Nucleic acid self-assembly is a nanofabrication technology that exists at the intersection between conventional silicon fabrication, enzymes, small molecule synthesis, and polymer manufacturing. While it cannot compete directly with any one of these incumbent technologies, its combination of attributes is unique and opens up space for a host of novel applications. We discuss its strengths, limitations, and applications.
Fabrication via self-assembly has been explored for its potential to overcome the challenges of feature size/density and stochastic variability facing conventional lithographic approaches. While methods such as diblock-copolymer directed self-assembly have trouble meeting defectivity and edge-placement specifications, techniques such as atomic layer deposition and self-aligned sidewall-spacer methods are standard. Using DNA origami as an example, I will discuss the conditions for simple systems to form low-defectivity structures, and the potential for self-assembling systems to create complex, hierarchical nanostructures, and their inherent limitation. I will comment on choosing the right applications for the initial introduction of bottom-up fabrication methods.
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