the diffusion equation with variable coefficients

André Liemert, Dominik Reitzle, Alwin Kienle

OE, Vol. 61, Issue 02, 023105, (February 2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.61.2.023105

KEYWORDS: Diffusion, Finite element methods, Chemical elements, Optical engineering, Spatial frequencies, Scattering, Modulation, MATLAB, Lead, Interfaces

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Proceedings Article | 9 December 2021 Paper

Application of a precise integrating sphere method for the determination of in-vitro optical properties of biological samples from domestic pig

Florian Bergmann, Florian Foschum, Alwin Kienle

Proceedings Volume 11920, 119200D (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2615215

KEYWORDS: Integrating spheres, Bone, Optical properties, Cartilage, Absorption, Tissues, Tissue optics, Spectrometers, Near infrared, In vitro testing

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Proceedings Article | 22 July 2019 Paper

Individualization of interstitial photodynamic therapy for malignant gliomas

Maximilian Aumiller, Adrian Rühm, Maximilian Eisel, Christian Freymüller, Herbert Stepp, André Liemert, Alwin Kienle, Ronald Sroka

Proceedings Volume 11079, 110790P (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2527115

KEYWORDS: Tissue optics, Photodynamic therapy, Geometrical optics, Signal attenuation, Brain, Integrating spheres, Tissues, Absorption, Scattering, Liquids

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Proceedings Article | 19 July 2019 Paper

Phase-optimization wavefront shaping simulations in two-dimensional scattering media based on Maxwell's equations

Felix Ott, Benjamin Krüger, Alwin Kienle

Proceedings Volume 11078, 1107826 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2526701

KEYWORDS: Light wave propagation, Optical fiber cables, Light scattering, Optical simulations, Electromagnetism, Electromagnetic scattering, Laser scattering, Scattering media, Scattering, Wavefronts

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Proceedings Article | 11 July 2019 Paper

Direct determination of the spectrally resolved scattering phase function of suspensions and emulsions

Steffen Nothelfer, Florian Foschum, Alwin Kienle

Proceedings Volume 11074, 110742A (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2527132

KEYWORDS: Scattering, Mie scattering, Light scattering, Laser scattering, Spectroscopy, Tissue optics, Picosecond phenomena, Xenon, Lamps, Collimation

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Proceedings Article | 11 July 2019 Paper

Visual appearance of blood vessels

Christian Zoller, Alwin Kienle

Proceedings Volume 11074, 110740N (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2526802

KEYWORDS: Blood vessels, Skin, Veins, Oxygen, Visualization, Inverse problems, Monte Carlo methods, Blood

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SPIE Journal Paper | 29 January 2019 Open Access

Fast and precise image generation of blood vessels embedded in skin

Christian Zoller, Alwin Kienle

JBO, Vol. 24, Issue 01, 015002, (January 2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.24.1.015002

KEYWORDS: Blood vessels, Skin, Veins, Absorption, Visualization, Reflectivity, Monte Carlo methods, Scattering, Oxygen, Tissues

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SPIE Journal Paper | 14 September 2018 Open Access

Spatial frequency domain imaging using an analytical model for separation of surface and volume scattering

Steffen Nothelfer, Florian Bergmann, André Liemert, Dominik Reitzle, Alwin Kienle

JBO, Vol. 24, Issue 07, 071604, (September 2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.24.7.071604

KEYWORDS: Scattering, Light scattering, Reflectivity, Surface roughness, Optical properties, Absorption, Spatial frequencies, Data modeling, Inverse problems, Bidirectional reflectance transmission function

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SPIE Journal Paper | 22 June 2018 Open Access

Parallelized Monte Carlo software to efficiently simulate the light propagation in arbitrarily shaped objects and aligned scattering media

Christian Johannes Zoller, Ansgar Hohmann, Florian Forschum, Simeon Geiger, Martin Geiger, Thomas Peter Ertl, Alwin Kienle

JBO, Vol. 23, Issue 06, 065004, (June 2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.23.6.065004

KEYWORDS: Monte Carlo methods, Scattering, Photons, Light scattering, Teeth, Light sources, Absorption, Optical properties, Software development, Refractive index

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Proceedings Article | 15 March 2018 Presentation

Massively parallelized Monte Carlo software to calculate the light propagation in arbitrarily shaped 3D turbid media (Conference Presentation)

Christian Zoller, Ansgar Hohmann, Alwin Kienle

Proceedings Volume 10492, 104920S (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2292528

KEYWORDS: Monte Carlo methods, Computer simulations, Software development, Gold, Visualization, Light sources, Optical fibers, Gaussian beams, 3D applications, Teeth

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Proceedings Article | 25 August 2017 Paper

Massively parallelized Monte Carlo software to calculate the light propagation in arbitrarily shaped 3D turbid media

Christian Zoller, Ansgar Hohmann, Thomas Ertl, Alwin Kienle

Proceedings Volume 10412, 1041223 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2286079

KEYWORDS: Monte Carlo methods, Color prediction

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Proceedings Article | 1 August 2017 Paper

Simulation of image formation in optical coherence tomography for cylinder scatterers

Thomas Brenner, Dominik Reitzle, Alwin Kienle

Proceedings Volume 10416, 104160Q (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2286125

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Optical simulations, Image acquisition, Maxwell's equations, Laser scattering, Scattering, Gaussian beams

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Proceedings Article | 28 July 2017 Paper

Angular resolved light scattering microscopy on human chromosomes

Dennis Müller, Julian Stark, Alwin Kienle

Proceedings Volume 10413, 104130T (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2284454

KEYWORDS: Light scattering, Microscopy, Scattering, Atomic force microscopy

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Proceedings Article | 28 July 2017 Paper

