Dr. Benjamin A. Rockwell Profile

Dr. Benjamin A. Rockwell

Principal Research Physicist

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (130)

Proceedings Article | 7 March 2023 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Evaluating the retinal hazard from exposures to the supercontinuum generated by a NIR femtosecond laser

Xomalin Peralta, Joseph Clary, Amanda Peterson, Amanda Tijerina, Matthew Macasadia, Gary Noojin, Brian Lund, Semih Kumru, Benjamin Rockwell, Francesco Echeverria

Proceedings Volume 12377, 1237704 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2646262

KEYWORDS: Near infrared, Eye, Retina, Femtosecond phenomena, Femtosecond pulse shaping, Collimation, Ultrafast phenomena, Laser safety, Standards development, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 2 March 2022 Paper

Paper

Femtosecond laser corneal damage thresholds at 1540 nm and 2000 nm

Xomalin Peralta, Joseph Clary, Amanda Peterson, Michelle Jefferson, Amanda Tijerina, Brian Lund, Wesley Kinerk, Francesco Echeverria, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 11958, 1195807 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2608295

KEYWORDS: Cornea, Femtosecond phenomena, Near infrared, Laser damage threshold, Standards development, Laser safety, Optical coherence tomography, Eye, Safety

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2021 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Evaluating the potential eye hazard at visible wavelengths of the supercontinuum generated by a NIR femtosecond laser in water

Xomalin Peralta, Joseph Clary, Amanda Peterson, Gary Noojin, Brian Lund, Francesco Echeverria, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 11640, 1164004 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2576781

KEYWORDS: Eye, Near infrared, Femtosecond phenomena, Visible radiation, Standards development, Pulsed laser operation, Laser vision correction, Laser safety, Laser applications, Ultrafast phenomena

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Proceedings Article | 20 February 2020 Paper

Paper

Visualizing retinal hemorrhage thresholds for Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers in a novel porcine model

Morgan Schmidt, Heuy-Ching Wang, Gary Noojin, William Elliot, Peter Edsall, Brian Lund, Aurora Shingledecker, Amanda Tijerina, Kurt Schuster, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 11238, 112380U (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2543413

KEYWORDS: Nd:YAG lasers, Visualization, Laser damage threshold, Eye, Retina, Data modeling, Q switched lasers, Laser applications, Visual process modeling, Optical coherence tomography

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Proceedings Article | 20 February 2020 Paper

Paper

Porcine skin damage thresholds for multiple-pulse laser exposure at 1940 nm

Michael DeLisi, Kurt Schuster, Gary Noojin, Amanda Tijerina, Aurora Shingledecker, Morgan Schmidt, Semih Kumru, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 11238, 112380C (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2544357

KEYWORDS: Skin, Laser damage threshold, Laser safety, Fiber lasers, Safety, Pulsed laser operation, Laser applications, Mid-IR

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SPIE Journal Paper | 22 June 2019 Open Access

Open Access

Effect of ambient temperature and intracellular pigmentation on photothermal damage rate kinetics

Michael Denton, Elharith Ahmed, Gary Noojin, Amanda Tijerina, Giovanna Gamboa, Cherry Gonzalez, Benjamin Rockwell

JBO, Vol. 24, Issue 06, 065002, (June 2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.24.6.065002

KEYWORDS: Laser damage threshold, Cell death, Cameras, Temperature metrology, Thermography, Absorption, In vitro testing, Tissues, Laser induced damage, Proteins

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Proceedings Article | 1 March 2019 Paper

Paper

Nonlinear optical properties of water from 1150 nm to 1400 nm

Christopher Marble, Joseph Clary, Gary Noojin, Sean O'Connor, Dawson Nodurft, Andrew Wharmby, Benjamin Rockwell, Marlan Scully, Vladislav Yakovlev

Proceedings Volume 10876, 108760I (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2505654

KEYWORDS: Water, Absorption, Thermal effects, Femtosecond phenomena, Infrared radiation, Transmittance, Liquids, Saturable absorption, Eye, Kerr effect, Ultrafast phenomena, Nonlinear optics

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Proceedings Article | 1 March 2019 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Mid-infrared femtosecond laser damage thresholds in skin

Adam Boretsky, Joseph Clary, Gary Noojin, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 10876, 108760J (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2506778

KEYWORDS: Skin, Tissues, Natural surfaces, Backscatter, Laser damage threshold, Femtosecond phenomena, Mid-IR, Ultrafast phenomena, Laser safety, Laser systems engineering

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Proceedings Article | 1 March 2019 Paper

Paper

Optical properties of thermally damaged porcine dermis and subcutaneous fat

Michael DeLisi, Amanda Peterson, Gary Noojin, Edward Early, Albert Bailey, Amanda Tijerina, Semih Kumru, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 10876, 108760F (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2507985

KEYWORDS: Tissue optics, Tissues, Scattering, Skin, Optical properties, Absorption, Transmittance, Reflectivity, Laser tissue interaction, Temperature metrology

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Proceedings Article | 13 February 2018 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Infrared laser damage thresholds in corneal tissue phantoms using femtosecond laser pulses

Adam Boretsky, Joseph Clary, Gary Noojin, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 10492, 1049204 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2290772

KEYWORDS: Laser ablation, Collagen, Laser damage threshold, Laser tissue interaction, Tissues, Femtosecond phenomena, Natural surfaces, Tissue optics, Cornea, Optical amplifiers

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Proceedings Article | 15 February 2017 Paper

Paper

Correlating measured transient temperature rises with damage rate processes in cultured cells

Michael Denton, Amanda Tijerina, Cherry Gonzalez, B. Giovana Gamboa, Gary Noojin, Elharith Ahmed, John Rickman, Phillip Dyer, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 10062, 100620I (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2250916

KEYWORDS: Temperature metrology, Cell death, Cameras, Microscopy, Thermodynamics, Photothermal interactions, Data modeling, Imaging systems, Calibration, Thermography, Tissues, Fiber lasers

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Proceedings Article | 9 March 2016 Paper

Paper

Lighting up microscopy with random Raman lasing

Brett Hokr, Dawson Nodurft, Jonathan Thompson, Joel Bixler, Gary Noojin, Brandon Redding, Robert Thomas, Hui Cao, Benjamin Rockwell, Marlan Scully, Vladislav Yakovlev

Proceedings Volume 9732, 973208 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2212886

KEYWORDS: Raman spectroscopy, Microscopy, Light sources, Spatial coherence, Laser spectroscopy, Light sources and illumination, Microscopes, Mercury, Lamps, Temporal resolution, Speckle, Laser induced damage, Charge-coupled devices, Laser scattering

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Proceedings Article | 7 March 2016 Paper

Paper

Photothermal damage is correlated to the delivery rate of time-integrated temperature

Michael Denton, Gary Noojin, B. Giovanna Gamboa, Elharith Ahmed, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 9706, 97061M (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2225024

KEYWORDS: Cell death, Cameras, Thermography, Temperature metrology, Tissues, Calibration, Proteins, Thermal modeling, Imaging systems, Absorption

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Proceedings Article | 4 March 2016 Paper

Paper

Evidence of Anderson localization effects in random Raman lasing

Brett Hokr, Alexander Cerjan, Jonathan Thompson, Luqi Yuan, Seng Fatt Liew, Joel Bixler, Gary Noojin, Robert Thomas, Hui Cao, A. Douglas Stone, Benjamin Rockwell, Marlan Scully, Vladislav Yakovlev

Proceedings Volume 9731, 973110 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2212911

KEYWORDS: Raman spectroscopy, Diffusion, Absorption, Raman scattering, Monte Carlo methods, Photons, Picosecond phenomena, Statistical modeling, Nonlinear dynamics, Nonlinear optics, Speckle, Laser applications, Charge-coupled devices, Wave propagation, Laser scattering

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SPIE Journal Paper | 27 January 2016 Open Access

Open Access

Temperature dependence of nanosecond laser pulse thresholds of melanosome and microsphere microcavitation

Morgan Schmidt, Paul Kennedy, Gary Noojin, Robert Thomas, Benjamin Rockwell

JBO, Vol. 21, Issue 01, 015013, (January 2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.21.1.015013

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Near infrared, Laser damage threshold, Cavitation, Temperature metrology, Particles, Pulsed laser operation, Error analysis, Data modeling, Sensors

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SPIE Journal Paper | 21 September 2015 Open Access

