Obese people present a greater risk of developing other systemic diseases and comorbidities such as compromising the tissue repair process. Laser phototherapy can contribute to this repair by improving cellular functions, since stem cells may play an important role in repair due to their pluripotent potential. In this way, the influence of Laser Phototherapy (LP) was evaluated in the tissue repair of rats submitted to a hyperlipid diet through CD49 immunostaining for adipose stem cells. Forty-eight Wistar albinus rats were divided into two experimental groups: Standard Diet (SD) and Hyperlipid Diet (HD) for 20 weeks. After this period, excisional dorsal cutaneous wounds of 1 cm2 were made. The groups were subdivided into control and laser, the laser groups were irradiated (Diode Laser of Gallium and Aluminum Arsenide, λ660nm, 40mW, 6J / cm2) immediately after the surgery and every 48 hours. A group of rats were killed on day 7 and the other group on day 14 and the specimens processed by the immunohistochemical technique. The SD group presented antibodies marked with moderate to intense intensity, whereas in the HD group the weak staining for the time of 14 days prevailed. The irradiation protocol employed had no influence on the CD49 marker when compared to the control and irradiated groups over the same period. According to the methodology used and the results obtained it is concluded that laser light does not influence the recruitment of adipoderivative stem cells for the tissue repair process.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (AmPDT) of microorganisms mediated by red LED (λ640 ± 5 ηm, 120 mW, spot of 0.785 cm2) associated with Photogem. Microorganisms of the posterior dorsal region of the tongue and oral mucosa were collected and inoculated in 8 mL of TSB medium overnight followed by inverse homogenization. Culture plates with 24 wells were used for the irradiated and non-irradiated species. Each well received 400 μL of the suspension containing the microorganisms. In eight wells no Photogem was used and they were the irradiated and non-irradiated controls. The remain of the wells had Photogem applied with a pre-irradiation time of 5 min in concentrations of 40, 20, 10, 5 e 2.5 μg/mL. LED was applied for 5 min and 45 sec (50 J/cm2). After agitation, 200 μL were withdrawn from each well and colorimetric measurements were immediately taken. Other 200 μL were withdrawn from the wells after 1 hour in bacteriological incubator for a second measurement. The best results found were for 40 μg/mL of Photogem associated with LED irradiation and immediate (36.7%) and for 5 μg/mL with LED irradiation with measurements one hour after incubation (42.8%). This study suggests that antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with Photogem associated to red LED can be a potential mechanism of control of oral microorganisms.
Temporomandibular disorders - TMDs are common painful multifactorial conditions affecting the temporomandibular
joint whose treatment depends on the type and symptoms. Initially it requires pain control and for this, drugs, biting
plates, occlusal adjustment, physiotherapy or their association are used. Laser-phototherapy (LPT) has been used on the
treatment of pain of several origins including TMDs. It is known that wavelength, energy density, frequency of
application influences the outcome of many clinical protocols. This work reports a series of patients of the Center of
Biophotonics of the Federal University of Bahia over 15 years. Following standard anamneses, clinical and imaginologic
examination and with the diagnosis of any type of TMD, the patients were set for light treatment. Treatment consisted of
three sessions a week during six week. Prior irradiation, the patients were asked to score their pain using a VAS. IR
and/or Red diode lasers were used on each session. The medical records of 432 patients (73 male and 359 female)
suffering from TMJ disorders were revised. Most patients were female (~47.9 years old). At the end of the 12 sessions
the patients were again examined and score their pain using VAS. No other intervention was carried out during the
treatment. The results were statistically analyzed and showed that 51.16 % of the patients were asymptomatic or
improved after treatment. It is concluded that LPT was effective on pain reduction on TMJ disorders of several origins.
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a disabling syndrome and one of the most painful conditions that are often reported in female patients older than 50 years of age. The treatment generally includes drugs or surgical approaches. Laser Phototherapy -LPT has also been proposed as a safe and effective treatment modality. This work reports a series of patients of the Center of Biophotonics of the Federal University of Bahia (2000-2016) treated with LPT. Following standard anamneses, clinical and imaginologic examination and with the diagnosis of Trigeminal Neuralgia, the patients were set for light treatment. Treatment consisted of three sessions a week during six week. Prior irradiation, the patients were asked to score their pain using a VAS. λ780, λ 790, λ 830nm lasers were used on each session. Most patients were female (74.8%). At the end of the 12 sessions the patients were again examined and score their pain using VAS. No other intervention was carried out during the treatment. The results were statistically analyzed and showed that, the use of lower Energy Density in smaller number of session in younger patients presents higher effectivity on treating the pain on TN patients.
