We introduce a novel method for ultrafast selective multispectral terahertz (THz) spectroscopy, combining broadband THz pulses, Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS), and a Schottky diode energy sensor. Traditional THz spectroscopy is costly time-consuming and expert-operated. Our system answers to these challenges by not requiring to obtaining the time trace of the electric field of the THz signal thus essentially simplifying the system. Our system efficiently identifies samples by analyzing distinct spectral signatures. Experimental results demonstrate the method's ability to distinguish samples with similar THz absorption coefficients and refractive indices, even without clear fingerprint features. Validation on paper samples with closely matched THz properties confirmed successful differentiation through data averaging and normalization. We also applied k-fold cross-validation with a neural network for multi-class classification, achieving a training accuracy of 94.5% and an average testing accuracy of 94%. This approach offers robust real-time spectroscopic identification and potential for industrial applications and predictive modelling of THz signals.
Since the demonstration of Davis et al. in 1996, femtosecond laser direct inscription emerged as a powerful tool for the fabrication of three-dimensional photonic circuits. Even today, the performance of calculations based on the volume density of components would greatly benefit from the 3D capability of fs-laser inscription. Although several advanced 3D devices such as photonic quantum circuits and lab-on-a-chip were successfully fabricated, compactness is still limited by the minimum achievable waveguide bend radius. Another growing interest is the laser inscription in materials with transmission up to the mid- and long-wave infrared for applications such as micro-organism detection, environmental monitoring, medical diagnostic and optical communication in the second atmospheric window at 8–12 microns. In this spectral band, materials that can be drawn into fiber optics, such as fluoride and chalcogenide glasses, are expensive and fragile. On the other hand, laser inscription allows the fabrication of waveguides in virtually any material, even crystals, enabling new IR applications, especially for harsh environmental conditions. In this communication, we present our recent progress on these two topics. First, we demonstrate waveguide bend radii down to <400 µm, which is an important improvement over the minimum 10-mm radius reported previously. The high refractive index change allowing such tight bends is attributed to a femtosecond laser induced band gap shift (FLIBGS) in the material. We also report low loss depressed-cladding waveguide (DCW) in crystals for IR applications. We particularly demonstrate the challenging inscription of a large DCW for single-mode operation at 10.6 µm with propagation loss of <0.63 dB/cm. We also describe a technique using a cover slide with optical contact to inscribe waveguides at the bulk surface for refractometric sensing applications.
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