Open Access

Trends in nanosecond melanosome microcavitation up to 1540 nm

Morgan Schmidt, Paul Kennedy, Gary Noojin, Rebecca Vincelette, Robert Thomas, Benjamin Rockwell

JBO, Vol. 20, Issue 09, 095011, (September 2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.20.9.095011

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Retina, Near infrared, Laser damage threshold, Skin, Eye, In vivo imaging, Mid-IR, Cavitation, Gaussian beams

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SPIE Journal Paper | 29 July 2015 Open Access

Open Access

Errata: Spatially correlated microthermography maps threshold temperature in laser-induced damage

Michael Denton, Gary Noojin, Michael Foltz, Clifton Clark, Larry Estlack, Benjamin Rockwell, Robert Thomas

JBO, Vol. 20, Issue 07, 079801, (July 2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.20.7.079801

KEYWORDS: Laser damage threshold, Laser induced damage, Biomedical optics, Medical research, Analytical research, Thermal analysis, In vitro testing, Thermal modeling, Error analysis

Proceedings Article | 5 March 2015 Paper

Paper

Temperature dependence of melanosome microcavitation thresholds produced by single nanosecond laser pulses

Morgan Schmidt, Paul Kennedy, Gary Noojin, Robert Thomas, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 9321, 932108 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2079934

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Near infrared, Temperature metrology, Laser damage threshold, Cavitation, Sensors, Nd:YAG lasers, Beam splitters, Statistical analysis, Glasses

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2015 Paper

Paper

Evidence of thermal additivity during short laser pulses in an in vitro retinal model

Michael Denton, Amanda Tijerina, Phillip Dyer, Chad Oian, Gary Noojin, John Rickman, Aurora Shingledecker, Clifton Clark, Cherry Castellanos, Robert Thomas, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 9321, 93210G (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2081243

KEYWORDS: Thermal modeling, Laser damage threshold, Data modeling, In vitro testing, Pulsed laser operation, Cameras, Thermography, Computer simulations, Temperature metrology, Calibration

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SPIE Journal Paper | 15 September 2014 Open Access

Open Access

Thermal evaluation of laser exposures in an in vitro retinal model by microthermal sensing

Tae-Youl Choi, Michael Denton, Gary Noojin, Larry Estlack, Ramesh Shrestha, Benjamin Rockwell, Robert Thomas, Dongsik Kim

JBO, Vol. 19, Issue 09, 097003, (September 2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.19.9.097003

KEYWORDS: Temperature metrology, Sensors, Luminescence, In vitro testing, Thermal modeling, Thermal sensing, Infrared sensors, Thermography, Calibration, Cell death

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SPIE Journal Paper | 9 July 2014 Open Access

Open Access

Assessment of tissue heating under tunable near-infrared radiation

Joel Bixler, Brett Hokr, Michael Denton, Gary Noojin, Aurora Shingledecker, Hope Beier, Robert Thomas, Benjamin Rockwell, Vladislav Yakovlev

JBO, Vol. 19, Issue 07, 070501, (July 2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.19.7.070501

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Tissue optics, Thermography, Laser tissue interaction, Laser damage threshold, Temperature metrology, Radiation effects, Optical parametric oscillators, Imaging systems, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 13 March 2014 Paper

Paper

Thermal and damage data from multiple microsecond pulse trains at 532nm in an in vitro retinal model

Michael Denton, Amanda Tijerina, Aaron Hoffman, Clifton Clark, Gary Noojin, John Rickman, Cherry Castellanos, Aurora Shingledecker, Sarah Boukhris, Robert Thomas, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 8941, 89410J (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2040607

KEYWORDS: Thermal modeling, Data modeling, Pulsed laser operation, Laser damage threshold, In vitro testing, Cameras, Computer simulations, Calibration, Eye models, Thermography

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SPIE Journal Paper | 10 March 2014 Open Access

Open Access

Trends in melanosome microcavitation thresholds for nanosecond pulse exposures in the near infrared

Morgan Schmidt, Paul Kennedy, Rebecca Vincelette, Michael Denton, Gary Noojin, Kurt Schuster, Robert Thomas, Benjamin Rockwell

JBO, Vol. 19, Issue 03, 035003, (March 2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.19.3.035003

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Near infrared, Laser damage threshold, Retina, Eye, Laser safety, Gaussian beams, Nd:YAG lasers, Standards development, Physics

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Proceedings Article | 26 February 2014 Paper

Paper

Melanin microcavitation threshold in the near infrared

Morgan Schmidt, Paul Kennedy, Rebecca Vincelette, Kurt Schuster, Gary Noojin, Andrew Wharmby, Robert Thomas, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 8941, 894109 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2036287

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Near infrared, Laser damage threshold, Temperature metrology, Standards development, Cavitation, Nd:YAG lasers, Beam splitters, Sensors, Laser safety

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SPIE Journal Paper | 27 January 2014 Open Access

Open Access

No effect of femtosecond laser pulses on M13, E. coli, DNA, or protein

Jeffrey Wigle, Eric Holwitt, Larry Estlack, Gary Noojin, Katharine Saunders, Vladislav Yakovlev, Benjamin Rockwell

JBO, Vol. 19, Issue 01, 015008, (January 2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.19.1.015008

KEYWORDS: Proteins, Raman spectroscopy, Femtosecond phenomena, Bacteria, Control systems, Thin film coatings, Single sideband modulation, Iron, Pulsed laser operation, Systems modeling

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SPIE Journal Paper | 5 November 2013 Open Access

Open Access

Hyperthermia sensitizes pigmented cells to laser damage without changing threshold damage temperature

Michael Denton, Gary Noojin, Michael Foltz, Vladislav Yakovlev, Larry Estlack, Robert Thomas, Benjamin Rockwell

JBO, Vol. 18, Issue 11, 110501, (November 2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.18.11.110501

KEYWORDS: Laser induced damage, Control systems, Absorption, Raman spectroscopy, Laser damage threshold, In vitro testing, Luminescence, Cell death, Imaging spectroscopy, Particles

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2013 Paper

Paper

The response of human retinal pigmented epithelial cells in vitro to changes in nitric oxide concentration stimulated by low levels of red light

Brent Lavey, Larry Estlack, Kurt Schuster, Benjamin Rockwell, Jeffrey Wigle

Proceedings Volume 8569, 85690Q (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2004781

KEYWORDS: Proteins, Control systems, Acquisition tracking and pointing, Light emitting diodes, Luminescence, NOx, Cell death, In vitro testing, Oxygen, Semiconductor lasers

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SPIE Journal Paper | 10 July 2012 Open Access

Open Access

Localized thermal mapping using coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy

Hope Beier, Benjamin Rockwell, Gary Noojin

JBO, Vol. 17, Issue 8, 080501, (July 2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.17.8.080501

KEYWORDS: Temperature metrology, Raman spectroscopy, Photonic crystal fibers, Absorption, CARS tomography, Femtosecond phenomena, Oscillators, Thermography, Roads, Spectrographs

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Proceedings Article | 9 February 2012 Paper

Paper

Coherent Raman scattering for localized thermal mapping

Hope Beier, Gary Noojin, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 8221, 822110 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.913283

KEYWORDS: Temperature metrology, Raman scattering, Raman spectroscopy, Chromium, Photonic crystal fibers, Directed energy weapons, Spectroscopy, Spatial resolution, Femtosecond phenomena, Oscillators

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Proceedings Article | 2 March 2011 Paper

Paper

No effect of femtosecond laser pulses on DNA, protein, M13, or E. coli

Jeffrey Wigle, Eric Holwitt, Gary Noojin, Larry Estlack, Katharine Sheldon, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 7897, 789716 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.874754

KEYWORDS: Proteins, Thin film coatings, Femtosecond phenomena, Pulsed laser operation, Control systems, In vitro testing, Photography, Laser bonding, Analytical research, Laser irradiation

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 March 2011 Open Access

Open Access

Spatially correlated microthermography maps threshold temperature in laser-induced damage

Michael Denton, Gary Noojin, Michael Foltz, Clifton Clark, Larry Estlack, Benjamin Rockwell, Robert Thomas

JBO, Vol. 16, Issue 03, 036003, (March 2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.3548881

KEYWORDS: Laser damage threshold, Cell death, Temperature metrology, Thermography, Cameras, Luminescence, In vitro testing, Binary data, Laser induced damage, Thermal modeling

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Proceedings Article | 28 February 2011 Paper

