A novel method for the measurement of ultra-high absorbance liquids has been devised and details are given of a new ultra absorbance instrument developed specifically for these thin liquid film measurements. The instrument specifically constructed for monitoring and measuring sunscreen products has been tested using locally produced sunscreen products. This new approach has been made possible by the development of very accurate liquid micro-dispensers and details are given of the novel procedure to carry out these measurements. Detailed description of the apparatus construction is given with photographs of the apparatus. The work described is largely based on research and quality control measurements of Parasol suncare products. Results on the reproducibility of measurements taken with the UAI for a commercial range of factor 20 sunscreen liquid are given and these have been used to validate the performance of the instrument. It is believed that the absorbance measurements described here are perhaps the largest ever reported. In addition, the photostability of this product has been monitored in aging tests. Finally, some studies have been done on two other commercially available factor 20 products that show that these are significantly worse with regards to both protection from ageing and burn.
A study was conducted to determine the alcohol concentration, refractive index and surface tension of binary solutions from multianalyser tensiotrace data. Characteristic vector analysis of multivariate response data has been successfully applied to a variety of optical tensiotraces to explore the quantitative capabilities of the multianalyser tensiograph. Singular value decomposition was used to determine the key vector i.e. the characteristics of the required signal as it affects the data. This vector is then optimised using the known established data to estimate the value of the unknown parameters. By the use of characteristic vector analysis the paper explores the relationship that exists between the tensiotrace features and the physical properties of a liquid. This paper shows the possibility of future work for identifying wines. A second study has been conducted where five wine samples were run on the multianalyser and their tensiotraces acquired. This preliminary study demonstrates that wine archiving and fingerprinting is possible.
An extensive experimental study into the relationships between tensiotrace features and surface tension of alcohols and bifunctional liquids has produced a series of empirical relationships. The use of this 'inside the rainbow' studies for pendant drops is known as optical tensiography. A series of empirical relationships discovered will enable the experimental measurement of surface tension without the correction factors that have been used since the development of the drop volume/weight method over a century ago for a restricted range of liquids. This approach offers potentially important applications in surface science and it is also suggested how these new relationships will be tested using theoretical models developed by the authors in the ongoing work. This paper provides the first experimental investigation into the commencement of the tensiotrace, a position at which optical coupling begins, which reveals measurement possibilities.
KEYWORDS: Data mining, Data modeling, Visualization, Data acquisition, Data processing, Software development, Mining, Statistical analysis, Mathematical modeling, Raman spectroscopy
Phase Coherent Data-scatter (PCD-S) was originally developed for the area of tensiographic data mining and analysis. This development has been augmented with the engineering of a software toolkit called TraceMiner, which integrates this technique with additional data mining and statistical tools for general use. This paper presents, for the first time, a theoretical treatment of data-scatter as a generic data mining tool, cognisant of the data set descriptions, data transformations, measurands and data model visualisations possible with data-scatter. Data-diffraction resulting from data scatter is also presented here for the first time. The use of the two approaches in a Hough technique to analyse the resulting data-diffraction patterns is discussed briefly in the context of applications of this new data scatter approach.
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