New method for correction of surface scattering in spatial frequency domain imaging for an accurate determination of volume scattering

Steffen Nothelfer, André Liemert, Dominik Reitzle, Florian Bergmann, Alwin Kienle

Proceedings Volume 10412, 104120B (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2286054

KEYWORDS: Scattering, Biomedical optics, Diffuse optical spectroscopy, Diffuse optical imaging

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Proceedings Article | 28 July 2017 Paper

Near surface illumination method to detect particle size information by optical calibration free remission measurements

Sabrina Stocker, Florian Foschum, Alwin Kienle

Proceedings Volume 10412, 1041214 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2284821

KEYWORDS: Scattering

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SPIE Journal Paper | 21 July 2017 Open Access

Determination of three optical properties from subdiffusive spatially resolved reflectance calculations

Philipp Krauter, Dominik Reitzle, Simeon Geiger, Alwin Kienle

JBO, Vol. 22, Issue 07, 075003, (July 2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.22.7.075003

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 June 2016 Open Access

Diffuse optical microscopy for quantification of depth-dependent epithelial backscattering in the cervix

Nico Bodenschatz, Sylvia Lam, Anita Carraro, Jagoda Korbelik, Dianne Miller, Jessica McAlpine, Marette Lee, Alwin Kienle, Calum MacAulay

JBO, Vol. 21, Issue 06, 066001, (June 2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.21.6.066001

KEYWORDS: Backscatter, Reflectivity, Scattering, Tissues, Diagnostics, Tissue optics, Light scattering, Monte Carlo methods, Optical microscopy, Cervix

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 April 2016 Open Access

Optical coherence tomography images simulated with an analytical solution of Maxwell’s equations for cylinder scattering

Thomas Brenner, Dominik Reitzle, Alwin Kienle

JBO, Vol. 21, Issue 04, 045001, (April 2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.21.4.045001

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Scattering, Geometrical optics, Refractive index, Gaussian beams, Ray tracing, Biological research, Optical simulations, Light scattering, Laser scattering

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SPIE Journal Paper | 11 March 2016 Open Access

Quantifying phase function influence in subdiffusively backscattered light

Nico Bodenschatz, Philipp Krauter, André Liemert, Alwin Kienle

JBO, Vol. 21, Issue 03, 035002, (March 2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.21.3.035002

KEYWORDS: Scattering, Light scattering, Backscatter, Reflectivity, Photons, Spatial frequencies, Laser scattering, Mie scattering, Refractive index, Tissues

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Proceedings Article | 9 March 2016 Presentation + Paper

Resolving the depth of fluorescent light by structured illumination and shearing interferometry

Johannes Schindler, Ahmed Elmaklizi, Florian Voit, Ansgar Hohmann, Philipp Schau, Nicole Brodhag, Philipp Krauter, Karsten Frenner, Alwin Kienle, Wolfgang Osten

Proceedings Volume 9718, 97182H (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2212575

KEYWORDS: Light scattering, Scattering, Interferometry, Microscopy, Tissues, Wavefronts, Modeling, Light wave propagation, In vivo imaging, Shearing interferometers, Microscopes, Monte Carlo methods, Optical coherence tomography, Laser scattering, Michelson interferometers, Mirrors

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SPIE Journal Paper | 23 November 2015 Open Access

Detecting structural information of scatterers using spatial frequency domain imaging

Nico Bodenschatz, Philipp Krauter, Steffen Nothelfer, Florian Foschum, Florian Bergmann, André Liemert, Alwin Kienle

JBO, Vol. 20, Issue 11, 116006, (November 2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.20.11.116006

KEYWORDS: Scattering, Particles, Spatial frequencies, Reflectivity, Aluminum, Absorption, Optical properties, Tissues, Light scattering, Tissue optics

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SPIE Journal Paper | 18 November 2015 Open Access

Application of the Laplace transform in time-domain optical spectroscopy and imaging

André Liemert, Alwin Kienle

JBO, Vol. 20, Issue 11, 110502, (November 2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.20.11.110502

KEYWORDS: Fourier transforms, Reflectivity, Luminescence, Optical properties, Optical spectroscopy imaging, Picosecond phenomena, Solids, Sensors, Biological research, Light scattering

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SPIE Journal Paper | 16 October 2015 Open Access

Optical phantoms with adjustable subdiffusive scattering parameters

Philipp Krauter, Steffen Nothelfer, Nico Bodenschatz, Emanuel Simon, Sabrina Stocker, Florian Foschum, Alwin Kienle

JBO, Vol. 20, Issue 10, 105008, (October 2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.20.10.105008

KEYWORDS: Scattering, Absorption, Epoxies, Particles, Aluminum, Mie scattering, Optical phantoms, Optical properties, Anisotropy, Light scattering

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Proceedings Article | 16 July 2015 Paper

Simulation of light propagation in biological tissue using a modified finite volume method applied to three-dimensional radiative transport equation

Fatmir Asllanaj, Sylvain Contassot-Vivier, Andre Liemert, Alwin Kienle

Proceedings Volume 9538, 95380I (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2183445

KEYWORDS: Light scattering, Tissue optics, Monte Carlo methods, Numerical analysis, Algorithm development, Optical properties, Optical tomography, Finite volume methods, 3D image reconstruction, Scattering

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Proceedings Article | 16 July 2015 Paper

Adjusting subdiffusive parameters in optical phantoms

P. Krauter, S. Nothelfer, N. Bodenschatz, E. Simon, F. Foschum, A. Kienle

Proceedings Volume 9538, 95380T (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2183812