Paper

Stimulated Raman imaging with ultrasound detection

Vladislav Yakovlev, Gary Noojin, Patrick Thomas, Michael Denton, Benjamin Rockwell, Robert Thomas

Proceedings Volume 7899, 78992A (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.875448

KEYWORDS: Raman spectroscopy, Photoacoustic spectroscopy, Signal detection, Ultrasonography, Photoacoustic imaging, Raman scattering, Signal generators, Absorption, Transducers, Tissues

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Proceedings Article | 18 February 2011 Paper

Paper

Characterizing temperature-dependent photo-oxidation to explain the abrupt transition from thermal to non-thermal laser damage mechanisms at 413 nm

Michael Denton, C. Clark, Gary Noojin, Larry Estlack, Adam Schenk, Curtis Burney, Benjamin Rockwell, Robert Thomas

Proceedings Volume 7897, 78970K (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.873469

KEYWORDS: In vitro testing, Luminescence, Laser damage threshold, Laser induced damage, Animal model studies, Temperature metrology, Data modeling, Tissues, In vivo imaging, Oxidation

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Proceedings Article | 18 February 2011 Paper

Paper

VEGF-C as a survival factor for retinal pigment epithelial cells from photothermal stress

Brent Lavey, Katharine Sheldon, Larry Estlack, Kurt Schuster, Michael Barnhart, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 7897, 78971L (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.872755

KEYWORDS: Proteins, Control systems, Fiber lasers, Confocal microscopy, Imaging systems, Luminescence, Laser irradiation, In vitro testing, Tissue optics, Fetus

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Proceedings Article | 23 February 2010 Paper

Paper

Follow up study of near infrared (1100 to 1319 nm) retinal damage thresholds and trends

Ginger Pocock, Jeff Oliver, Gary Noojin, Kurt Schuster, David Stolarski, Aurora Shingledecker, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 7562, 75620E (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.846987

KEYWORDS: Near infrared, Cornea, Retina, Laser damage threshold, Adaptive optics, Eye, Optical coherence tomography, Raster graphics, Coherence (optics), Visible radiation

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Proceedings Article | 25 February 2009 Paper

Paper

Thermal lensing from near-infrared laser radiation in an artificial eye

Rebecca Vincelette, Jeff Oliver, Benjamin Rockwell, Robert Thomas, Ashley Welch

Proceedings Volume 7175, 71750I (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.807971

KEYWORDS: Confocal microscopy, Eye, Imaging systems, Retina, Cameras, Laser beam diagnostics, Video, Absorption, Camera shutters, Water

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Proceedings Article | 12 February 2009 Paper

Paper

In vivo investigation of near infrared retinal lesions utilizing two adaptive optics enhanced imaging modalities

Jeffrey Oliver, Ginger Pocock, Rebecca Vincelette, Semih Kumru, Gary Noojin, Kurt Schuster, David Stolarski, Aurora Shingledecker, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 7175, 71750H (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.807825

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Retina, Optical coherence tomography, Near infrared, Imaging systems, In vivo imaging, Laser damage threshold, Eye, Laser tissue interaction, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 12 February 2009 Paper

Paper

Determination of threshold average temperature for cell death in an in vitro retinal model using thermography

Michael Denton, Michael Foltz, Gary Noojin, Larry Estlack, Robert Thomas, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 7175, 71750G (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.807861

KEYWORDS: Cell death, Laser damage threshold, Luminescence, Thermography, Laser induced damage, Infrared cameras, In vitro testing, Infrared imaging, Cameras, Thermal modeling

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Proceedings Article | 12 February 2009 Paper

Paper

Limiting mechanism for NIR laser retinal damage

Benjamin Rockwell, Rebecca Vincelette, Jeffrey Oliver, Semih Kumru, Gary Noojin, Kurt Schuster, David Stolarski, Aurora Shingledecker, C. Clark, David Wooddell, Robert Thomas

Proceedings Volume 7175, 71750J (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.807710

KEYWORDS: Eye, Absorption, Laser damage threshold, Near infrared, Retina, Chromatic aberrations, Laser beam propagation, Photography, Wave propagation, Laser induced damage

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 September 2008 Open Access

Open Access

Thermal lensing in ocular media exposed to continuous-wave near-infrared radiation: the 1150–1350-nm region

Rebecca Vincelette, Ashley Welch, Robert Thomas, Benjamin Rockwell, David Lund

JBO, Vol. 13, Issue 05, 054005, (September 2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.2978066

KEYWORDS: Retina, Near infrared, Eye, Absorption, Cornea, Eye models, Laser damage threshold, Data modeling, Continuous wave operation

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Proceedings Article | 21 February 2007 Paper

Paper

Visible lesion laser thresholds in Cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) retina with a 1064 nm 12-ns pulsed laser

Jeffrey Oliver, David Stolarski, Gary Noojin, Harvey Hodnett, Michelle Imholte, Benjamin Rockwell, Semih Kumru

Proceedings Volume 6435, 64350Q (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.700587

KEYWORDS: Retina, Animal model studies, Cornea, Pulsed laser operation, Eye models, Cameras, Data modeling, Laser marking, Laser damage threshold, Eye

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Proceedings Article | 21 February 2007 Paper

Paper

Infrared laser damage thresholds for skin at wavelengths from 0.810 to 1.54 microns for femtosecond to microsecond pulse durations

Clarence Cain, William Roach, David Stolarski, Gary Noojin, Semih Kumru, Kevin Stockton, Justin Zohner, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 6435, 64350W (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.715199

KEYWORDS: Skin, Pulsed laser operation, Laser damage threshold, Laser ablation, Femtosecond phenomena, Standards development, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Plasma, Visible radiation, Infrared radiation

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Proceedings Article | 19 February 2007 Paper

Paper

Thermal lensing in the ocular media

Rebecca Vincelette, Robert Thomas, Benjamin Rockwell, Ashley Welch

Proceedings Volume 6435, 64350C (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.702002

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Eye, Thermal effects, Eye models, Water, Tissues, Near infrared, Collimation, Retina, Thermal modeling

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Proceedings Article | 19 February 2007 Paper

Paper

Modeling of surface thermodynamics and damage thresholds in the IR and THz regime

C. Clark, Robert Thomas, Paul Maseberg, Gavin Buffington, Lance Irvin, Jacob Stolarski, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 6435, 643505 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.700477

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Natural surfaces, Laser damage threshold, Absorption, Humidity, Thermal modeling, Terahertz radiation, Thermography, Convection, Blood circulation

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Proceedings Article | 6 February 2007 Paper

Paper

Comparative analysis of histological results of visible lesion thresholds for thermal and LIB induced skin damage at 1.3 μm and 1.5 μm

Justin Zohner, David Stolarski, Ginger Pocock, Jerry Cowart, Clifton Clark, Robert Thomas, Clarence Cain, Semih Kumru, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 6435, 643504 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.700405

KEYWORDS: Skin, Pulsed laser operation, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Plasma, Absorption, Biopsy, Laser tissue interaction, Tissues, Laser damage threshold, Injuries

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 July 2006 Open Access

Open Access

Porcine skin visible lesion thresholds for near-infrared lasers including modeling at two pulse durations and spot sizes

Clarence Cain, Garrett Polhamus, William Roach, David Stolarski, Kurt Schuster, Kevin Stockton, Benjamin Rockwell, Bo Chen, Ashley Welch

JBO, Vol. 11, Issue 04, 041109, (July 2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.2338815

KEYWORDS: Skin, Pulsed laser operation, Laser safety, Thermal modeling, Infrared cameras, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Injuries, Standards development, Temperature metrology, Laser damage threshold

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Proceedings Article | 7 March 2006 Paper

Paper

Precision targeting with a tracking adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope

Daniel Hammer, R. Daniel Ferguson, Chad Bigelow, Nicusor Iftimia, Teoman Ustun, Gary Noojin, David Stolarski, Harvey Hodnett, Michelle Imholte, Semih Kumru, Michelle McCall, Cynthia Toth, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 6138, 613811 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.647477

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, Eye, Imaging systems, Mirrors, Retina, Cameras, Cones, Deformable mirrors, Raster graphics

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 March 2006 Open Access

Open Access

Visible lesion thresholds with pulse duration, spot size dependency, and model predictions for 1.54-µm, near-infrared laser pulses penetrating porcine skin

Clarence Cain, Kurt Schuster, Justin Zohner, Kevin Stockton, David Stolarski, Robert Thomas, Benjamin Rockwell, William Roach

JBO, Vol. 11, Issue 02, 024001, (March 2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.2187987

