This Field Guide provides an overview of the basic principles of solid state physics, focusing on the practical aspects and device applications. Topics include crystal structures and dynamics, band structures, quantum structures, semiconductors, superconductors, and magnetism. Essential equations and simple diagrams efficiently convey the concepts that form the core of this field.
We report on possible consequences of alloying of GaAs with GaBi or InBi on band structure and material gain of quantum wells. Typical considered structure consists of 8nm wide GaAsBi quantum well on GaAs substrate. Our analysis is performed using 8-band and 14-band kp models. The obtained results indicate that for GaInAsBi/InP quantum well with 5% of Bi it might be possible to achieve emission wavelengths around 4 μm .
Spoof plasmons are bound electromagnetic waves (EM) at frequencies outside the plasmonic range mimicking (“spoofing”) surface plasmons (SPs), which propagate on periodically corrugated metal surfaces. In recent years, electromagnetic waves propagating at an interface between a metal and dielectric have been of significant interest. Although most plasmonic research so far has focused on the near-infrared and optical ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum (where noble metals support highly confined surface waves), there exists an increasing interest in transferring SPs-based photonics to lower frequencies. However, in these spectral ranges, noble metals behave like perfect electric conductors, whose surface charges are able to screen any external EM excitation with extreme efficiency, preventing the formation of a tightly bound SP. It has been shown that the binding of EM fields to a metal surface can be increased by its corrugation. A surface of a metal perforated with a one-dimensional periodic array of rectangular grooves has already been considered. The question that remains open is the calculation of the effective permittivities for arbitrary grooves. The number of works describing the calculation of the effective dielectric constants for the grooved surfaces is limited. Here we have obtained an analytical dispersion relation of spoof plasmons on an arbitrary perforated surface of a real metal. We have derived analytical expressions for calculation of the permittivities of arbitrary grooves. Based on those results we have determined the minimum spot size for a triangular groove structure.
We analyzed two approaches to calculate band structure and optical gain in GaInNAs/GaAs quantum well structures
based on 10-band and 8-band kp models. The obtained results are discussed in the context of importance of conduction
band nonparabolicity. We also briefly report on the influence of hydrostatic pressure on optical gain in this system.
We analyzed effective masses for InyGa1-yAs1-xNx/GaAs quantum-well structures within self-consistent approach by solving 10-band k.p Hamiltonian matrix with the Poisson equation. Both single well and double well systems were considered. Numerical results have been presented for a large range of material and structural parameters. Our results show that significant variation in the effective masses is possible by adjusting the relevant parameters and that the effects due to self-consistency are small.
We summarize the recently developed approach to modelling quantum well based semiconductor lasers based on Green's functions. The derivation of quantum Boltzmann equations is outlined and Langevin approach to spontaneous emission is described. The DFB structure is discussed. The resulting small-signal equations are derived. Finally, the application to simulations of practical structure is illustrated and some numerical results are presented.
We present results of the analysis of effective masses and optical gain on InGaAsN based quantum-well structures.
In our work we have considered self-consistent effects which are determined by a simultaneous solution of the
Luttinger-Kohn equations for electron and hole wavefunctions and the Poisson equation for heterostructure
potential modification. We describe systematic numerical results for a large range of material and structural
parameters. Our results show that significant variation in the value of effective masses and optical gain is possible
by adjusting the relevant parameters. We also indicate the effects due to self-consistency.
Using small-signal analysis based on rate equations, the effect of carrier transport on the modulation bandwidth of multiple quantum well lasers (MQW) is analyzed. Based on effective transport time model, it is shown that there is an optimum value of the ratio between carrier capture time and escape time, at which the modulation bandwidth of MQW lasers achieves maximum. The theoretical results were compared with experimental data and satisfactory agreement has been found. Drift-diffusion approach has also been introduced, and some preliminary results are presented.
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