Applying multi-protocol label switching techniques to IP-based backbone for traffic engineering goals has shown advantageous. Obtaining a volume of load on each internal link of the network is crucial for traffic engineering applying. Though collecting can be available for each link, such as applying traditional SNMP scheme, the approach may cause heavy processing load and sharply degrade the throughput of the core routers. Then monitoring merely at the edge of the network and mapping the measurements onto the core provides a good alternative way. In this paper, we explore a scheme for traffic mapping with edge-based measurements in MPLS network. It is supposed that the volume of traffic on each internal link over the domain would be mapped onto by measurements available only at ingress nodes. We apply path-based measurements at ingress nodes without enabling measurements in the core of the network. We propose a method that can infer a path from the ingress to the egress node using label distribution protocol without collecting routing data from core routers. Based on flow theory and queuing theory, we prove that our approach is effective and present the algorithm for traffic mapping. We also show performance simulation results that indicate potential of our approach.
A multi-hop temporary autonomous system of mobile nodes with wireless transmitters and receivers without the aid of preestablished network infrastructure is self-organized network. In such an environment, it may be necessary for one mobile node, in order to communicate with another node, to depend on a chain of intermediate nodes forwarding packets, due to the limited propagation range of each mobile node. Conventional routing protocols can not adapt well to such an environment. This paper proposes a distributed adaptive routing protocol for finding and maintaining the routes, which is most likely to meet QoS requirements, based on the two characteristics: average error bits rate and living time.
Keywords Link State ,QoS routing, Self-Organized Network.
In this paper, a novel color-encoder which has dual functions of a beamsplitter and a beamshaper is proposed. This encoder could acquire very good uniformity of light field with high diffractive efficiency. An algorithm which combining tracing algorithm, G-S algorithm and Y-G algorithm is used to design this encoder, the result by computer simulation calculation shows: the diffraction efficiency is up to 93.3%, non-uniformity is less than 0.01%. And a new approach to encode and make a phase element by using color- printer techniques is proposed in this paper as well.
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