KEYWORDS: Scattering, Epoxies, Anisotropy, Optical phantoms, Light scattering, Solids, Optical properties, Particles, Refractive index, Titanium dioxide

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Proceedings Article | 16 July 2015 Paper

Analytical solutions of the radiative transport equation for the reflectance and fluorescence from layered media illuminated by a finite beam

André Liemert, Alwin Kienle

Proceedings Volume 9538, 95380D (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2183757

KEYWORDS: Monte Carlo methods, Scattering, Luminescence, Laser scattering, Reflectivity, Diffusion, Scattering media, Light scattering, Statistical analysis, Spatial frequencies

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Proceedings Article | 16 July 2015 Paper

Surface layering effect of diluted Intralipid

F. Foschum, N. Bodenschatz, P. Krauter, S. Nothelfer, A. Liemert, E. Simon, S. Kröner, A. Kienle

Proceedings Volume 9538, 95381A (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2183761

KEYWORDS: Monte Carlo methods, Optical properties, Scattering, Glasses, Reflectivity, Time metrology, Absorption, Spatial frequencies, Optical testing, Visualization

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Proceedings Article | 15 July 2015 Paper

Angular and spectrally resolved investigations of yeast cells by light scattering microscopy and goniometric measurements

Julian Stark, Dennis Müller, Steffen Nothelfer, Alwin Kienle

Proceedings Volume 9537, 953718 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2183789

KEYWORDS: Light scattering, Scattering, Yeast, Mie scattering, Optical spheres, Microscopy, Scatter measurement, Refractive index, Microscopes, Spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 9 July 2015 Paper

An algorithm for simulating image formation in optical coherence tomography for cylinder scattering

Thomas Brenner, Dominik Reitzle, Alwin Kienle

Proceedings Volume 9541, 95411F (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2183748

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Scattering, Monte Carlo methods, Laser scattering, Gaussian beams, Refractive index, Computer simulations, Geometrical optics, Optical simulations, Maxwell's equations

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SPIE Journal Paper | 25 June 2015 Open Access

Penetration depth of focused beams in highly scattering media investigated with a numerical solution of Maxwell’s equations in two dimensions

Ahmed Elmaklizi, Dominik Reitzle, Arnd Brandes, Alwin Kienle

JBO, Vol. 20, Issue 06, 065007, (June 2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.20.6.065007

KEYWORDS: Scattering, Scattering media, Laser scattering, Optical simulations, Light scattering, Finite-difference time-domain method, Bessel beams, Numerical analysis, Gaussian beams, Refractive index

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SPIE Journal Paper | 13 November 2014 Open Access

Modeling the tight focusing of beams in absorbing media with Monte Carlo simulations

Arnd Brandes, Ahmed Elmaklizi, H. Günhan Akarcay, Alwin Kienle

JBO, Vol. 19, Issue 11, 115003, (November 2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.19.11.115003

KEYWORDS: Monte Carlo methods, Finite-difference time-domain method, Optical simulations, Absorption, Computer simulations, Refractive index, Diffraction, Microscopes, Scattering, Beam propagation method

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SPIE Journal Paper | 23 July 2014 Open Access

Time-resolved measurements of the optical properties of fibrous media using the anisotropic diffusion equation

Emanuel Simon, Philipp Krauter, Alwin Kienle

JBO, Vol. 19, Issue 07, 075006, (July 2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.19.7.075006

KEYWORDS: Optical fibers, Transmittance, Scattering, Reflectivity, Optical properties, Absorption, Diffusion, Monte Carlo methods, Anisotropic diffusion, Optical testing

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SPIE Journal Paper | 27 January 2014 Open Access

Sources of errors in spatial frequency domain imaging of scattering media

Nico Bodenschatz, Arnd Brandes, André Liemert, Alwin Kienle

JBO, Vol. 19, Issue 07, 071405, (January 2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.19.7.071405

KEYWORDS: Scattering, Reflectivity, Error analysis, Absorption, Spatial frequencies, Refractive index, Scattering media, Light scattering, Diffusion, Cameras

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SPIE Journal Paper | 23 January 2014 Open Access

Errata: Simulating the scanning of a focused beam through scattering media using a numerical solution of Maxwell’s equations

Ahmed Elmaklizi, Jan Schäfer, Alwin Kienle

JBO, Vol. 19, Issue 07, 079801, (January 2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.19.7.079801

KEYWORDS: Computer simulations, Optical simulations, Scattering media, Numerical analysis, Laser scattering, Scattering, Finite-difference time-domain method, Biomedical optics, Refractive index, Spatial resolution

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SPIE Journal Paper | 6 January 2014 Open Access

Simulating the scanning of a focused beam through scattering media using a numerical solution of Maxwell’s equations

Ahmed Elmaklizi, Jan Schäfer, Alwin Kienle

JBO, Vol. 19, Issue 07, 071404, (January 2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.19.7.071404

KEYWORDS: Finite-difference time-domain method, Optical simulations, Scattering, Near field, Scattering media, Laser scattering, Computer simulations, Light scattering, Beam propagation method, Refractive index

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SPIE Journal Paper | 3 January 2014 Open Access

Radiative transfer equation for predicting light propagation in biological media: comparison of a modified finite volume method, the Monte Carlo technique, and an exact analytical solution

Fatmir Asllanaj, Sylvain Contassot-Vivier, André Liemert, Alwin Kienle

JBO, Vol. 19, Issue 01, 015002, (January 2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.19.1.015002

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Radiative transfer, Scattering, Collimation, Transmittance, Finite volume methods, Monte Carlo methods, Biological research, Refractive index, Interfaces

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SPIE Journal Paper | 23 August 2013 Open Access

Optimized goniometer for determination of the scattering phase function of suspended particles: simulations and measurements

