A 10-mm-long cylindrical shell was written in neodymium doped phosphate glass by a femtosecond laser delivering
pulses with a pulse repetition of 1 kHz, energies of 90 uJ and duration of 120 fs. The pulses were focused below the glass
surface by an objective producing ablation filaments about 200 um in length. During processing, the sample was placed
on a three-dimensional (3-D) translation stage, which moved along an enclosed pattern in the horizontal plane followed
by a minor descent less than the filament length in the vertical direction. As this procedure continued, a cylinder, which
demonstrated optical waveguiding, was fabricated with a rarified periphery and densified center region due to plasmonic
expansion and outward shockwave upon laser ablation. The refractive-index contrast, propagation loss, near- and farfield
mode distribution, and microscopic fluorescence micrograph of the waveguides were measured. 1-to-N splitters
with adjustable splitting ratio were also fabricated using current approach indicating its 3-D processing flexibility.
Compared with previous femtosecond laser fabrication methods, waveguides prepared in this approach exploit both
depressed cladding and stress-induced refractive index increase in core region and show controllable mode conduction,
strong field confinement, large numerical aperture, low propagation loss, acceptable thermal stability and intact core
region.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.