Sensing technology and sensor development have received increased attention in the recent years, and a number of types
of sensors have been developed for various applications for materials and structures. In this paper, we will discuss the
concept of combining sensing of global vibration and local infrared imaging techniques. The global vibration-based
techniques determine the health condition of structures by the changes in their dynamic properties or responses to
external disturbs or excitations. Infrared Imaging is introduced here to detect local defects or problems so that to provide
more direct and accurate assessment about the severity and extent of the damage. The progress on developing a hybrid
structural health monitoring system is presented through the results on both the global sensing algorithm study and local
infrared imaging investigation on a steel C channel.
This paper presents a method for structural health monitoring using acceleration measurements. In a previous study a method for detecting, locating, and quantifying structural damages has been developed by directly using the time domain structural vibration measurements. However, only displacement and velocity measurements were used in that study. In this paper, acceleration measurements are used as feedback. Because it is more practical to measure acceleration using accelerometers, it is preferable to use acceleration rather than displacement and velocity measurements for the purpose of structural damage detection and assessment. However, using acceleration measurements is more difficult since the effects of different damages can not be decoupled completely as in the cases of displacement and velocity measurements. One approach of circumventing this difficulty is presented and it involves increasing the order of time derivatives of the linear system. The effectiveness of the proposed method using acceleration feedback is evaluated with illustrative examples of a three and an eight-story model. Results obtained are found to be comparable with results from simulations using displacement measurements as feedback.
A basic eigenvector orientation approach has been used to evaluate the possibility of controlling the onset of panel flutter using a flat panel (wide beam) as an illustrative example. The onset of flutter can be defined as the instance when two modes coalesce. Since eigenvectors for two consecutive modes are usually orthogonal, an indication of the onset of flutter condition can be observed earlier when they start to lose their orthogonality. Using eigenvector orientation method for the prediction of the flutter boundary (indicated by a gradual loss of orthogonality between two eigenvectors) was developed in a previous study and thus can provide a 'lead time' for possible flutter control. In this study, a basic simple beam element is used to model the panel (wide beam). As a first step, piezoelectric layers are assumed to be bonded on the top and bottom surface of the panel to provide counter-bending moments at joints between elements. The standard linear quadratic control theory is used for controller design and full state feedback is considered for simplicity. The controllers are designed to modify the system stiffness matrix in such a way to re-stabilize the system at the onset of flutter; as a result, flutter occurrence is offset to higher flutter speed. Controllers based on different control objectives are considered and the effects of control moment locations are studied as well. Potential applications of this basic method can be straightforwardly applied to plates and shells of laminated composites using finite element method.
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