The discoveries of main belt comets (MBC) in early twentieth century have attracted great interests of the planetary society, as the water ice and other volatile rich MBCs are located in the main belt and thus may have played a fundamental role in supplying waters to the early Earth. Therefore, MBCs are very interesting and important candidate objects for near future deep space exploration missions. We first summarize the scientific objectives of visible and infrared spectrometers for a flyby mission. Then we propose the major technical specifications for the spectrometers, based on the optical and thermal properties of one of the major targets, 133P/Elst-Pizarro. Our proposed spectral coverage is from 0.4 to 50 μm, which is realized by two spectrometers covering 0.4-5 μm and 5-50 μm, respectively. Visible and infrared imaging spectrometer (VIIS) is a grating spectrometer covering 0.4 to 5 μm with a spectral resolution of 5 nm in the VIS/NIR band and 10 nm in the SWIR/MWIR band. The spatial resolution of the VIIS is 0.5 m at an observational distance of 5 km. The signal to noise ratio of the spectrometer is better than 100 using cryogenic optics technology. Thermal emission spectrometer (TES) is a time modulated Fourier transform spectrometer which covers5-50 μmby one single interferometer. The spectral resolution of TES is 8 cm-1. The spatial resolution of TES is 10 m at an observational distance of 5 km.
A portable device of image fusion system of infrared and visible light image is designed. The device is composed of image collecting, process and display part. Image collecting part includes an uncooled infrared bolometer and a CCD camera. The response wavelength of uncooled infrared bolometer is 8-14μm and that of CCD is 0.2~1.1μm. Image process part is a complex structure composed of DSP642, TVP5150, SAA7121H, SDRAM storage and other electronic components, while displaying part is computer or LCD. The focus length of uncooled infrared bolometer is 50mm and that of CCD is 8~50mm to match bolometer. The optical axises of them are rectified to parallel carefully. A multi-dimensional mechanical structure is designed specially to fit for the uncooled infrared bolometer and CCD camera, so as to modify the parallel of axises. The rectifying is carried under an optical system of 3 meter focus length, the resolution angle is 0.05mrad. Images of bolometer and CCD are decoded in the input circuit of TVP5150 and form the digital signal of BT.656, then the decoded videos are transferred to DSP642 circuit. Here the images of bolometer and CCD are fused under the weighted average algorithm, the output image is encoded to PAL format in order to keep the real time response, the complex fusing algorithm such as Laplace pyramid or wavelet isn’t implanted in the DSP642 at present. Theoretically the fused image includes more information than single infrared or CCD image, in order to verify the fusing result, a group of experiments are carried to detect man behind bush. By comparing three images of infrared, visible, fusing images, a primary conclusion is obtained that the weight coefficient will influence the fusing effect in different circumstances.
A key challenge when imaging whole biomedical specimens is how to quickly obtain massive cellular information over a large field of view (FOV). We report a subvoxel light-sheet microscopy (SLSM) method enabling high-throughput volumetric imaging of mesoscale specimens at cellular resolution. A nonaxial, continuous scanning strategy is developed to rapidly acquire a stack of large-FOV images with three-dimensional (3-D) nanoscale shifts encoded. Then, by adopting a subvoxel-resolving procedure, the SLSM method models these low-resolution, cross-correlated images in the spatial domain and can iteratively recover a 3-D image with improved resolution throughout the sample. This technique can surpass the optical limit of a conventional light-sheet microscope by more than three times, with high acquisition speeds of gigavoxels per minute. By fast reconstruction of 3-D cultured cells, intact organs, and live embryos, SLSM method presents a convenient way to circumvent the trade-off between mapping large-scale tissue (>100 mm3) and observing single cell (∼1-μm resolution). It also eliminates the need of complicated mechanical stitching or modulated illumination, using a simple light-sheet setup and fast graphics processing unit-based computation to achieve high-throughput, high-resolution 3-D microscopy, which could be tailored for a wide range of biomedical applications in pathology, histology, neuroscience, etc.
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