Florian Foschum, Alwin Kienle

JBO, Vol. 18, Issue 08, 085002, (August 2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.18.8.085002

KEYWORDS: Scattering, Phase measurement, Monte Carlo methods, Light scattering, Particles, Optical spheres, Mie scattering, Signal detection, Laser scattering, Anisotropy

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Proceedings Article | 24 June 2013 Paper

Multi-laboratory investigation of the optical properties of the human head

A. Farina, A. Pifferi, A. Torricelli, I. Bargigia, L. Spinelli, R. Cubeddu, F. Foschum, M. Jäger, E. Simon, O. Fugger, A. Kienle, F. Martelli, P. Di Ninni, G. Zaccanti, A. Jelzow, E. Kirilina, H. Wabnitz, J. Heiskala, M. Schweiger, S. Arridge

Proceedings Volume 8804, 880408 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2032577

KEYWORDS: Head, Optical properties, Scattering, Absorption, Data modeling, Sensors, Skull, Signal detection, Data analysis

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Proceedings Article | 18 June 2013 Paper

NIR remission spectroscopy of turbid media

P. Krauter, F. Foschum, A. Kienle

Proceedings Volume 8798, 87980Y (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2032390

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Scattering, Near infrared, Spectroscopy, Near infrared spectroscopy, Calibration, Biomedical optics, Radiative transfer, Light scattering, Imaging spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 14 June 2013 Paper

Time-resolved diffuse spectroscopy measurements using a hybrid Green’s function for the radiative transfer equation

Emanuel Simon, Florian Foschum, Alwin Kienle

Proceedings Volume 8799, 879906 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2032527

KEYWORDS: Scattering, Absorption, Radiative transfer, Reflectivity, Time resolved spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, Liquids, Optical testing, Diffuse optical spectroscopy, Optical properties

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Proceedings Article | 14 June 2013 Paper

Multiple artificial neural networks to determine the optical properties of semi-infinite media

M. Jäger, F. Foschum, A. Kienle

Proceedings Volume 8799, 87990C (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2032305

KEYWORDS: Optical properties, Artificial neural networks, Monte Carlo methods, Scattering, Inverse problems, Reflectivity, Tissue optics, Neurons, Biomedical optics, Optical testing

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Proceedings Article | 23 May 2013 Paper

Structured white-light illumination for diagnostic investigations

P. Schau, A. Brandes, K. Frenner, A. Kienle, W. Osten

Proceedings Volume 8792, 879208 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2020624

KEYWORDS: Objectives, Light scattering, Scattering, Luminescence, Beam splitters, Optical coherence tomography, Confocal microscopy, Mirrors, Monte Carlo methods, Laser scattering

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The optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an important technology for non-invasive, in vivo medical diagnostics. It enables the high-resolution recording of two-dimensional tomograms or three-dimensional volumes of biological tissue. Two mechanisms help separating the signal from the scattering background. First, reflected or backscattered light from outside the focal spot is suppressed by confocal discrimination. Additionally, the signal modulation is enhanced due to identical optical path lengths of both branches of the white light interferometry setup. Since the OCT relies on the interference between reference light and scattered light, this method cannot be readily extended for fluorescence measurements. An alternative approach is the confocal fluorescence microscopy, which uses confocal microscopy to suppress the fluorescent light from outside the focal spot. Hence, only the fluorescent light in the focal plane, which is 3 to 4 magnitudes lower in intensity than the excitation light, is detected. However, the surrounding area is illuminated with full intensity, which might cause photo-bleaching. There are also other promising approaches such as the two-photon excitation microscopy or fluorescence lifetime microscopy, which we will not cover in more detail. For fluorescence measurements of strongly-scattering samples such as biological tissue but also for technical surfaces, we propose a structured white-light illumination. We present two different approaches for the sample illumination utilizing a white light laser or a white light LED, respectively. We show first simulations of the individual illumination setups and their impact on the scattering within the sample. Furthermore, we investigated the distribution of the fluorescent light that reaches the detection part of the device when excited within a scattering medium, for this purpose we implemented a novel fast-converging algorithm for conditional fluence rate in our Monte Carlo algorithm.

SPIE Journal Paper | 15 May 2013 Open Access

Application of multiple artificial neural networks for the determination of the optical properties of turbid media

Marion Jäger, Florian Foschum, Alwin Kienle

JBO, Vol. 18, Issue 05, 057005, (May 2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.18.5.057005

KEYWORDS: Optical properties, Absorption, Scattering, Reflectivity, Monte Carlo methods, Artificial neural networks, Inverse problems, Neurons, Diffusion, Optical testing

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Proceedings Article | 25 March 2013 Paper

Light transport in biological media: analytical solutions, simulations, and experiments

A. Kienle, A. Liemert, F. Foschum

Proceedings Volume 8578, 857812 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2002031

KEYWORDS: Monte Carlo methods, Scattering, Reflectivity, Biological research, Radiative transfer, Optical properties, Scattering media, Light scattering, Laser scattering, Statistical analysis

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SPIE Journal Paper | 4 January 2013 Open Access

Hybrid Green’s function of the time-dependent radiative transfer equation for anisotropically scattering semi-infinite media

Emanuel Simon, Florian Foschum, Alwin Kienle

JBO, Vol. 18, Issue 01, 015001, (January 2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.18.1.015001

KEYWORDS: Monte Carlo methods, Scattering, Absorption, Reflectivity, Radiative transfer, Picosecond phenomena, Diffusion, Refractive index, Photon transport, Laser scattering

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SPIE Journal Paper | 8 November 2012 Open Access

Angular and spectrally resolved investigation of single particles by darkfield scattering microscopy

