The temperature dependence of fluorescence in erbium-doped silica fiber between ~-30 and ~150°C is discussed.
980nm pumping configuration is used in our experiment. 1450nm and 1531nm wavelengths are chosen to calculate the
FIR (fluorescence intensity ratio) at the first time instead of the mostly used wavelengths 525nm and 550nm. It shows
that as the temperature increases, the fluorescence intensity increases obviously at short wavelengths but changes a little
at long wavelengths. The temperature coefficient can achieve ~0.023dB/°C, and its resolution is improved as the
temperature decreases. Because there are many effects in our experiments, so it shows a deviation from the behavior of
simulation.
A high concentration silica host Erbium Doped Fiber with Bismuth-Gallium-Aluminum co-doped was fabricated. The
absorption coefficient of this fiber was up to 19dB/m at the wavelength of 980nm and 42dB/m at 1530nm. Ring structure
lasers with different fiber lengths were presented. Their output characteristics were measured and analyzed.
The finite element method is applied for solving the modal field of erbium-doped hole-assisted lightguide fiber
(EDHALF). The modified average population inversion iteration method is proposed for simulating the gain coefficients
of EDHALF amplifiers. The relation between the structural parameters of EDHALFs and the gain coefficient of L band
EDHALF amplifiers is investigated by means of the finite element method combined with the modified average
population inversion method. Four structural parameters of EDHALF-core diameter, the refractive index difference
between the core and silica cladding, the relative hole-to-core spacing and the relative size of air holes are optimized in
terms of the design criteria of L band erbium-doped fiber, which take into account the cutoff wavelengths, the gain
coefficients of L band fiber amplifiers and the splice loss between the EDHALF and the conventional single-mode fiber.
At last, the comparisons between the EDHALF and the conventional erbium-doped fiber for L band applications are
made.
The impact of cascaded CFBGs delay ripple for dispersion compensation has been analyzed. The experimental results show that the overall penalty was proportional either to the number or to the square root of the number of CFBGs employed along the link. The delay ripple of the overall CFBGs fluctuates, and the overall CFBGs reflectivity was not simply additive but was related to the placement of the CFBG and line amplifier gain. For the first time, the experimental results of dispersion compensation for a 2-×10-Gb/s, 1000-km WDM system using self-made CFBGs with less than 1-dB power penalty for each channel have been achieved.
The design criteria of the Panda-type erbium-doped polarization-maintaining fiber (EDPMF) are presented, which take into account the cutoff wavelength, mode field diameter, modal birefringence and background loss. The structural parameters are optimized in terms of the design criteria. A Panda-type EDPMF has been manufactured. The fabrication process and the parameter control of the Panda-type EDPMF are in detail described. Its refractive index profile, birefringence and absorption spectra are experimentally investigated.
System performance degradation caused by group delay ripples of chirped fiber Bragg grating dispersion compensators is analyzed in detail with considerations for the ripple period, amplitude and phase offset. And the induced different kinds of signal distortions are also shown and explained.
Erbium-doped photonic crystal fiber (EDPCF) is not in the endless single-mode as the refractive index of the core in EDPCF is higher than that of silica cladding. There is a variation between the EDPCF and the conventional PCF. The modified average population inversion iteration method is proposed for simulating the gains and noises of EDPCF amplifiers. The effect of the structural parameters of EDPCF on the cutoff wavelengths, splice loss and the amplification properties is studied in detail by means of the improved average population iterative method combined with the finite element method. According to the design criteria of erbium-doped fiber, the four structural parameters of EDPCF-core radius, the refractive index difference between the core and silica cladding, the relative size of the core and the relative size of air holes are optimized.
Kanakidis et al presented several kinds of all-optical chaotic communication systems using two encoding techniques and various dispersion compensation maps [1]. It shows that the permitted transmission distances are different for various dispersion compensation maps and various encoding techniques. In order to explore the upper limits of the transmission distance, the parameters of the all-optical chaotic communication system introduced by D. Kanakidis et al. [1] is optimized using genetic algorithm. Some useful results are presented.
The effect of source wavelength instability on the performance of a system using chirped fiber Bragg gratings as dispersion compensators is numerically investigated, by which it's shown that source wavelength instability will surely induce an additional penalty for the system. And quantified relations of the EOP induced by group delay ripples and reflection ripples with the extent of wavelength instability is given.
