The splitting of a fundamental vortex beam into four separate beams is theoretically and experimentally described for the
propagation of light through a uniaxial crystal. This novel phenomenon opens new opportunities for higher order the
entanglement of and correlation of photons.
We consider experimentally the evolution of polarization singularities in singular beams transmitting at some angle
to the optical axis of the LiNb03 crystals. We focused our attention on the processes of birth and annihilation of coupled
singularities and compared them with those in a computer-simulation experiment. The conditions of the unfolding of the
polarization singularities were brought to light. A number of difficulties arising in the course of the experiment are
discussed.
The new method for measuring the eigen mode "weights" in a radiation emitted from a weakly guiding optical fiber with a strong birefringence is discussed. The method is based on the detection of geometrical parameters of the diffractive pattern of the field after the optical fiber. The mode "weights" are plotted as a function of the fiber excitation parameters. The analysis showed a good agreement between the theoretical results and the experimental data.
In the article we present a computer simulation and experimental data of excitation coefficients of fiber eigen modes. As
experimental samples we chose two types of weakly guiding fibers: isotropic and highly birefringent ones with a round
cross-section. Calculation of the mode weights is accomplished by means of a geometrical analysis of a beam image
structure behind the fiber. In particular, we employed geometrical properties of intensity-level-lines near a fiber core.
Such approach enabled us to estimate mode weights as well different mode groups as separate modes inside the group.
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