Thomas Rothe, Michael Schmitz, Alwin Kienle

JBO, Vol. 17, Issue 11, 117006, (November 2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.17.11.117006

KEYWORDS: Light scattering, Scattering, Particles, Mie scattering, Optical spheres, Microscopy, Microscopes, Spectral resolution, Refractive index, Laser scattering

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SPIE Journal Paper | 8 June 2012 Open Access

Experimental spectro-angular mapping of light distribution in turbid media

Serge Grabtchak, Tyler Palmer, Florian Foschum, Andre Liemert, Alwin Kienle, William Whelan

JBO, Vol. 17, Issue 06, 067007, (June 2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.17.6.067007

KEYWORDS: Scattering, Absorption, Tissues, Tissue optics, Light scattering, Sensors, Signal attenuation, Photons, Distance measurement, Diagnostics

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SPIE Journal Paper | 11 April 2012 Open Access

Multiple scattering of polarized light: comparison of Maxwell theory and radiative transfer theory

Florian Voit, Ansgar Hohmann, Jan Schäfer, Alwin Kienle

JBO, Vol. 17, Issue 04, 045003, (April 2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.17.4.045003

KEYWORDS: Scattering, Monte Carlo methods, Light scattering, Chemical elements, Optical spheres, Multiple scattering, Polarization, Radiative transfer, Mie scattering, Strontium

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SPIE Journal Paper | 6 April 2012 Open Access

Broadband absorption spectroscopy of turbid media using a dual step steady-state method

Florian Foschum, Alwin Kienle

JBO, Vol. 17, Issue 03, 037009, (April 2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.17.3.037009

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Reflectivity, Scattering, Refractive index, Monte Carlo methods, Sensors, Photons, Light scattering, Optical properties, Spherical lenses

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Proceedings Article | 16 June 2011 Paper

Determination of the reduced scattering and absorption coefficients by spatially resolved reflectance and total reflectance measurements

Florian Foschum, Marie-Theres Heine, Alwin Kienle

Proceedings Volume 8088, 80881N (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.889328

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Absorption, Scattering, Integrating spheres, Light scattering, Monte Carlo methods, Laser scattering, Collimation, CCD cameras, Light sources

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Proceedings Article | 15 June 2011 Paper

Comparison of Monte Carlo simulations of polarized light propagation in turbid media with exact Maxwell solutions

Ansgar Hohmann, Florian Voit, Jan Schäfer, Alwin Kienle

Proceedings Volume 8090, 80900H (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.889349

KEYWORDS: Mie scattering, Scattering media, Refraction, Radiative transfer, Light scattering, Photons, Scattering, Chemical elements, Optical spheres, Monte Carlo methods

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Proceedings Article | 15 June 2011 Paper

Importance of considering exact boundary conditions of the probe geometry for determination of the optical properties of turbid media

O. Fugger, A. Kienle

Proceedings Volume 8088, 80880O (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.889792

KEYWORDS: Monte Carlo methods, Reflectivity, Head, Optical properties, Absorption, Distance measurement, Interfaces, Diffusion, Photons, Tissue optics

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Proceedings Article | 15 June 2011 Paper

Analytical solutions of the radiative transfer equation for the fluence and radiance in infinite turbid media

A. Liemert, A. Kienle

Proceedings Volume 8088, 80880L (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.889847

KEYWORDS: Monte Carlo methods, Radiative transfer, Scattering, Diffusion, Spherical lenses, Computer simulations, Photons, Optical properties, Laser scattering, Light scattering

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Proceedings Article | 15 June 2011 Paper

Non-invasive determination of the optical properties of the human head using a neural network

Marion Jäger, Alwin Kienle

Proceedings Volume 8088, 80880H (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.889819

KEYWORDS: Optical properties, Neural networks, Brain, Monte Carlo methods, Reflectivity, Absorption, Skull, Head, Diffusion, Epoxies

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Proceedings Article | 9 June 2011 Paper

Angular resolved scattering microscopy

Thomas Rothe, Michael Schmitz, Alwin Kienle

Proceedings Volume 8086, 808613 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.889625

KEYWORDS: Light scattering, Scattering, Mie scattering, Microscopy, Optical spheres, Laser scattering, Microscopes, Particles, Collimation, Objectives

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Proceedings Article | 9 June 2011 Paper

Comparison between spectral resolved scattering microscopy and collimated transmission measurements

Michael Schmitz, Thomas Rothe, Alwin Kienle

Proceedings Volume 8086, 808614 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.889644

KEYWORDS: Scattering, Collimation, Refractive index, Particles, Mie scattering, Microscopes, Optical spheres, Light scattering, Microscopy, Laser scattering

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Proceedings Article | 2 June 2011 Paper

Determination of the optical properties of porcine dura mater tissue considering the anisotropy factor

M. T. Heine, R. Michels, F. Foschum, A. Kienle

Proceedings Volume 8092, 80920Q (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.889766

KEYWORDS: Anisotropy, Monte Carlo methods, Tissues, Integrating spheres, Scattering, Absorption, Tissue optics, Optical properties, Glasses, Light scattering

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Proceedings Article | 1 March 2011 Paper

Comparison of independent forward solvers for photon migration through layered media

Fabrizio Martelli, Samuele Del Bianco, Giovanni Zaccanti, Andre Liemert, Alwin Kienle, Martin Schweiger, Simon Arridge, Surya Prerapa, Alexander Jelzow, Heidrun Wabnitz, Norbert Zolek, Adam Liebert

Proceedings Volume 7896, 78960X (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.874823

