GHRP-2, also known as Pralmorelin, is a synthetic peptide drug. It acts as ghrelin/growth-hormone secretagogue receptor agonist, being the first drug of this class introduced clinically. It's used, in a single dose formulation, as a diagnostic agent for growth hormone deficiency (GHD). Administration of GHRP-2 increases the plasmatic concentration of growth hormone. It was clinically tested for tratment of GHD and pituitary dwarfism. GHRP-2 has performance enhancing potential and is prohibited for athletes in section S2: Peptide Hormones, Growth Factors, Related Substances, And Mimetics of WADA (World Antidoping Agency) Prohibited List. In this work we developed and validated a screening method for GHRP-2 and it's two metabolites from urine on LC-HRMS (liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry)(Q Exactive Plus from Thermo Scientific) and LC-MS/MS triple quadrupole (liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry) (ABSciex QTrap 5500). The validation parameters evaluated were limit of detection, matrix effects, identification criteria, specificity, carry-over and extraction recovery. the evaluated parameters are in accordance with WADA technical documents, both methods being applicable for doping control application.
The increase in the number of cases of breast cancer required the development of new pharmaceutical formulas, letrozole being one of the drugs used for this purpose. Treatment with this drug requires detection and monitoring of these substances1. In the doping control of athletes, letrozole is a forbidden substance. Letrozole is included in the Prohibited List of World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) at the Sections Hormone and Metabolic modulators, Aromatase inhibitors, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and other anti-estrogenic substances2,3. For the analysis of these compounds, the technique of choice is the liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry technique (LC-MS/MS). Due to the metabolism of the substance, it is required the analysis of both the compound and the metabolite bis-(4- cyanophenyl)methanol by LC-MS/MS. In the WADA Technical Document TD2018MRPL, the Minimum Required Performance Levels for Detection and Identification of Non-threshold Substances (MRPL) for anti-estrogenic substances is 20 ng/mL2,4. This paper discloses the optimization of the LC-MS/MS detection parameters of letrozol and letrozol metabolite.
This article highlights using liquid chromatography and the MRM method [1], the presence of fentanyl and norfentanyl [2] in a biological sample, in this case urine. In the method you can see the presence of each segment in the ion of the substance, obtained by ElectroSpray ionization [1], for which the confirmation is desired. The time of acquisition and the potential collision used to obtain it are specified.
The MRM method is performed with a varying concentration gradient of between 10% and 65% [3] over a 9 minute acquisition time at a constant flow rate of 0.3 ml / minute. The gradient increases from 10% to 40% in the first two minutes, then increases from 40% to 65% over the next 3 minutes. The 65% concentration remains for the next 4 minutes.
Polysaccharide-based plasma volume expanders (PVEs) such as hydroxyethyl starch (HES) is on Prohibited List of World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) because it can prevent dehydration and reduce haematocrit values to mask erythropoietin abuse. The aim of this study is to establish time consuming and reliable methods for doping control screening and confirmation of HES in urine samples. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with the same column: 5μm Zorbax SB-C18 was used for detection and confirmation without further sample preparation. The method was validated for the parameters: specificity and matrix effect, limit of detection (250μg/mL), identification capability, carryover, robustness. The results of the both method were found to be suitable for the detection and confirmation of hydroxyethylstarch.
Establishing an optoelectronic method for the determination of synthetic cannabinoids and their metabolites is necessary because synthetic cannabinoids are a group of psychoactive compounds designed to mimic the effects of marijuana. These compounds are usually sprayed on natural plants in order to be smoked. Several synthetic cannabinoids can be found on these smoked plants simultaneously. Their effective dose is lower than that of natural marijuana but with high psychoactive potency [1]. Due to their high potential for abuse and availability, these compounds are considered to be narcotic drugs. Thus, there has been an increased demand for the development of sensitive, reliable, robust and sustainable analytical methods for the identification and quantification of these compounds by clinical, forensic and toxicological laboratories [2].
The method presented in the paper will be based on liquid chromatography with a mass spectrometer detector (LCMS/ MS). The paper aims to obtain, using the developed method, the mass spectra of synthetic cannabinoids and their metabolites. The mass spectrum represents the relative abundance of ions resulting from an ionization process of a family of molecules. This is a unique feature for each compound, which allows identification of a substance from a matrix of unknown substances [3].
Meldonium is an anti-ischemia drug developed in 1970 by Ivars Kalvins at the USSR Latvia Institute of organic synthesis. Meldonium is reportedly capable of providing clinical benefit for those suffering from heart conditions, such as low blood flow to the heart and angina, as well as neurodegenerative disorders and bronchopulmonary diseases. It appears that the medical utility of meldonium derives mostly from its ability to modulate cellular energy metabolism1. This may be due to the drug lowering the consumption of fatty acids, while increasing utilization of carbohydrates for the production of energy. In short, meldonium is advertised as an energy-efficiency catalyst. Since 1 January 2016, it has been on the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) list of substances banned from use by athletes. In this work a screening and a confirmation method for Meldonium from urine were developed and validated on LC-MS/MS triple quadrupole (liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry ) (ABSciex QTrap 5500). The validation parameters evaluated were limit of detection, matrix effects, identification criteria, specificity, carry-over and extraction recovery. The evaluated parameters are in accordance with WADA technical documents, both methods being applicable for doping control application.
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