This work aimed the assessment of the biochemical changes during bone mineralization induced by laser and LED irradiation in an animal model of bone repair using a spectral model based on Raman spectroscopy. Six groups were studied: Clot, Laser (λ780 nm, 70 mW), LED (λ850 nm ± 10 nm, 150 mW), Biomaterial (biphasic synthetic microgranular hydroxyapatite (HA) + β-tricalcium phosphate), Laser + Biomaterial and LED + Biomaterial. When indicated, defects were further irradiated at 48 h interval during 2 wks, 20 J/cm2 per session. At 15th and 30th days, femurs were dissected and spectra of the defects were collected. Raman spectra were submitted to a model to estimate the relative amount of collagen, phosphate HA and carbonate HA, by using spectra of pure collagen, biomaterial and basal bone, respectively. At 15th days, the use of biomaterial associated to phototherapy reduced the collagen formation, whereas the amount of carbonate HA was not different in all groups. The phosphate HA was higher in the groups that received biomaterial grafts. At 30th days, it was observed an increase of collagen for the group Laser + Biomaterial, and a reduction in the carbonate HA for the LED + Biomaterial. The phosphate HA was higher for the groups LED + Biomaterial and Laser + Biomaterial, while decreased for the group Biomaterial. These results indicated that the use of Laser and LED phototherapies improved the repair of bone defects grafted with the biomaterial by increasing the collagen deposition and phosphate HA.
Beside of biomaterials, Laser phototherapy has shown positive results as auxiliary therapy on bone repair. The aim of this study was to evaluate, through histological analysis, the influence of Laser phototherapy in the process of repair of bone defects grafted or not with Hydroxyapatite. Forty rats were divided into 4 groups each subdivided into 2 subgroups according to the time of sacrifice. Surgical bone defects were made on femur of each animal with a trephine drill. On animals of group Clot the defect was filled only by blood, on group Laser the defect filled with the clot and further irradiated. In group Biomaterial the defect was filled with HA + β-TCP graft. In group Laser + Biomaterial, the defect was filled with biomaterial and further irradiated. The irradiation protocols were performed every 48 hours during for 15 days. Animal death occurred after 15 and 30 days. The specimens were routinely processed and evaluated by light microscopy. Qualitative analysis showed that group Laser + Biomaterial was in a more advanced stage of repair at the end of the experimental time. It was concluded that the Laser irradiation improved the repair of bone defects grafted or not.
The treatment of bone loss due to different etiologic factors is difficult and many techniques aim to improve
repair, including a wide range of biomaterials and, recently, phototherapies. This work assessed, by Raman
spectroscopy and histology, the mineralization of bone defects. Forty rats divided into 4 groups each subdivided
into 2 subgroups according to the time of sacrifice were used. Bone defects were made on the femur of each
animal with a trephine drill. On animals of group Clot the defect was filled only by blood clot, on group Laser
the defect filled with the clot was further irradiated. On animals of groups Biomaterial and Laser + Biomaterial
the defect was filled by biomaterial and the last one was further irradiated (λ780 nm, 70 mW, Φ ~ 0.4 cm2, 20 J/cm2-session, 140 J/cm2-treatment). At both 15th and 30th days following sacrifice, samples were taken and analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and light microscopy. Raman peaks of inorganic and organic contents and a
more advanced stage of repair were seen on group Laser + Biomaterial. It is concluded that the use of Laser
phototherapy associated to biomaterial was effective to improve the repair of bone defects.
It is known that wavelength influences the outcome of many clinical protocols. Laser-phototherapy (LPT) and LEDs have been used on the treatment of pain of several origins including temporomandibular disorders - TMDs. TMDs are
common painful multifactorial conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint whose treatment depends on the type and symptoms. Initially it requires pain control and for this, drugs, biting plates, oclusal adjustment, physiotherapy or their association are used. This work reports a series of patients of the Center of Biophotonics of the Federal University of Bahia over 10 years. Following standard anamneses, clinical and imaginologic examination and with the diagnosis of any type of TMD, the patients were set for light treatment. Treatment consisted of three sessions a week during six week. Prior irradiation, the patients were asked to score their pain using a VAS. λ780, λ 790, λ 830nm and/or λ660 and λ680nm lasers or LED were used on each session. Most patients were female (~43.6 years old). At the end of the 12 sessions the patients were again examined and score their pain using VAS. No other intervention was carried out during the treatment. The results were statistically analyzed and showed that most patients were asymptomatic or improved after treatment and that the association of wavelengths was very efficient on the symptomatic group. It is concluded that the association of both wavelengths was effective on pain reduction on TMJ disorders of several origins.
The Bell's palsy (G51) consists of a unilateral face paralysis that sudden begins with unknown cause and can result in
complete mimic loss or partial paralysis of the face. Damage to the VII cranial nerve can be found in the pathology,
promoting mussel's inactivity. The light Photobiomodulation (LPBM) has presented ability of rush the tissue repair,
favoring the regeneration of neural structures. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness use of the 780nm laser
and 850nm LED (light-emitting diode) in the treatment of the face paralysis. Were evaluated 14 patients that suffer of
Bell's palsy whom were submitted to the light administration, on the Laser Clinic of the UFBA between 2005 and 2010.