KEYWORDS: Diffusion, Monte Carlo methods, Finite element methods, Photon transport, Reflectivity, Refractive index, Reflection, Interfaces, Fourier transforms, Scattering

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Proceedings Article | 18 February 2011 Paper

Diode laser for endodontic treatment: investigations of light distribution and disinfection efficiency

Karl Stock, Rainer Graser, Martin Udart, Alwin Kienle, Raimund Hibst

Proceedings Volume 7884, 788402 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.875109

KEYWORDS: Bacteria, Teeth, Monte Carlo methods, Laser irradiation, Laser dentistry, Semiconductor lasers, Temperature metrology, Optical simulations, Near infrared, Fiber lasers

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Diode lasers are used in dentistry mainly for oral surgery and disinfection of root canals in endodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate and to improve the laser induced bacteria inactivation in endodontic treatment. An essential prerequisite of the optimization of the irradiation process and device is the knowledge about the determinative factors of bacteria killing: light intensity? light dosis? temperature? In order to find out whether high power NIR laser bacterial killing is caused by a photochemical or a photothermal process we heated bacteria suspensions of E. coli K12 by a water bath and by a diode laser (940 nm) with the same temporal temperature course. Furthermore, bacteria suspensions were irradiated while the temperature was fixed by ice water. Killing of bacteria was measured via fluorescence labeling. In order to optimize the irradiation of the root canal, we designed special fiber tips with radial light emission characteristic by optical ray tracing simulations. Also, we calculated the resulting light distribution in dentin by voxelbased Monte Carlo simulations. Furthermore, we irradiated root canals of extracted human teeth using different fiber tip geometries and measured the resulting light and heat distribution by CCD-camera and thermography. Comparison of killing rates between laser and water based heating shows no significant differences, and irradiation of ice cooled suspensions has no substantial killing effect. Thus, the most important parameter for bacterial killing is the maximum temperature. Irradiation of root canals using fiber tips with radial light emission results in a more defined irradiated area with minor irradiation of the apex and higher intensity and therefore higher temperature increase on root canal surface. In conclusion, our experiments show that at least for E. coli bacteria inactivation by NIR laser irradiation is solely based on a thermal process and that heat distribution in root canal can be significantly improved by specially designed fiber tips.

Proceedings Article | 12 February 2011 Paper

Phase function of biological soft tissues for the complete solid angle

R. Michels, S. Rotte, M. Heine, A. Kienle

Proceedings Volume 7907, 790708 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.874763

KEYWORDS: Multiple scattering, Anisotropy, Laser scattering, Optical properties, Scatter measurement, Solids, Phase measurement, Light scattering, Scattering, Tissues

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 July 2010 Open Access

Thermal effects of white light illumination during microsurgery: clinical pilot study on the application safety of surgical microscopes

Raimund Hibst, David Saal, Detlef Russ, Karin Kunzi-Rapp, Alwin Kienle, Karl Stock

JBO, Vol. 15, Issue 04, 048003, (July 2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.3475953

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 March 2010 Open Access

Light diffusion in N-layered turbid media: steady-state domain

André Liemert, Alwin Kienle

JBO, Vol. 15, Issue 02, 025003, (March 2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.3368685

KEYWORDS: Diffusion, Monte Carlo methods, Fourier transforms, Reflectivity, Refractive index, Transmittance, Solids, Optical properties, Tissues, Radiative transfer

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 March 2010 Open Access

Light diffusion in N-layered turbid media: frequency and time domains

André Liemert, Alwin Kienle

JBO, Vol. 15, Issue 02, 025002, (March 2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.3368682

KEYWORDS: Diffusion, Fourier transforms, Monte Carlo methods, Reflectivity, Modulation, Scattering, Refractive index, Solids, Phase shift keying, Light scattering

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Proceedings Article | 23 February 2010 Paper

Cancer diagnostics using spatially resolved fluorescence-based optical imaging

Daniela Strat, André Liemert, Wolfgang Strauss, Alwin Kienle

Proceedings Volume 7555, 75550J (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.841711

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Monte Carlo methods, Diffusion, Photons, Tissue optics, Diagnostics, Cancer, Luminescence, Tissues, 3D modeling

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Proceedings Article | 10 July 2009 Paper

Non-invasive determination of the optical properties of brain using a neural network

Marion Jäger, André Liemert, Florian Foschum, Alwin Kienle

Proceedings Volume 7369, 73691K (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.831673

KEYWORDS: Brain, Optical properties, Neural networks, Absorption, Reflectivity, Skin, Scattering, Diffusion, Data modeling, Epoxies

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Proceedings Article | 10 July 2009 Paper

Light diffusion in N-layered turbid media

André Liemert, Alwin Kienle

Proceedings Volume 7369, 73690F (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.831678

KEYWORDS: Diffusion, Monte Carlo methods, Refractive index, Reflectivity, Fourier transforms, Solids, Phase shift keying, Modulation, Head, Phototherapy

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Proceedings Article | 10 July 2009 Paper

Light scattering by multiple spheres: solutions of Maxwell theory compared to radiative transfer theory

F. Voit, J. Schäfer, A. Kienle

Proceedings Volume 7371, 73711G (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.831778

KEYWORDS: Scattering, Optical spheres, Light scattering, Monte Carlo methods, Mie scattering, Radiative transfer, Biomedical optics, Tissues, Computer simulations, Refractive index

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Proceedings Article | 8 July 2009 Paper

Determination of the optical properties of anisotropic turbid media using an integrating sphere

M. T. Heine, F. Foschum, A. Kienle

Proceedings Volume 7368, 73681U (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.831593

KEYWORDS: Scattering, Integrating spheres, Absorption, Optical properties, Monte Carlo methods, Liquids, Collimation, Spectroscopy, Biomedical optics, Light scattering