KEYWORDS: Skin, Pulsed laser operation, Thermal modeling, Laser damage threshold, Tissues, Eye, Q switched lasers, Laser energy, Standards development, Cornea

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Proceedings Article | 1 March 2006 Paper

Paper

Photochemical damage from chronic 458-nm laser exposures in an artificially pigmented hTERT-RPE1 cell line

Michael Foltz, Norris Whitlock, Larry Estlack, Manuel Figueroa, Robert Thomas, Benjamin Rockwell, Michael Denton

Proceedings Volume 6084, 608415 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.644690

KEYWORDS: Mode locking, Cell death, Continuous wave operation, Thermal modeling, Laser damage threshold, Absorption, Animal model studies, Data modeling, Luminescence

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Proceedings Article | 1 March 2006 Paper

Paper

Injury thresholds for topical-cream-coated skin of hairless guinea pigs (cavia porcellus) in the near-infrared region

Ginger Pocock, Justin Zohner, David Stolarski, Kelvin Buchanan, Nichole Jindra, Manuel Figueroa, Lucas Chavey, Michelle Imholte, Robert Thomas, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 6084, 60840I (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.647467

KEYWORDS: Skin, Thermal modeling, Plasma, Injuries, Tissue optics, Laser damage threshold, Pulsed laser operation, Tissues, Temperature metrology, Absorption

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Proceedings Article | 1 March 2006 Paper

Paper

Visible lesion thresholds and model predictions for Q-switched 1318-nm and 1540-nm laser exposures to porcine skin

Justin Zohner, Kurt Schuster, Lucas Chavey, David Stolarski, Semih Kumru, Benjamin Rockwell, Robert Thomas, Clarence Cain

Proceedings Volume 6084, 60840E (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.644757

KEYWORDS: Skin, Thermal modeling, Laser damage threshold, Q switched lasers, Biopsy, Plasma, Pulsed laser operation, Beam splitters, Mirrors, Q switching

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Proceedings Article | 1 March 2006 Paper

Paper

A comparison of a first-order thermal lensing model to a closed aperture Z-scan for the propagation of light in ocular media.

Rebecca Vincelette, Robert Thomas, Benjamin Rockwell, Ashley Welch

Proceedings Volume 6084, 60840G (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.645445

KEYWORDS: Data modeling, Thermal effects, Thermal modeling, Eye models, Statistical modeling, Absorption, Refraction, Transmittance, Mathematical modeling, Thermography

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Proceedings Article | 28 February 2006 Paper

Paper

Threshold damage of in vivo porcine skin at 2000 nm laser irradiation

Bo Chen, Daniel O'Dell, Sharon Thomsen, Benjamin Rockwell, Ashley Welch

Proceedings Volume 6084, 60840C (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.639069

KEYWORDS: Skin, Laser damage threshold, Laser irradiation, Infrared cameras, Laser safety, Infrared imaging, Cameras, Injuries, Standards development, In vivo imaging

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Proceedings Article | 28 February 2006 Paper

Paper

Detection of 2-photon oxidation from a NIR laser using confocal microscopy

Kurt Schuster, Larry Estlack, Benjamin Rockwell, Michael Denton

Proceedings Volume 6084, 60841H (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.644651

KEYWORDS: Luminescence, Near infrared, Confocal microscopy, Microscopes, Prisms, Glasses, Ultrafast phenomena, Visualization, Objectives, Oxidation

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Proceedings Article | 28 February 2006 Paper

Paper

An alternative method of evaluating 1540nm exposure laser damage using an optical tissue phantom

Nichole Jindra, Manuel Figueroa, Lucas Chavey, Justin Zohner, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 6084, 60840D (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.643108

KEYWORDS: Epoxies, Skin, Laser induced damage, Tissue optics, Laser tissue interaction, Tissues, Water, Pulsed laser operation, Infrared lasers, Statistical analysis

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Proceedings Article | 25 April 2005 Paper

Paper

Retinal, functional, and morphological comparisons of two different macaque species, Macaca mulatta and Macaca fasicularis, for models of laser eye injury

Cheryl DiCarlo, Henry Hacker, Araceli Brown, Rachael Cheramie, Gary Martinsen, Benjamin Rockwell, Bruce Stuck

Proceedings Volume 5686, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.593668

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Tissues, Data modeling, Eye models, Medical research, Eye, Standards development, Injuries, Laser safety, Animal model studies

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Proceedings Article | 18 April 2005 Paper

Paper

Experimental and theoretical studies of broadband optical thermal damage to the retina

Robert Thomas, Gavin Buffington, Michael Edwards, Clarence Cain, Kurt Schuster, David Stolarski, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 5688, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.589936

KEYWORDS: Retina, Laser damage threshold, Data modeling, Tissues, Eye, Tissue optics, Absorption, Transmittance, Eye models, Thermal modeling

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Proceedings Article | 15 April 2005 Paper

Paper

ED50 study of femtosecond terawatt laser pulses on porcine skin

Semih Kumru, Clarence Cain, Gary Noojin, Michelle Imholte, Duane Cox, Carrie Crane, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 5695, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.585036

KEYWORDS: Skin, Optical amplifiers, Atmospheric propagation, Femtosecond phenomena, Laser damage threshold, Pulsed laser operation, Biopsy, Laser ablation, Laser systems engineering, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 15 April 2005 Paper

Paper

Retinal injury resulting from simultaneous exposure to radiation from two lasers with different wavelengths

David Stolarski, Clarence Cain, Kurt Schuster, Michelle Imholte, Val Carothers, Gavin Buffington, Michael Edwards, Robert Thomas, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 5695, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.589373

KEYWORDS: Laser damage threshold, Retina, Eye, Thermal modeling, Absorption, Standards development, Cameras, Laser safety, Safety, Photography

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Proceedings Article | 15 April 2005 Paper

Paper

Intracellular signaling mechanisms responsive to laser-induced photochemical and thermal stress

Randolph Glickman, Mohan Natarajan, Benjamin Rockwell, Michael Denton, Saher Maswadi, Neeru Kumar, Francis Nieves-Roldan

Proceedings Volume 5695, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.584135

KEYWORDS: Continuous wave operation, Proteins, Cell death, Laser tissue interaction, Injuries, Ultraviolet radiation, Oxygen, Receptors, Laser therapeutics, Oxidation

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Proceedings Article | 1 July 2004 Paper

Paper

Porcine skin thermal response to near-IR lasers using a fast infrared camera

Clarence Cain, Thomas Milner, Sergey Telenkov, Kurt Schuster, Kevin Stockton, David Stolarski, Chris Condit, Benjamin Rockwell, William Roach, A. Welch

Proceedings Volume 5319, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.529356

KEYWORDS: Skin, Temperature metrology, Infrared cameras, Monte Carlo methods, Scattering, Absorption, Pulsed laser operation, Light scattering, Data modeling, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 1 July 2004 Paper

Paper

Model predictions and measured skin damage thresholds for 1.54-um laser pulses in porcine skin

William Roach, Clarence Cain, Kurt Schuster, Kevin Stockton, David Stolarski, Robert Galloway, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 5319, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.529398

KEYWORDS: Skin, Thermal modeling, Laser damage threshold, Pulsed laser operation, Neodymium, Laser safety, Mathematical modeling, Laser induced damage, Standards development, Data modeling

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Proceedings Article | 1 July 2004 Paper

Paper

Effects of femtosecond terawatt laser pulses on materials similar to porcine skin

Semih Kumru, Gary Noojin, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 5319, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.532854

KEYWORDS: Femtosecond phenomena, Skin, Pulsed laser operation, Atmospheric propagation, Laser damage threshold, Amplifiers, Laser systems engineering, Laser applications, Wave propagation, Refraction

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Proceedings Article | 1 July 2004 Paper

Paper

Retinal injury from simultaneous exposure to 532-nm and 860-nm laser irradiation

Kurt Schuster, William Roach, Garrett Polhamus, John Notabartolo, Cheryl DiCarlo, Kevin Stockton, David Stolarski, Val Carothers, Benjamin Rockwell, Clarence Cain

Proceedings Volume 5319, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.529431

KEYWORDS: Eye, Standards development, Laser irradiation, Beam splitters, Injuries, Retina, Cameras, Laser tissue interaction, Sensors, Photography

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Proceedings Article | 1 July 2004 Paper

Paper

Microcavitation and spot size dependence for damage of artificially pigmented hTERT-RPE1 cells

