Dangerous materials present in factories and military combat locations, can cause negative effects to the human body and can be life threatening. Due to this, a portable, easily maintained, and robust sensor is required to detect CWA’s, TIC’s, and TIM’s. We present a method to grow MOFs on quartz crystal microbalances (QCM’s) for sensitive, selective detection of CWA’s. Our next step is to test the sensitivity and selectivity of the MOF to dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) when under varying environmental conditions.
Elucidating the role of calcium fluctuations at the cellular level is essential to gain insight into more complex
signaling and metabolic activity within tissues. Recent developments in optical monitoring of calcium transients
suggest that cells integrate and transmit information through large networks. Thus, monitoring calcium transients in
these populations is important for identifying normal and pathological states of a variety of systems. Though optical
techniques can be used to image calcium fluxes using fluorescent probes, depth penetration limits the information
that can be acquired from tissues in vivo. Alternatively, the calcium-sensitive dye arsenazo III is useful for optical
techniques that rely on absorption of light rather than fluorescence for image contrast. We report on the use of
arsenazo III for detection of calcium using photoacoustics, a deeply penetrating imaging technique in which an
ultrasound signal is generated following localized absorption of light. The absorbance properties of the dye in the
presence of calcium were measured directly using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. For photoacoustic studies, a phantom
was constructed to monitor the change in absorbance of 25 μM arsenazo III at 680 nm in the presence of calcium.
Subsequent results demonstrated a linear increase in photoacoustic signal as calcium in the range of 1 - 20 μM
complexed with the dye, followed by saturation of the signal as increasing amounts of calcium were added. For
delivery of the dye to tissue preparations, a liposomal carrier was fabricated and characterized. This work
demonstrates the feasibility of using arsenazo III for photoacoustic monitoring of calcium transients in vivo.
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