Photonic solvers capable of finding the ground states of various spin Hamiltonians can be employed to investigate numerous interactive physical systems and combinatorial optimization problems. We introduce a novel photonic solver that leverages spin Hamiltonians within the framework of Modulated Momenta of Light. We establish a real-and-momentum space correspondence for spin Hamiltonians using spatial light transport. The real-space spin interaction is determined by modulating the momentum-space flow of light. This principle, formulated as a generalized Plancherel theorem, enables us to construct a straightforward optical simulator capable of finding ground states for displacement-dependent spin interactions. In our experiments, we apply this principle to unveil the exotic magnetic phase diagram of iron chalcogenides, a family of iron-based superconductors, and we also observe vortex-mediated Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless dynamics. The precision achieved by momentum modulation in controlling spin interactions holds promise for exploring novel physical effects and solving complex optimization problems.
We construct a synthetic two-dimensional spatial-frequency space in one-dimensional modulated waveguide arrays, where topologically protected one-way transmission along the spatial boundary and Bloch oscillation along the frequency dimension are achieved.
In this talk, I will discuss the recent advances in exploring novel photonics with the construction of synthetic frequency dimension through the electro-optic modulation, where light can be manipulated in linear and nonlinear ways. In particular, I will discuss the way to construct a one-dimensional Lieb lattice and explore the transition between flat and non-flat bands in the synthetic space. Our work shows a significant step towards constructions of more complicated lattices in multiple rings. Moreover, I will propose a unique method to explore the topological non-equilibrium dynamics and capture the topological invariant with information only in the time dimension, by building an effective spin model in multiple rings associated with synthetic frequency dimensions. Finally, I will talk about the opportunity for studying nonlinear effects in the synthetic space, once the four-wave mixing process is considered.
Constructions of synthetic lattices in modulated ring resonators attract growing attention to interesting physics beyond the geometric dimensionality, where complicated connectivities between resonant frequency modes are explored in many theoretical proposals. We implement experimental demonstration of generating a stub lattice along the frequency axis of light, in two coupled ring resonators of different lengths, with the longer one dynamically modulated. Such a synthetic photonic structure intrinsically exhibits the physics of flat band. We show that the time-resolved band structure read-out from the drop-port output of the excited ring is the intensity projection of the band structure onto a specific resonant mode in the synthetic momentum space, where gapped flat band, mode localization effect, and flat-to-nonflat band transition are observed in experiments and verified by simulations. This work provides evidence for constructing a synthetic stub lattice using two different rings, which, hence, makes a solid step toward experimentally constructing complicated lattices in multiple rings associated with synthetic frequency dimensions.
We report a novel approach to coherent anti-Stokes spectroscopy based on multiple overtone resonances in both theory and experiment. A pump laser with the tunable wavelength at the near infrared range is used to excite the inner-band vibrational transition of the C-H stretching vibrations, commonly corresponding to biological molecules. Strong coherent signals with higher chemical specificity are observed in experiments. Our work points to a new route for applying resonantly enhanced nonlinear optical spectroscopy in the deeper tissue optical imaging with near infrared lasers, which is important for various biomedical applications.
We discuss novel electromagnetic effects in topological metamaterial and in complex birefringent meta material. In particular, we discuss the creation of novel topology using meta-material geometry., We also discuss three-dimensional meta-materials with balanced gain and loss for the purpose of achieving arbitrary control of a pair of polarization states.
New approaches for generating coherent light are of great interest due to the increasing demand for unique sources tailored to specific applications. In fields like microscopy, remote sensing, and soft X-ray/XUV lasers this interest is especially pronounced, as novel laser sources would have a profound impact on those technologies. Here, we evaluate the possibility for generating coherent light by inducing collective coherence in the gain medium.
We study the ring resonator under a dynamic modulation. Each ring resonator supports a set of resonant modes with an equal spacing. We find that the system exhibits a spectral Bloch oscillation along the frequency axis when we introduce a frequency detuning in the modulation frequency. A periodic switching of the detuning brings out a unidirectional translation of the frequency of light. Moreover, in an array of rings, each of which is dynamically modulated with a different phase, we see topologically-protected edge states. Our work points to a new capability for the control of light in the frequency space.
We show that dynamic refractive index modulation provides a route towards non-reciprocal topological photonics. In particular, the phase of the modulation provides an effective gauge field for photons that breaks time-reversal symmetry, and can be used to create a wide range of topological effects, in both real space as well as in spaces that involve a synthetic frequency dimension. These topological effects are pointing to new capabilities for controlling the properties of light.
Anderson localization, also known as strong localization, is the absence of diffusion in turbid media resulting from wave interference. The effect was originally predicted for electron motion, and is widely known to exist in systems of less than 3 dimensions. However, Anderson localization of optical photons in 3 dimensional systems remains an elusive and controversial topic. Random Raman lasing offers the unique combination of large gain and virtually zero absorption. The lack of absorption makes long path length, localized modes preferred. The presence of gain offsets what little absorption is present, and preferentially amplifies localized modes due to their large Q factors compared with typical low Q modes present in complex media. Random Raman lasers exhibit several experimentally measured properties that diverge from classical, particle-like, diffusion. First, the temporal width of the emission being 1 to a few nanoseconds in duration when it is pumped with a 50 ps laser is a full order of magnitude longer than is predicted by Monte Carlo simulations. Second, the random Raman laser emission is highly multi-mode, consisting of hundreds of simultaneous lasing modes. This is in contrast to early theoretical results and back of the envelope arguments that both suggest that only a few modes should be present. We will present the evidence that suggests a divergence from classical diffusion theory. One likely explanation, that is consistent with all of these anomalies, is the presence of high-Q localized modes consistent with Anderson localization.
We study a problem of achieving three-dimensional dynamic localization of light in a dynamically-modulated resonator lattice. An effective gauge potential for photons has been previously shown to exhibit in such lattice. Dynamic localization of light can be achieved by varying the effective gauge potential sinusoidally in time. Furthermore, the rotating wave approximation was used in previous works on such effective gauge potential for photons. Here, we find that the effect of dynamic localization persists even in the regime where the counter-rotating term has to be taken into count.
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