Brian Mills, Tracie Connor, Michael Foltz, Jacob Stolarski, Kristy Hayes, Michael Denton, Debbie Eikum, Gary Noojin, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 5319, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.530331

KEYWORDS: Luminescence, In vivo imaging, Laser damage threshold, Gaussian beams, In vitro testing, Microscopes, Amplifiers, Sensors, Eye, Argon ion lasers

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Proceedings Article | 1 July 2004 Paper

Paper

Photo-oxidation from mode-locked laser exposure to hTERT-RPE1 cells

Michael Denton, Debbie Eikum, Gary Noojin, David Stolarski, Randolph Glickman, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 5319, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.529355

KEYWORDS: Mode locking, Luminescence, Continuous wave operation, Near infrared, Laser damage threshold, Microscopy, Microscopes, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Target detection, Oxidation

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Proceedings Article | 27 August 2003 Paper

Paper

Melanin and the cellular effects of ultrashort-pulse near-infrared laser radiation

Randolph Glickman, Neeru Kumar, Benjamin Rockwell, Gary Noojin, Michael Denton, David Stolarski

Proceedings Volume 4961, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.477653

KEYWORDS: Comets, Continuous wave operation, Near infrared, Pulsed laser operation, Ultrafast phenomena, Chromophores, Absorption, Control systems, Mode locking

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Proceedings Article | 27 August 2003 Paper

Paper

Model predictions and measured skin damage thresholds for 1.54-μm laser pulses in porcine skin

William Roach, James Thomas, Kurt Schuster, Kevin Stockton, David Stolarski, Michael Foltz, Benjamin Rockwell, Clarence Cain

Proceedings Volume 4961, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.477656

KEYWORDS: Skin, Laser damage threshold, Pulsed laser operation, Injuries, Thermal modeling, Standards development, Mathematical modeling, Laser applications, Laser safety, Cornea

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Proceedings Article | 20 June 2003 Paper

Paper

Pigmentation in NIR laser tissue damage

Michael Denton, Debbie Eikum, Gary Noojin, David Stolarski, Robert Thomas, Randolph Glickman, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 4953, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.476898

KEYWORDS: Mode locking, Continuous wave operation, Laser tissue interaction, Near infrared, Laser damage threshold, Laser induced damage, Particles, Cell death, In vivo imaging, Absorption

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Proceedings Article | 20 June 2003 Paper

Paper

Nonlinear optical characterization of retinal molecules

Kristy Hayes, Robert Thomas, Jacob Stolarski, Benjamin Rockwell, David Stolarski, Michael Denton, Debbie Eikum, Gary Noojin, Randolph Glickman

Proceedings Volume 4953, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.476886

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Retina, Laser damage threshold, Transmittance, Ultrafast phenomena, Pulsed laser operation, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Laser induced damage, Tissues, Molecules

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Proceedings Article | 20 June 2003 Paper

Paper

Laser eye protection bleaching with femtosecond exposure

Jacob Stolarski, Kristy Hayes, Robert Thomas, Gary Noojin, David Stolarski, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 4953, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.476887

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Femtosecond phenomena, Optical filters, Absorbance, Transmittance, Laser eye protection, Optical testing, Eyewear, Laser safety, Ultrafast phenomena

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Proceedings Article | 19 June 2003 Paper

Paper

LIB thresholds at 44 fs, 810 nm, for chirped and nonchirped laser pulses

Clarence Cain, Robert Thomas, David Stolarski, Gary Noojin, Gavin Buffington, Paul Kennedy, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 4978, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.478592

KEYWORDS: Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Laser damage threshold, Dispersion, Eye, Glasses, Water, Refraction, Laser induced damage, Pulsed laser operation, Medium wave

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Proceedings Article | 27 June 2002 Paper

Paper

Cytotoxicity in cultured RPE: a comparative study between continuous-wave and mode-locked lasers

Michael Denton, Debbie Eikum, David Stolarski, Gary Noojin, Robert Thomas, Randolph Glickman, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 4617, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.472519

KEYWORDS: Continuous wave operation, Mode locking, Cell death, Luminescence, Laser safety, Near infrared, In vivo imaging, Retina, Visualization, Laser applications

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Proceedings Article | 27 June 2002 Paper

Paper

Hydrogen peroxide production in cultured RPE cells exposed to near-infrared lasers

Michael Denton, Debbie Eikum, David Stolarski, Gary Noojin, Robert Thomas, Randolph Glickman, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 4617, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.472518

KEYWORDS: Luminescence, Mode locking, Continuous wave operation, Hydrogen, Target detection, Near infrared, Absorption, Multiphoton fluorescence microscopy, Microscopy, Oxygen

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Proceedings Article | 27 June 2002 Paper

Paper

Nonlinear absorption studies of melanin

David Stolarski, Jacob Stolarski, Robert Thomas, Gary Noojin, Kurt Schuster, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 4617, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.472520

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Transmittance, Retina, Laser energy, Pulsed laser operation, Laser tissue interaction, Picosecond phenomena, Laser damage threshold, Continuous wave operation, Optical filters

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Proceedings Article | 27 June 2002 Paper

Paper

Evidence for excitation of fluorescence in RPE melanin by multiphoton absorption

Randolph Glickman, Benjamin Rockwell, Gary Noojin, David Stolarski, Michael Denton

Proceedings Volume 4617, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.472521

KEYWORDS: Luminescence, Absorption, Ultrafast phenomena, Continuous wave operation, Chromophores, Pulsed laser operation, Near infrared, Raman spectroscopy, Spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 27 June 2002 Paper

Paper

Laser damage threshold trends for sub-100-fs pulses in the retina

Robert Thomas, Gary Noojin, Paul Kennedy, Benjamin Rockwell, Kate Denning, Jesse Shaver, Gavin Buffington

Proceedings Volume 4617, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.472517

KEYWORDS: Laser damage threshold, Eye, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Eye models, Dispersion, Ultrafast phenomena, Radio propagation, Monochromatic aberrations, Retina, Pulsed laser operation

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Proceedings Article | 9 July 2001 Paper

Paper

Retinal damage thresholds for 40-fs laser pulses

Benjamin Rockwell, Cynthia Toth, David Stolarski, Gary Noojin, Paul Kennedy, Jesse Shaver, Gavin Buffington, Robert Thomas

Proceedings Volume 4257, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.434694

KEYWORDS: Laser damage threshold, Laser induced damage, Ultrafast phenomena, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Femtosecond phenomena, Eye, Laser safety, Pulsed laser operation, Dispersion, Wave propagation

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Proceedings Article | 9 July 2001 Paper

Paper

Using optical coherence tomography to elucidate the impact of fixation on retinal laser pathology

Michelle McCall, Curtis Harkrider, Vincent Deramo, Sarah Bailey, Katrina Winter, Benjamin Rockwell, David Stolarski, Cynthia Toth

Proceedings Volume 4257, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.434698

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Tissues, Laser tissue interaction, Tissue optics, Retina, Photomicroscopy, Pathology, In vivo imaging, Mirrors, Image processing

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Purpose: The direct comparison of in-vivo OCT images with fixed tissues sections assumes the fixation of tissue has no effect on the size and configuration of final pathology images such as light micrographs. Fixation artifact has been a concern in numerous studies of the pathology of retinal laser lesions. We tested this hypothesis. Methods: The Humphrey OCT model 2000 with a custom mirror and lens assembly was used to scan tissue phantoms and both fresh and fixed ex-vivum tissue samples. The optical configuration was determined by optimization of the contrast and signal strength on tissue phantoms. Fresh porcine retinas were scanned using this optimal configuration, then fixed using either glutaraldehyde or formalin. OCT images were taken of the tissue at various stages during the fixation process. Additionally, we examined fixed retinal tissue containing retinal laser lesions as a part of our study of ultrashort-pulsed laser effects on the macacca mulatta retina. Histologic sections were prepared and evaluated. Results: In this presentation, we describe our optical setup and image optimization process and assess the effects of glutaraldehyde and formalin processing on OCT image quality. The OCT images of glutaraldehyde-fixed laser lesions are compared with similar images of laser lesions in-vivo. Fixation artifacts appeared on OCT at 2 to 24 hours. Opacification of the lumen of large vessels was seen at two hours with both glutaraldehyde and formalin, while fixation induced retinal detachment appeared at 24 hours. Overall, there was a grater delineation of the laser lesions by OCT at 24 hours when compared to at 1 or 2 hours of fixation. Conclusions: Fixations induced changes in OCT scans of retinal tissue are present as early as 2 hours after immersion in fixative. Although both glutaraldehyde and formalin fixation preserve much of the tissue structure, these method of fixation have s significant effect on OCT imaging of both normal retinal tissue and laser lesions.