Hole-assisted lightguide fiber (HALF) is a microstructured fiber composed of a high index core, a low index cladding and a small number of air holes surrounding the core. The characteristics of HALF are studied by using the full-vector finite element method. The contour lines of power flow intensity and transverse electric distributions are plotted for the fundamental mode and the first four higher order modes. The effect of the structural parameters, such as hole-to-core spacing and relative size of air holes to the cutoff wavelengths of fundamental mode and higher order mode, core power confinement factor, and mode field diameter is analyzed. Due to these holes, there are variations between HALF and conventional step-index fiber. It's found that when the distance between the air holes and core is shorter or the relative size of air holes becomes larger, the effect of air hole on the HALF turns greater: core power confinement factor becomes larger; mode diameter becomes smaller; the cutoff wavelengths of fundamental mode and higher order mode move to shorter wavelength. In terms of waveguide design, the structural parameters of erbium-doped HALF are optimized to obtain high-efficiency operation of a fiber laser or amplifier.
Bragg fibres have many special characteristics. Therefore this kind of fibre attracts more and more attention. In this paper, genetic algorithm is applied to design Bragg fibres to realise desired dipersion and attenuation characteristics.
The random deviation of the periodicity of the gratings will affect the performance of the fiber gratings. The random errors would not accumulate when the gratings were cascaded. But we found a kind of fabricating system errors induced by the method for the side writing of fiber gratings, which would accumulate when cascaded. So laser with the less pulse energy should be used to write the gratings to developing the system's performance.
Twin core erbium-doped fiber is fabricated using a combination of MCVD, solution doping and post processing technique. This paper mainly study the birefringence of twin-core Erbium doped fiber including geometrical and stress birefringence. First we analysis the mode distribution of twin core fiber and geometrical birefringence by supercell lattice orthogonal function method using the structure parameters measured. Then the geometrical birefringence also calculated from the couple theory. The calculated result showed that two elliptical cores would have higher geometrical birefringence than two circular cores. Generally the Er-doped fiber is high Germanium doped to keep high Numerical Aperture (NA), which cause high thermal expansion coefficient difference between the core and the cladding, and the stress birefringence is anisotropic. According the distribution of stress field, we calculated the stress birefringence in the area of assembling of light power, which approximate to 10-4. The investigation proved that twin core Erbium doped
fiber has high birefringence and good polarization maintaining characteristics.
Delay ripples of chirped fiber Bragg gratings (CFBGs), which a CFBG can compensate 200 km long optic fiber's dispersion, have been analyzed in detail. A numerical simulation of cascaded grating delay ripples has been done by Schroedinger equation and compared with experiment of 1,000 km transmission over G652 fiber by 5 groups of CFBGs dispersion compensation. The research shows that the system degradation depends on the delay ripple period, which is 0.01~0.1nm through a lot of experiments, and amplitude of delay ripple. We had experimentally studied fluctate of power penalty depend on ripple perod of CFBGs when source wavelength changed +/-20GHz around CFBGs center wavelength, the results of theory agree well with these of experiment.
When the long period fiber grating (LPG) is surrounded with dielectric material whose refractive index is higher than that of cladding, core mode to radiation mode coupling occurs. In this paper, a theoretical method to analyze the radiation-mode resonance in LPG is presented. The coupled-mode equations of LPG are derived based on Amnon Yariv’s coupled-mode theory. Here, the radiation-mode theory is used. The electric field of individual radiation mode is given based on the weakly guiding approximation of three-layer optical waveguide. The expansion of the total radiation modes, which is a Fourier-Bessel integral, is presented. It’s noted that the weight of the integral is not one. The normalization of the individual radiation mode is discussed in detail. It’s found that the normalization integral is
unbounded but changed to a Dirac function. Thus, it’s calculated only through theoretical derivation. The approximate numerical method to deal with the coupled-mode equations is presented. The transmission spectra of LPG, which are surrounded with several surrounding refractive indices, are numerically calculated.
Nonlinear chirped FBG(NLCFBG) is found to have the performance to compensate the dynamical nonlinear dispersion. In this paper, we investigate and compare, for the first time, the reflection spectrum and group delay of apodized nonlinear chirped fiber Bragg gratings which has raised much interest because of its reduced reflectivity
sidelobes in dynamical status. The dispersion characteristics of apodized, nonlinearly chirped fiber Bragg gratings and their potential as dispersion compensators have been studied systematically. It is shown that the super-Gaussian profile and Cones function result in an overall superior performance, as it provides highly quadratic group-delay characteristics in the dispersion-slope compensation.
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