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Proceedings Article | 8 July 2009 Paper

Angular remission and reflection from rough turbid biological media

F. Foschum, R. Michels, A. Kienle

Proceedings Volume 7368, 73681T (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.831594

KEYWORDS: Reflection, Monte Carlo methods, Reflectivity, Sun, Computer simulations, Scattering, Solids, Polishing, Light scattering, Optical properties

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Proceedings Article | 8 July 2009 Paper

Darkfield scattering spectroscopic microscopy evaluation using polystyrene beads

Michael Schmitz, René Michels, Alwin Kienle

Proceedings Volume 7368, 73681W (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.831591

KEYWORDS: Mie scattering, Spectroscopy, Light scattering, Optical spheres, Scattering, Correlation function, Axicons, Objectives, Microscopy, Raman scattering

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Proceedings Article | 1 July 2009 Paper

3D reconstruction of spatially resolved fluorescence data: a diagnostics method

Daniela Strat, Wolfgang S. Strauss, Alwin Kienle

Proceedings Volume 7370, 737004 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.831717

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Absorption, Scattering, Light sources, 3D modeling, Optical properties, Light scattering, Diagnostics, Luminescence, Cancer

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 September 2008 Open Access

Determination of the optical properties of turbid media by measurements of the spatially resolved reflectance considering the point-spread function of the camera system

Marco Pilz, Sibylle Honold, Alwin Kienle

JBO, Vol. 13, Issue 05, 054047, (September 2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.2983675

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Cameras, Tissue optics, Optical properties, Imaging systems, Scattering, Convolution, Absorption, Reflectivity, CCD cameras

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Proceedings Article | 19 July 2007 Paper

Time-resolved diffuse optical spectroscopy of small tissue samples

Paola Taroni, Daniela Comelli, Andrea Farina, Antonio Pifferi, Alwin Kienle

Proceedings Volume 6628, 66281A (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.727787

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Tissues, Bone, Statistical modeling, Scattering, Tissue optics, Optical properties, Statistical analysis, Collagen, Diffusion

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Proceedings Article | 12 July 2007 Paper

Measurement of the phase function of phantom medias with a two axis goniometer

R. Michels, S. Boll, A. Kienle

Proceedings Volume 6629, 66291N (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.728150

KEYWORDS: Scattering, Phase measurement, Anisotropy, Light scattering, Mie scattering, Collimation, Optical properties, Tissue optics, Light sources, Monte Carlo methods

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Proceedings Article | 12 July 2007 Paper

Light attenuation through turbid slabs calculated by solutions of the Maxwell equations

J. Schäfer, A. Kienle, F. Forster, A. Strey

Proceedings Volume 6629, 66290J (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.728550

KEYWORDS: Scattering, Finite-difference time-domain method, Light scattering, Maxwell's equations, Dielectrics, Error analysis, Computer simulations, Magnetism, Interfaces, Refractive index

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Proceedings Article | 12 July 2007 Paper

Determination of the optical properties of turbid media by measurement of the spatially resolved reflectance

Marco Pilz, Alwin Kienle

Proceedings Volume 6629, 66290I (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.728263

KEYWORDS: Scattering, Diffusion, Reflectivity, Optical properties, CCD cameras, Cameras, Convolution, Imaging systems, Photodiodes, Absorption

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Proceedings Article | 12 July 2007 Paper

Determination of the optical properties of anisotropic biological media using isotropic and anisotropic diffusion models

Alwin Kienle, Corinna Wetzel, Andrea Bassi, Daniela Comelli, Paola Taroni, Antonio Pifferi

Proceedings Volume 6629, 66290M (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.728323

KEYWORDS: Monte Carlo methods, Optical properties, Reflectivity, Anisotropic diffusion, Diffusion, Scattering, Absorption, Tissue optics, Light scattering, Optical fibers

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 January 2007 Open Access

Determination of the optical properties of anisotropic biological media using an isotropic diffusion model

Alwin Kienle, Corinna Wetzel, Andrea Bassi, Daniela Comelli, Paola Taroni, Antonio Pifferi

JBO, Vol. 12, Issue 01, 014026, (January 2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.2709864

KEYWORDS: Monte Carlo methods, Reflectivity, Scattering, Optical properties, Diffusion, Optical fibers, Absorption, Collagen, Light scattering, Tissue optics

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 March 2006 Open Access

Phase function measurements on nonspherical scatterers using a two-axis goniometer

Florian Forster, Alwin Kienle, René Michels, Raimund Hibst

JBO, Vol. 11, Issue 02, 024018, (March 2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.2187421

KEYWORDS: Scattering, Light scattering, Laser scattering, Phase measurement, Optical spheres, Scatter measurement, Solids, Spatial resolution, Optical fibers, Tissue optics

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Proceedings Article | 8 October 2005 Paper

Light propagation in a cubic biological tissue having anisotropic optical properties

Alwin Kienle, Rene Michels, Raimund Hibst

Proceedings Volume 5859, 585917 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.632873

KEYWORDS: Optical properties, Reflectivity, Monte Carlo methods, Scattering, Light scattering, Transmittance, Natural surfaces, Tissue optics, Tissues, Radio propagation

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Proceedings Article | 8 October 2005 Paper

Goniometric measurement of the phase function of different fat emulsions

R. Michels, A. Kienle, F. Forster, M. Mueller, R. Hibst

Proceedings Volume 5859, 58591J (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.632882

KEYWORDS: Phase measurement, Mie scattering, Scattering, Polarization, Particles, Light scattering, Solids, Water, Glasses, Optical spheres

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Proceedings Article | 15 October 2003 Paper