Proceedings Article | 9 July 2001 Paper

Paper

Reduction of protection from laser eyewear with ultrashort exposure

David Stolarski, Jacob Stolarski, Gary Noojin, Benjamin Rockwell, Robert Thomas

Proceedings Volume 4257, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.434695

KEYWORDS: Transmittance, Absorption, Optical filters, Absorbance, Pulsed laser operation, Eyewear, Data modeling, Picosecond phenomena, Glasses, Optical testing

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Proceedings Article | 9 July 2001 Paper

Paper

Pulsewidth-dependent nature of laser-induced DNA damage in RPE cells

Rebecca Hall, Randolph Glickman, Benjamin Rockwell, Neeru Kumar, Gary Noojin

Proceedings Volume 4257, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.434700

KEYWORDS: Comets, Pulsed laser operation, Ultrafast phenomena, Mode locking, Continuous wave operation, Head, Absorption, Photons, Microscopes, Molecules

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 July 2001

Efficiently tracking a moving object in two-dimensional image space

Steven Barrett, Cameron Wright, Harry Zwick, Michael Wilcox, Benjamin Rockwell, Espen Naess

JEI, Vol. 10, Issue 03, (July 2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.1380202

KEYWORDS: Detection and tracking algorithms, Retina, Algorithm development, Video, Eye, Head, Laser coagulation, Cameras, Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, Electrical engineering

Proceedings Article | 17 May 2001 Paper

Paper

Comparative study of ocular damage thresholds from continuous-wave and femtosecond mode-locked lasers

Robert Thomas, Gary Noojin, David Stolarski, Rebecca Hall, Clarence Cain, Cynthia Toth, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 4246, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.426723

KEYWORDS: Mode locking, Laser damage threshold, Continuous wave operation, Pulsed laser operation, Standards development, Laser safety, Retina, Femtosecond phenomena, Eye

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Proceedings Article | 4 May 2001 Paper

Paper

Physical and photochemical properties of ocular melanin

Randolph Glickman, James Gallas, Steven Jacques, Benjamin Rockwell, Dhiraj Sardar

Proceedings Volume 4241, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.431511

KEYWORDS: Particles, Absorption, Scattering, Light scattering, Visible radiation, Eye, Scanning tunneling microscopy, X-rays, Tissue optics, Retina

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Proceedings Article | 12 April 2001 Paper

Paper

Effects of dispersion and aberrations in ocular focusing of femtosecond pulses and the impact on damage mechanisms

Jesse Shaver, Gavin Buffington, Benjamin Rockwell, Robert Thomas, Clarence Cain, Gary Noojin, David Stolarski

Proceedings Volume 4347, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.425047

KEYWORDS: Laser induced damage, Laser damage threshold, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Ultrafast phenomena, Eye models, Eye, Femtosecond phenomena, Dispersion, Laser safety, Pulsed laser operation

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 July 2000 Open Access

Open Access

Comparison of macular versus paramacular retinal sensitivity to femtosecond laser pulses

Clarence Cain, Cynthia Toth, Robert Thomas, Gary Noojin, Val Carothers, David Stolarski, Benjamin Rockwell

JBO, Vol. 5, Issue 03, (July 2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.430002

KEYWORDS: Eye, Macula, Retina, Laser damage threshold, Pulsed laser operation, Photography, Femtosecond phenomena, Laser safety, Standards development, Laser systems engineering

Proceedings Article | 3 March 2000 Paper

Paper

Retinal damage from femtosecond to nanosecond laser exposure

Robert Thomas, Gary Noojin, David Stolarski, Gordon Hengst, Cynthia Toth, William Roach, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 3902, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.379341

KEYWORDS: Ultrafast phenomena, Laser induced damage, Laser damage threshold, Femtosecond phenomena, Laser safety, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Retina, Visible radiation, Eye, Pulsed laser operation

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 July 1999 Open Access

Open Access

Comparative study of laser damage threshold energies in the artificial retina

Dale Payne, Richard Hopkins, Brent Eilert, Gary Noojin, David Stolarski, Robert Thomas, Clarence Cain, Gordon Hengst, Paul Kennedy, Thomas Jost, Benjamin Rockwell

JBO, Vol. 4, Issue 03, (July 1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.429935

KEYWORDS: Retina, Eye, Laser damage threshold, Pulsed laser operation, Near infrared, Microscopes, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Femtosecond phenomena, Particles, Ultrafast phenomena

Proceedings Article | 18 June 1999 Paper

Paper

Ocular dispersion

Daniel Hammer, Gary Noojin, Robert Thomas, David Stolarski, Benjamin Rockwell, Ashley Welch

Proceedings Volume 3591, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.350572

KEYWORDS: Refractive index, Water, Vitreous, Interferometry, Prisms, Cornea, Temperature metrology, Liquids, Silica, Visible radiation

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Proceedings Article | 14 June 1999 Paper

Paper

Multiple pulse thresholds in live eyes for ultrashort laser pulses in the near infrared

David Stolarski, Clarence Cain, Cynthia Toth, Gary Noojin, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 3601, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.350009

KEYWORDS: Laser damage threshold, Standards development, Macula, Ultrafast phenomena, Eye, Femtosecond phenomena, Retina, Pulsed laser operation, Picosecond phenomena, Optical amplifiers

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Proceedings Article | 14 June 1999 Paper

Paper

Histopathology of ultrashort pulsed laser retinal damage: changing retinal pathology with variation in spot size for near-infrared laser lesions

Cynthia Toth, Katrina Winter, Michelle Norton McCall, Benjamin Rockwell, Clarence Cain

Proceedings Volume 3601, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.350027

KEYWORDS: Pulsed laser operation, Injuries, Near infrared, Retina, Photography, Laser induced damage, Laser tissue interaction, Ultrafast phenomena, Eye, Angiography

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Proceedings Article | 14 June 1999 Paper

Paper

Methods of achieving three-dimensional reconstruction of tissue at the ultrastructural level demonstrating the distribution of melanosomes within retinal pigment epithelium

Cynthia Toth, Ewa Worniallo, Sarah Bailey, Benjamin Rockwell, Clarence Cain

Proceedings Volume 3601, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.349998

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Transmission electron microscopy, 3D image processing, Confocal microscopy, Microscopy, 3D modeling, Laser tissue interaction, Electron microscopy, Microscopes, 3D image reconstruction

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Proceedings Article | 14 June 1999 Paper

Paper

Comparison of retinal damage thresholds of laser pulses in the macula/paramacula regions of the live eye

Gary Noojin, Clarence Cain, Cynthia Toth, David Stolarski, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 3601, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.350036

KEYWORDS: Macula, Laser damage threshold, Eye, Laser induced damage, Retina, Laser systems engineering, Optical amplifiers, Femtosecond phenomena, Oscillators, Statistical analysis

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Proceedings Article | 14 June 1999 Paper

Paper

Cavitation thresholds in the rabbit retinal pigmented epithelium

Dale Payne, Thomas Jost, James Elliot, Brent Eilert, Laura Lott, Karen Lott, Gary Noojin, Richard Hopkins, Charles Lin, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 3601, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.350019

KEYWORDS: Cavitation, Picosecond phenomena, Laser damage threshold, Retina, Laser irradiation, Eye models, Microscopes, Analytical research, Laser systems engineering, Personal digital assistants

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Proceedings Article | 14 June 1999 Paper

Paper

Retinal damage mechanisms and safety for ultrashort laser exposure

Benjamin Rockwell, Cynthia Toth, William Roach, Dale Payne, Richard Hopkins, Paul Kennedy, David Stolarski, Gary Noojin, Robert Thomas, Clarence Cain

Proceedings Volume 3601, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.349987

KEYWORDS: Laser safety, Ultrafast phenomena, Laser damage threshold, Eye, Retina, Femtosecond phenomena, Safety, Near infrared, Pulsed laser operation, Standards development

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Proceedings Article | 4 June 1999 Paper

Paper

Safe use of ultrashort lasers

Benjamin Rockwell, Clarence Cain, William Roach, Robert Thomas

Proceedings Volume 3616, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.351838

