Quantum optical networks will enable distribution of quantum entanglement at long distances, with applications including interconnects between future quantum computers and secure quantum communications. I will present our recent work on developing quantum networking components based on rare-earth ions such as single optically addressable quantum bits based on ytterbium 171 in yttrium orthovanadate, microwave to optical transducers based on erbium doped crystals coupled to microwave and optical resonators, and on-chip telecom optical quantum memories.
Optical quantum networks for distributing entanglement between quantum machines will enable distributed quantum computing, secure communications and new sensing methods. These networks will contain quantum transducers for connecting computing qubits to travelling optical photon qubits, and quantum repeater links for distributing entanglement at long distances. In this talk I present implementations of quantum hardware for repeaters and transducers using nano-photonics and rare-earth ions, like ytterbium and erbium, exhibiting highly coherent optical and spin transitions in a solid-state environment. In particular, i discuss optically addressable single quantum bits with single shot readout based on ytterbium 171 atoms, and on-chip storage and processing of photons using erbium ensembles coupled to silicon photonics.
Optical quantum memories will enable technologies including long distance quantum communication and modular quantum computing. Rare earth ion doped crystals provide an excellent solid state platform for optical quantum memories. Among rare earths, erbium is particularly appealing due to its long-lived telecom-wavelength resonance, allowing integration with silicon photonics and with existing optical communication technology and infrastructure.
We present an on-chip all-optical quantum memory at telecom wavelengths using a nanobeam photonic crystal cavity fabricated directly in erbium-167 doped yttrium orthosilicate. Using an atomic frequency comb protocol, we store coherent pulses for memory times as long as 10 µs, albeit with low efficiency. For shorter memory times, we achieve a memory efficiency of 0.4%, which is limited by the coupling rate between the resonator and the ensemble of ions. By working at dilution refrigerator temperatures, we are able to access a regime where the ions have long optical coherence times and good spectral holeburning properties using only a moderate magnetic field applied with permanent magnets. We characterize the multimode properties and fidelity of the quantum memory in this device, and outline a path toward higher efficiency.
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