Modeling of light propagation in dentin

Florian Forster, Alwin Kienle, Raimund Hibst

Proceedings Volume 5138, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.500732

KEYWORDS: Scattering, Light scattering, Finite-difference time-domain method, Maxwell's equations, Optical spheres, Laser scattering, Refractive index, Dielectrics, Tissues, Electromagnetism

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Proceedings Article | 31 October 2001 Paper

Influence of the phase function on the determination of the optical properties of biological media

Alwin Kienle, Florian Forster, Raimund Hibst

Proceedings Volume 4432, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.447156

KEYWORDS: Monte Carlo methods, Reflectivity, Optical properties, Diffusion, Scattering, Absorption, Picosecond phenomena, Tissue optics, Light scattering, Nonlinear optics

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Proceedings Article | 31 October 2001 Paper

Determination of the optical parameters of dentin from spatially resolved reflectance and transmittance measurements

Florian Forster, Alwin Kienle, Raimund Hibst

Proceedings Volume 4432, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.447124

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Transmittance, Scattering, Diffusion, Absorption, Monte Carlo methods, Optical properties, Geometrical optics, Light scattering, Laser scattering

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Proceedings Article | 22 November 2000 Paper

Spatially resolved laser Doppler spectra from semi-infinite turbid media

Alwin Kienle

Proceedings Volume 4160, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.407639

KEYWORDS: Doppler effect, Blood, Optical properties, Diffusion, Laser scattering, Doppler tomography, Scattering, Near infrared spectroscopy, Tissues, Laser spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 16 November 2000 Paper

Simulation of the thermal effect of laser irradiation to optimize laser epilation

Detlef Russ, Alwin Kienle, Werner Falkenstein, Rudolf Steiner

Proceedings Volume 4161, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.409324

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Tissue optics, Alexandrite lasers, Laser tissue interaction, Absorption, Optical simulations, Nd:YAG lasers, Ruby lasers, Pulsed laser operation, Skin

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Proceedings Article | 15 January 1999 Paper

Noninvasive determination of the optical properties of two-layered turbid media from time-resolved reflectance measurements

Alwin Kienle, Thomas Glanzmann, Georges Wagnieres, Hubert van den Bergh

Proceedings Volume 3570, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.336945

KEYWORDS: Tissue optics, Reflectivity, Chromophores, Absorption, Diffusion, Optical properties, Monte Carlo methods, Tissues, Near infrared spectroscopy, Geometrical optics

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Proceedings Article | 14 January 1998 Paper

Determination of the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of human skin and bladder by spatial frequency domain reflectometry

Nora Doegnitz, Georges Wagnieres, Alwin Kienle, Hubert van den Bergh

Proceedings Volume 3195, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.297883

KEYWORDS: Tissue optics, Scattering, Absorption, Skin, Modulation, Tissues, Bladder, Reflectivity, Monte Carlo methods, Light scattering

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Proceedings Article | 1 January 1998 Paper

Two-layered turbid media with steady-state and frequency- and time-domain reflectance

Alwin Kienle, Michael Patterson, Nora Doegnitz-Utke, Roland Bays, Georges Wagnieres, Hubert van den Bergh

Proceedings Volume 3194, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.301065

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Diffusion, Fourier transforms, Monte Carlo methods, Geometrical optics, Near infrared spectroscopy, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 17 May 1996 Paper

Optimal parameters for laser treatment of leg telangiectasia using the Monte Carlo method

Alwin Kienle, Raimund Hibst

Proceedings Volume 2671, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.240011

KEYWORDS: Blood, Absorption, Scattering, Monte Carlo methods, Skin, Oxygen, Tissue optics, Tissues, Pulsed laser operation, Blood vessels

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Proceedings Article | 31 January 1995 Paper

Investigation of multilayered tissue with in vivo reflectance measurements

Alwin Kienle, Lothar Lilge, Michael Patterson, Brian Wilson, Raimund Hibst, Rudolf Steiner

Proceedings Volume 2326, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.200824

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Absorption, Monte Carlo methods, Tissue optics, Skin, Tissues, Scattering, Protactinium, Diffusion, In vivo imaging

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Proceedings Article | 31 January 1995 Paper

Estimation of the parameters of dye distributions by optical probing

Gerd Beck, Alwin Kienle, Rudolf Steiner

Proceedings Volume 2326, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.200825

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Luminescence, Scattering, Transmittance, Diffusion, Optical properties, Tissue optics, Tissues, Light scattering, Monte Carlo methods

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 September 1994

Photodynamic tumor therapy and on-line fluorescence spectroscopy after ALA administration using 633-nm light as therapeutic and fluorescence excitation radiation

Karsten Koenig, Alwin Kienle, Wolf-Henning Boehncke, Roland Kaufmann, Angelika Rueck, Thomas Meier, Rudolf Steiner

OE, Vol. 33, Issue 09, (September 1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/12.177511

KEYWORDS: Luminescence, Tumors, Skin, Photodynamic therapy, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Monte Carlo methods, Tissues, Photon transport, Laser therapeutics, Phototherapy

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Proceedings Article | 1 March 1994 Paper

Photodynamic tumor therapy and on-line fluorescence spectroscopy after aminolevulinic acid administration using 633-nm light as therapeutic and fluorescence excitation radiation

Karsten Koenig, Alwin Kienle, Wolf-Henning Boehncke, Roland Kaufmann, Angelika Rueck, Thomas Meier, Rudolf Steiner

Proceedings Volume 2078, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.168686

KEYWORDS: Luminescence, Skin, Photodynamic therapy, Monte Carlo methods, Photon transport, Tissues, Tumors, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Absorption, In vivo imaging

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