A simple, compact, and inexpensive tunable volume holographic imaging spectrometer is presented to acquire narrowband multispectral fluorescence measurements. It is constructed with three simple achromatic lenses, a transmission volume hologram, and a detector array. Experiments are carried out to evaluate the performance of this spectrometer. The experimental results indicate that the tunable spectrometer can operate at a wavelength range from 400 to 700 nm. Additionally, this spectrometer can provide a lateral field-of-view greater than 33 mm and a spatial resolution of 1.0 mm under narrow band illumination (full-width-half-maximum bandwidth 20 nm). Multispectral fluorescence molecular tomography experiments are conducted with this spectrometer to test the applicability of narrowband multispectral macroscopy.
Dynamic fluorescence molecular tomography (DFMT) is a valuable method to evaluate the metabolic process of contrast agents in different organs in vivo, and direct reconstruction methods can improve the temporal resolution of DFMT. However, challenges still remain due to the large time consumption of the direct reconstruction methods. An acceleration strategy using graphics processing units (GPU) is presented. The procedure of conjugate gradient optimization in the direct reconstruction method is programmed using the compute unified device architecture and then accelerated on GPU. Numerical simulations and in vivo experiments are performed to validate the feasibility of the strategy. The results demonstrate that, compared with the traditional method, the proposed strategy can reduce the time consumption by ∼90% without a degradation of quality.
A simultaneous multispectral fluorescence imaging system incorporating multiplexed volume holographic grating (VHG) is developed to acquire multispectral images of an object in one shot. With the multiplexed VHG, the imaging system can provide the distribution and spectral characteristics of multiple fluorophores in the scene. The implementation and performance of the simultaneous multispectral imaging system are presented. Further, the system’s capability in simultaneously obtaining multispectral fluorescence measurements is demonstrated with in vivo experiments on a mouse. The demonstrated imaging system has the potential to obtain multispectral images fluorescence simultaneously.
Fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) can visualize biological activities at cellular and molecular levels in vivo, and has been extensively used in drug delivery and tumor detection research of small animals. The ill-posedness of the FMT inverse problem makes it difficult to reconstruct and resolve multiple adjacent fluorescent targets that have different functional features but are labeled with the same fluorochrome. An algorithm based on independent component analysis (ICA) for multispectral excited FMT is proposed to resolve multiple fluorescent targets in this study. Fluorescent targets are excited by multispectral excitation, and the three-dimensional distribution of fluorescent yields under the excitation spectrum is reconstructed by an iterative Tikhonov regularization algorithm. Subsequently, multiple fluorescent targets are resolved from mixed fluorescence signals by employing ICA. Simulations were performed and the results demonstrate that multiple adjacent fluorescent targets can be resolved if the number of excitation wavelengths is not smaller than that of fluorescent targets with different concentrations. The algorithm obtains both independent components that provide spatial information of different fluorescent targets and spectral courses that reflect variation trends of fluorescent yields along with the excitation spectrum. By using this method, it is possible to visualize the metabolism status of drugs in different structure organs, and quantitatively depict the variation trends of fluorescent yields of each functional organ under the excitation spectrum. This method may provide a pattern for tumor detection, drug delivery and treatment monitoring in vivo.
KEYWORDS: Reconstruction algorithms, Luminescence, Signal to noise ratio, Tomography, In vivo imaging, Fluorescence tomography, 3D acquisition, 3D image processing, 3D image reconstruction, Inverse problems
Fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) as a noninvasive imaging modality has been widely used for biomedical preclinical applications. However, FMT reconstruction suffers from severe ill-posedness, especially when a limited number of projections are used. In order to improve the quality of FMT reconstruction results, a discrete cosine transform (DCT) based reweighted L1-norm regularization algorithm is proposed. In each iteration of the reconstruction process, different reweighted regularization parameters are adaptively assigned according to the values of DCT coefficients to suppress the reconstruction noise. In addition, the permission region of the reconstructed fluorophores is adaptively constructed to increase the convergence speed. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, physical phantom and in vivo mouse experiments with a limited number of projections are carried out. For comparison, different L1-norm regularization strategies are employed. By quantifying the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the reconstruction results in the phantom and in vivo mouse experiments with four projections, the proposed DCT-based reweighted L1-norm regularization shows higher SNR than other L1-norm regularizations employed in this work.
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