KEYWORDS: Laser safety, Laser systems engineering, Femtosecond phenomena, Laser damage threshold, Retina, Ultrafast phenomena, Safety, Pulsed laser operation, Eye, Standards development

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Proceedings Article | 1 June 1998 Paper

Paper

Influence of optical aberrations on laser-induced plasma formation in water and their consequences for intraocular photodisruption

Alfred Vogel, Kester Nahen, Dirk Theisen, Reginald Birngruber, Robert Thomas, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 3246, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.309423

KEYWORDS: Plasma, Monochromatic aberrations, Laser energy, Diffraction, Microsurgery, Cavitation, Optical aberrations, Laser damage threshold, Pulsed laser operation, Laser optics

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Proceedings Article | 18 May 1998 Paper

Paper

Damage mechanisms of pico- and femtosecond laser retinal lesions as viewed by electron microscopy

Cynthia Toth, Eric Chiu, J. Jumper, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 3255, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.308216

KEYWORDS: Femtosecond phenomena, Electron microscopy, Ultrafast phenomena, Picosecond phenomena, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Cavitation, Laser induced damage, Laser tissue interaction, Plasma, Microscopes

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Proceedings Article | 18 May 1998 Paper

Paper

Retinal damage mechanisms from ultrashort laser exposure

Benjamin Rockwell, Dale Payne, Richard Hopkins, Daniel Hammer, Paul Kennedy, Rodney Amnotte, Brent Eilert, Jeffrey Druessel, Cynthia Toth, William Roach, Shana Phillips, David Stolarski, Gary Noojin, Robert Thomas, Clarence Cain

Proceedings Volume 3255, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.308221

KEYWORDS: Pulsed laser operation, Eye, Laser safety, Ultrafast phenomena, Laser damage threshold, Laser induced damage, Retina, Femtosecond phenomena, Standards development, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 18 May 1998 Paper

Paper

Laser-induced breakdown in the eye at pulse durations from 80 ns to 100 fs

Alfred Vogel, Joachim Noack, Kester Nahen, Dirk Theisen, Reginald Birngruber, Daniel Hammer, Gary Noojin, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 3255, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.308220

KEYWORDS: Plasma, Electrons, Pulsed laser operation, Absorption, Laser damage threshold, Picosecond phenomena, Particles, Ultrafast phenomena, Free electron lasers, Eye

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Proceedings Article | 13 May 1998 Paper

Paper

Visible-lesion threshold dependency on retinal spot size for ultrashort laser pulses in the near infrared

Clarence Cain, Cynthia Toth, Gary Noojin, David Stolarski, Dale Payne, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 3254, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.308156

KEYWORDS: Retina, Laser damage threshold, Eye, Angiography, Photography, Near infrared, Ultrafast phenomena, Femtosecond phenomena, Cornea, Visible radiation

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Proceedings Article | 13 May 1998 Paper

Paper

Energy balance of optical breakdown in water

Alfred Vogel, Joachim Noack, Kester Nahen, Dirk Theisen, Stefan Busch, Ulrich Parlitz, Daniel Hammer, Gary Noojin, Benjamin Rockwell, Reginald Birngruber

Proceedings Volume 3254, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.308162

KEYWORDS: Plasma, Pulsed laser operation, Cavitation, Absorption, Picosecond phenomena, Energy efficiency, Laser damage threshold, Laser scattering, Scattering, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 13 May 1998 Paper

Paper

Parameter sensitivity of the Thompson granular retinal damage model

Paul Kennedy, Jeffrey Druessel, James Cupello, Stephen Till, Bernard Gerstman, Charles Thompson, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 3254, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.308160

KEYWORDS: Statistical analysis, Absorption, Biological research, Data modeling, Diffractive optical elements, Eye models, Pulsed laser operation, Eye, Laser induced damage, Analytical research

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Proceedings Article | 13 May 1998 Paper

Paper

Windows of opportunity: applying ultrashort laser pulses for selective tissue effects

Cynthia Toth, Eric Chiu, Katrina Winter, Clarence Cain, Gary Noojin, William Roach, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 3254, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.308155

KEYWORDS: Ultrafast phenomena, Retina, Injuries, Laser energy, Laser tissue interaction, Pulsed laser operation, Argon ion lasers, In vivo imaging, Vitreous, Eye

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Proceedings Article | 13 May 1998 Paper

Paper

Threshold energies in the artificial retina

Dale Payne, Richard Hopkins, Brent Eilert, Gary Noojin, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 3254, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.308157

KEYWORDS: Retina, Eye, Pulsed laser operation, Laser damage threshold, Near infrared, Ultrafast phenomena, Visible radiation, Analytical research, Laser energy, Femtosecond phenomena

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Proceedings Article | 14 January 1998 Paper

Paper

Femtosecond laser pulses in the near-infrared produce visible lesions in the primate eye

Clarence Cain, Cynthia Toth, Gary Noojin, David Stolarski, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 3195, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.297885

KEYWORDS: Picosecond phenomena, Femtosecond phenomena, Eye, Angiography, Visible radiation, Laser systems engineering, Nd:YAG lasers, Laser damage threshold, Laser safety, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 16 June 1997 Paper

Paper

Visible lesion thresholds from near-infrared pico- and nanosecond laser pulses in the primate eye

Clarence Cain, Cynthia Toth, Cheryl DiCarlo, Gary Noojin, Rodney Amnotte, Val Caruthers, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 2975, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.275467

KEYWORDS: Picosecond phenomena, Eye, Laser damage threshold, Angiography, Photography, Nd:YAG lasers, Retina, Mode locking, Visible radiation, Laser safety

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Proceedings Article | 16 June 1997 Paper

Paper

Measurement of the self-focusing threshold in aqueous media by ultrashort laser pulses

Daniel Hammer, Gary Noojin, Robert Thomas, Richard Hopkins, Paul Kennedy, Jeffrey Druessel, Benjamin Rockwell, Ashley Welch, Clarence Cain

Proceedings Volume 2975, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.275472

KEYWORDS: Laser damage threshold, Picosecond phenomena, Laser induced damage, Eye, Ultrafast phenomena, Femtosecond phenomena, Medium wave, Pulsed laser operation, Eye models, Refractive index

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Proceedings Article | 16 June 1997 Paper

Paper

White-light interferometric measurements of aqueous media dispersive properties

David Stolarski, Robert Thomas, Gary Noojin, Dale Payne, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 2975, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.275471

KEYWORDS: Interferometers, Refractive index, Interferometry, Water, Vitreous, Lamps, Spectrographs, Ultrafast phenomena, Xenon, Iris recognition

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Proceedings Article | 16 June 1997 Paper

Paper

Retinal spot size with wavelength

Benjamin Rockwell, Daniel Hammer, Paul Kennedy, Rodney Amnotte, Brent Eilert, Jeffrey Druessel, Dale Payne, Shana Phillips, David Stolarski, Gary Noojin, Robert Thomas, Clarence Cain

Proceedings Volume 2975, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.275470

KEYWORDS: Retina, Chromatic aberrations, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Eye, Refractive index, In vivo imaging, Laser damage threshold, Eye models, Absorption, Animal model studies

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Proceedings Article | 16 June 1997 Paper

Paper

Action spectrum of oxidative reactions mediated by light-activated melanin

Randolph Glickman, Benjamin Rockwell, Steven Jacques

Proceedings Volume 2975, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.275469

KEYWORDS: Proteins, Argon ion lasers, Lamps, Absorption, Continuous wave operation, Retina, Visible radiation, Chromophores, Photons, Oxidation

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Proceedings Article | 26 May 1997 Paper

Paper

Digital imaging-based retinal photocoagulation system

Steven Barrett, Cameron Wright, Erik Oberg, Benjamin Rockwell, Clarence Cain, Henry Rylander, Ashley Welch

Proceedings Volume 2971, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.275102

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Retina, In vivo imaging, Cameras, Video, Computing systems, Argon ion lasers, Prototyping, Blood vessels, Laser coagulation

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Proceedings Article | 2 May 1997 Paper

Paper

Ultrashort-laser-pulse retinal damage

Benjamin Rockwell, William Roach, Dale Payne, Paul Kennedy, Jeffrey Druessel, Rodney Amnotte, Brent Eilert, Shana Phillips, David Stolarski, Gary Noojin, Clarence Cain, Cynthia Toth

Proceedings Volume 2974, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.275228

KEYWORDS: Eye, Information operations, Pulsed laser operation, Laser damage threshold, Ultrafast phenomena, Wave propagation, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Retina, Femtosecond phenomena, Laser safety

