We have demonstrated a Ti∶LiNbO 3 electro-optic electric-field sensor based on 1×2 directional optical waveguide coupler. The symmetric geometry of the 1×2 directional coupler provided the sensor with unique characteristics of intrinsic 3-dB operating point and two complementary outputs. A DC switching voltage of ∼12 V and an extinction ratio of ∼8.1 dB were observed with the coupler at a wavelength of 1.3 μm. The minimum detectable electric fields are ∼0.99 and ∼1.67 V/m corresponding to a dynamic range of ∼29.5 and ∼25 dB at frequencies of 20 and 50 MHz, respectively. The sensors exhibit almost linear response for the applied electric-field intensity from 0.29 to 29.8 V/m .
We propose and demonstrate a novel polarization- and wavelength-independent digital electro-optic switch in Ti:LiNbO3 with switching voltages of ±32 at 1.55 µm wavelength. This 2×2 integrated optic switch is characterized by a steplike response to the applied voltage. Switching is achieved through adiabatic mode evolution in an asymmetric waveguide junction. An average insertion loss of ~4.5 dB and polarization-independent switching with average cross talk of −12 dB are achieved. The demonstration of 1×4 polarization-independent switches with digital optical switch elements is eventually reported.
The implementation of optimum Hamming apodized acousto-optic 2×2 add/drop multiplexers using SiO2 film-loaded surface acoustic waveguides with angular offset to a Ti:LiNbO3 waveguide is presented. The sidelobe suppression and 3-dB optical bandwidth for a 20-mm interaction length and 32-mW rf drive power are 19 dB and 1.5 nm, respectively. A tuning rate of –8.1 nm/MHz and fiber-to-fiber insertion loss <7.0 dB is obtained.
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