The treatment was performed by infrared Laser in 11 patients (78.57%), and by LED in 3 patients (21.42%). At the end
of the 12 sections, 11 patients (78.57%) had presented themselves cure or with substantial improvement of the initial
picture, however 3 patients (21.42%) dealt with infra-red Laser λ780nm had not evolution. The light presented as an
effective method for the treatment of Bell's palsy, but the association with the physiotherapy and medications is
important.
Dentistry has traditionally depended on science and technology for improvement of diagnostic tools and treatment
options. The impact of using light sources in clinical Dentistry has been significantly higher than in clinical Medicine
and Surgery. Light sources have been used as a therapeutic agent for many centuries. The major use of light for
therapeutic applications in health care sciences was noticeably initiated after the development of lasers in 1960. The aim
of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of LLLT on treating disorders of the maxillofacial region. For this, the
records of patients treated at the Laser Center of the School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Bahia were revised.
We analyzed 867 treatment cycles in 572 patients. The mean age of the patients was 53.5 years old, most were females.
Majority of them complained of some pain. G50.0 and K07.6 were the most frequent diagnostics. The mean energy
density per session was 18.36 ± 14.6 J/cm2 and mean treatment one 176.4 ± 132.4 J/cm2. IR laser was the most
frequently used wavelength. Most patients were asymptomatic or improved at discharge. Improved or asymptomatic
patients had a mean age of 50.9 years old. For these, the mean number of sessions was 13, the total mean session energy
density was 16.6 J/cm2 and mean total energy density treatment was 169.5 J/cm2. For symptomatic patients, the mean age
was 56.4 years old. The mean number of sessions was 10. The mean energy density per session on these patients was
20.6 J/cm2 and mean total treatment energy density was 210.9 J/cm2. 55.34% of the patients were asymptomatic or
improved at discharge. For these, the mean number of sessions was 13, the total mean session energy density was 16.6
J/cm2 and mean total energy density treatment was 169.5 J/cm2. For symptomatic patients, the mean age was 56.4 years
old. The mean number of sessions was 10. The mean energy density per session on these patients was 20.6 J/cm2 and
mean total treatment energy density was 210.9 J/cm2. The results of this study are indicative that the use of LLLT for
treating different disorders of the maxillofacial region is effective and well accepted by the patients.
The present studied evaluated the in vitro effects of PDT on Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis promastigotes. For
this examination L. amazonensis promastigotes, stain Josefa, were used and maintained in Warren media supplement
with fetal bovine serum at 26°C for 96 hours. A viability curve was accomplished using different concentrations of
methylene blue photosensitizer associated to red laser light in order to obtain the most effective interaction to inhibit the
parasite's growth. Two pre-irradiation periods, 5 and 30 minutes, were evaluated and the promastigotes were counted by
colorimetry. On fluorescence microscopy the autophagic processes and reactive oxygen species were detected.
Promastigotes treated with Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) by concentrations of 5 and 0,315ug/mL, presented cellular
proliferation inhibition when compared to the control. In the first condition, the cells had structural alterations such as
truncated cells, cells with two flagella, bleb formation and cells body deformation, while none of these modifications
could be visualized in the control group. When analyzed through fluorescence microscopy, the promastigotes treated
were positives for free radicals immediately after light application and also 1 hour after treatment presenting signs of
autophagia. PDT on L. (L.) amazonensis is effective causing alterations that can help elucidate the mechanisms of the
parasite's death when treated with methilene
The aim of this study was to evaluate the healing of 3rd degree burn on diabetic rats submitted or not to treatment with
Polarized Light. Diabetes mellitus (Streptozotocin, 60mg/kg) was induced on 45 male Wistar albinus rats and a third degree burn (1.5× 1.5cm) was created in the dorsum of each animal under general anesthesia. After a regular quarantine period, the animals were randomly distributed into three groups as follows: G1: control (no treatment, n =15); G2: Polarized Light (λ=400-2000nm, 20J/cm2) and G3: Polarized Light (λ=400-2000nm, 40J/cm2). The phototherapy performed on group G2 was Polarized Light dose 20J/cm2 and G3 was Polarized Light dose 40J/cm2 (Bioptron®, λ400-2000 nm, 40mW; 2.4J/cm2 per minute; Φ ± 5.5 cm; Bioptron AG, Monchaltorf, Switzerland). The phototherapy started immediately post-burning and was repeated daily until the day before the animal death. The energy was applied transcutaneously respecting the focal distance of 10cm as recommended by the manufacturer. The dose was 20 or 40J/cm2 (4min 15s or 8min.and 30s). At each time point chosen (7, 14, and 21 days post-burning) and following macroscopic examination, each animal was killed by an overdose of general anesthesia. Slides were stained with HE, Sirius Red, and CK AE1/AE3 antibody. Qualitative and semi-quantitative analyses were performed under light
microscopy. The animals submitted to phototherapy (20J/cm2) showed significant differences on regards revascularization and epithelialization. The use of 20J/cm2 was effective on improving the healing of third degree buns on diabetic animals at both early and late stages of the repair.
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