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SPIE Journal Paper | 2 January 1997 Open Access

Open Access

Artificial eye for in vitro experiments of laser light interaction with aqueous media

Clarence Cain, Gary Noojin, Daniel Hammer, Robert Thomas, Benjamin Rockwell

JBO, Vol. 2, Issue 01, (January 1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/12.261683

KEYWORDS: Eye, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Dispersion, Laser damage threshold, Plasma, Laser scattering, Supercontinuum generation, Pulsed laser operation, In vivo imaging, Retina

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Proceedings Article | 17 May 1996 Paper

Paper

Integrated computer-aided retinal photocoagulation system

Steven Barrett, Cameron Wright, Erik Oberg, Benjamin Rockwell, Clarence Cain, Maya Jerath, Henry Rylander, Ashley Welch

Proceedings Volume 2673, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.240060

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Argon ion lasers, System integration, Retina, Computing systems, Cameras, Laser coagulation, Pulsed laser operation, Control systems, CCD cameras

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Proceedings Article | 7 May 1996 Paper

Paper

Effects of laser-induced breakdown, self-focusing, and plasma shielding on ultrashort-pulse propagation in the eye

Paul Kennedy, Ewan Wright, Quanyuan Feng, Kirk Cook, Daniel Hammer, Charles Thompson, Jerome Moloney, Benjamin Rockwell, Jeffrey Druessel, Alan Newell

Proceedings Volume 2681, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.239600

KEYWORDS: Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Plasma, Eye, Eye models, Ionization, Numerical simulations, Dispersion, Ultrafast phenomena, Vitreous, Data modeling

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Proceedings Article | 7 May 1996 Paper

Paper

Subnanosecond single laser pulse minimum-visible-lesion studies in the near infrared

William Roach, Cheryl DiCarlo, Gary Noojin, David Stolarski, Rodney Amnotte, Val Caruthers, Benjamin Rockwell, Clarence Cain

Proceedings Volume 2681, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.239597

KEYWORDS: Picosecond phenomena, Pulsed laser operation, Near infrared, Visible radiation, Standards development, Laser safety, Retina, Photography, Laser systems engineering, Laser damage threshold

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Proceedings Article | 7 May 1996 Paper

Paper

Histopathology of ultrashort-laser-pulse retinal damage

Cynthia Toth, Drew Narayan, Catherine Osborne, Benjamin Rockwell, Cindy Stein, Rodney Amnotte, Cheryl DiCarlo, William Roach, Gary Noojin, Clarence Cain

Proceedings Volume 2681, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.239598

KEYWORDS: Laser tissue interaction, Picosecond phenomena, Retina, Laser energy, Ultrafast phenomena, Pulsed laser operation, Eye, Laser safety, Blood, Vitreous

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Proceedings Article | 7 May 1996 Paper

Paper

Time-resolved spectroscopy of laser-induced breakdown in water

Robert Thomas, Daniel Hammer, Gary Noojin, David Stolarski, Benjamin Rockwell, William Roach

Proceedings Volume 2681, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.239601

KEYWORDS: Plasma, Pulsed laser operation, Laser induced damage, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Spectrographs, Streak cameras, Laser scattering, Time resolved spectroscopy, Picosecond phenomena, Laser energy

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Proceedings Article | 7 May 1996 Paper

Paper

Interferometric measurement of index of refraction as a function of wavelength in ocular media

David Stolarski, Gary Noojin, Robert Thomas, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 2681, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.239609

KEYWORDS: Refraction, Refractive index, Laser safety, Beam splitters, Interferometers, Ferroelectric materials, Water, Eye, Sensors, Dispersion

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Proceedings Article | 7 May 1996 Paper

Paper

Shock wave and cavitation bubble measurements of ultrashort-pulse laser-induced breakdown in water

Daniel Hammer, Robert Thomas, Martin Frenz, E. Duco Jansen, Gary Noojin, Sarah Diggs, Joachim Noack, Alfred Vogel, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 2681, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.239605

KEYWORDS: Cavitation, Picosecond phenomena, Plasma, Pulsed laser operation, Spatial filters, Laser energy, Laser induced damage, Sensors, Spherical lenses, Ultrafast phenomena

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Proceedings Article | 7 May 1996 Paper

Paper

In-vivo laser-induced bubbles in the primate eye with femtosecond pulses

Clarence Cain, Cheryl DiCarlo, Gary Noojin, Rodney Amnotte, Benjamin Rockwell, William Roach

Proceedings Volume 2681, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.239599

KEYWORDS: Eye, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Retina, Video, Femtosecond phenomena, Vitreous, In vivo imaging, Eye models, Laser damage threshold, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 22 May 1995 Paper

Paper

First-order model for computation of laser-induced breakdown thresholds in condensed media

Paul Kennedy, Stephen Boppart, Daniel Hammer, Benjamin Rockwell, Gary Noojin, William Roach

Proceedings Volume 2391, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.209922

KEYWORDS: Ionization, Electrons, Eye models, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Solid modeling, Laser damage threshold, Plasma, Laser induced damage, Liquids, Polonium

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Proceedings Article | 22 May 1995 Paper

Paper

Ultrashort pulse laser induced bubble creation thresholds in ocular media

Daniel Hammer, Robert Thomas, Gary Noojin, Benjamin Rockwell, Alfred Vogel

Proceedings Volume 2391, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.209903

KEYWORDS: Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Plasma, Monochromatic aberrations, Picosecond phenomena, Electrons, Pulsed laser operation, Interfaces, Cavitation, Ultrafast phenomena, Ionization

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Proceedings Article | 22 May 1995 Paper

Paper

Effect of nonlinear optical phenomena on retinal damage

Benjamin Rockwell, Paul Kennedy, Robert Thomas, William Roach, Mark Rogers

Proceedings Volume 2391, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.209944

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Retina, Pulsed laser operation, Laser scattering, Information operations, Scattering, Laser induced damage, Laser damage threshold, Supercontinuum generation, Picosecond phenomena

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Proceedings Article | 22 May 1995 Paper

Paper

Integrated light spectroscopy of laser-induced breakdown in aqueous media

David Stolarski, Jennifer Hardman, Craig Bramlette, Gary Noojin, Robert Thomas, Benjamin Rockwell, William Roach

Proceedings Volume 2391, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.209873

KEYWORDS: Plasmas, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Picosecond phenomena, Pulsed laser operation, Spectroscopy, Black bodies, Laser energy, Laser induced damage, Spectrographs, Liquids

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Proceedings Article | 17 August 1994 Paper

Paper

Determination of self-focusing effects for light propagating in the eye

Benjamin Rockwell, William Roach, Mark Rogers

Proceedings Volume 2134, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.182921

KEYWORDS: Eye, Retina, Ultrafast phenomena, Laser beam propagation, Matrices, Refractive index, Diffraction, Picosecond phenomena, Femtosecond phenomena, Laser damage threshold

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Proceedings Article | 17 August 1994 Paper

Paper

Femtosecond laser threshold: retinal damage versus induced breakdown mechanisms

Clarence Cain, Cynthia Toth, Cindy Stein, Gary Noojin, David Stolarski, Benjamin Rockwell, Stephen Boppart, William Roach

Proceedings Volume 2134, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.182940

KEYWORDS: Eye, Femtosecond phenomena, Laser damage threshold, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Vitreous, Water, Laser induced damage

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Proceedings Article | 17 August 1994 Paper

Paper

Retinal hemorrhagic lesions from femtosecond visible laser pulses

Cindy Stein, Cynthia Toth, Clarence Cain, Gary Noojin, David Stolarski, Benjamin Rockwell, William Roach

Proceedings Volume 2134, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.182946

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Femtosecond phenomena, Eye, In vivo imaging, Eye models

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Proceedings Article | 7 July 1993 Paper

Paper

Shielding effectiveness of femtosecond laser-induced plasmas in ultrapure water

Stephen Boppart, C. Toth, William Roach, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 1882, (1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.147675

KEYWORDS: Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Plasmas, Pulsed laser operation, Picosecond phenomena, Femtosecond phenomena, Retina, Eye, Laser tissue interaction, Amplifiers, Sensors

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Showing 5 of 130 publications

Conference Committee Involvement (2)

Laser Interaction with Tissue and Cells XV

26 January 2004 | San Jose, CA, United States

Laser and Noncoherent Light Ocular Effects: Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment

26 January 2003 | San Jose, CA, United States

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