Current-generated spin in topological insulators (TIs) has been shown to efficiently switch FM magnetization via spin-orbit torque (SOT) with much lower critical currently densities. However, TI bulk are often degenerately doped and can shunt current from the surface states. Here we demonstrate SOT switching from bulk-insulating Bi2Se3, obtained by growth on BiInSe/In2Se3 buffer layers by MBE, with significantly reduced critical current density than conventional “bulk-conducting” Bi2Se3. We further grew epitaxial In2Se3 tunnel barriers on Bi2Se3, and demonstrate its spin sensitivity, towards further minimize current shunting through the FM metal and overall power consumption for magnetization switching.
One of the main tasks in the investigation of 2-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides is the determination of valley lifetimes. In this work, we combine time-resolved Kerr rotation with electrical transport measurements to explore the gate-dependent valley lifetimes of free conduction band electrons of monolayer WSe2. When tuning the Fermi energy into the conduction band we observe a strong decrease of the respective valley lifetimes which is consistent with both spin-orbit and electron-phonon scattering. We explain the formation of a valley polarization by the scattering of optically excited valley polarized bright trions into dark states by intervalley scattering. Furthermore, we show that the conventional time-resolved Kerr rotation measurement scheme has to be modified to account for photo-induced gate screening effects. Disregarding this adaptation can lead to erroneous conclusions drawn from gate-dependent optical measurements and can completely mask the true gatedependent valley dynamics.
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