Polymeric materials based on polystyrene (PS) are one of the most common polygraph materials. It is necessary to differentiate between of optical homogeneity of the polycrystalline structure of PS. We aim to demonstrate the use of a polarization interference method to allow quick and easy practical differentiation between PS samples with different types of deformations. Polycrystalline optically homogeneous and mechanically stressed samples of PS were investigated. We map the local contrast of interference patterns in microscopic images of образцов PS using a set-up polarizing interferometer, based on the superposition of a reference laser beam with the interference pattern of the sample in the image plane. The local contrast distributions can be directly related to the polycrystalline structure of образцов PS. The dependences of the magnitude of the 1st to 4th order statistical moments of the local contrast polarization-interference distribution are determined. To determine the diagnostic potential of the method две groups of polycrystalline образцов PS were formed. The first group contained 16 optically homogeneous PS samples, while the second contained 16 PS samples with residual mechanical stresses.
The article contains the results of experimental testing of methods of azimuthal-invariant Mueller-matrix microscopy (Mueller-matrix invariants - MMI) of optically anisotropic fluorophores of samples of histological sections of the brain, liver and kidney, as well as myocardium and lung tissue; temporal detection of variations in the magnitude of the statistical moments of the 1st - 4th orders, characterizing the distributions of the MMI value of linear birefringence and optical activity of samples of histological sections of the brain, liver and kidney, as well as myocardium and lung tissue with different age of damage; determination of the diagnostic efficiency (time interval and accuracy) of establishing the age of damage to human internal organs by digital histological methods of MMI mapping of optical anisotropy of fluorophores in histological sections of the brain, liver and kidney, as well as myocardium and lung tissue.
A model Jones-matrix description of the polycrystalline structure of polymeric polyethylene films (PPF) is presented. Algorithms for Jones-matrix reproduction of parameters of linear and circular birefringence of PPF are obtained. The presented results of the study of the relationship between layered maps of the elements of the Jones matrix and layered PPF maps. The values and ranges of changes in the statistical moments of the 1st - 2nd orders, which characterize the layered maps of linear and circular birefringence PPF, have been determined. Physically substantiated and experimentally determined the effectiveness of the method of 3D layer-by-layer Jones of matrix mapping PPF in differentiating their structure
The article presents the results of determining the possibilities of the polarization-singular approach to improve the efficiency of Mueller-matrix polarimetry in the differential diagnosis of polycrystalline structure of optically transparent polycarbonate layers. The relationship between the characteristic values of the elements of the Mueller matrix and polarization-singular L - states of microscopic images of polycrystalline structure of optically transparent polycarbonate layers was determined. A technique for the experimental determination of the distributions of the characteristic values of Mueller-matrix images has been developed and tested. Statistical criteria for express differential diagnosis of polycrystalline structure of optically transparent polycarbonate layers with different mechanical stresses were determined.
The materials of the experimental determination of the set of maps and histograms of the distribution of the magnitude of the fluctuations of linear (DFLB) birefringence for differential diagnosis and the formation of hemorrhages of traumatic origin, cerebral infarction ischemic and hemorrhagic genesis by diffuse tomography of the polycrystalline structure of histological sections of the brain.
The results of a complex statistical, correlation and fractal analysis of distributions of the magnitude of the real component of the elements of the Jones matrix polycrystalline films of biological fluids of different biochemical composition are presented. The magnitudes and ranges of changes in the set of statistical, correlation, and fractal moments of the 1st to 4th orders, which characterize the Jones-matrix images of dendritic, spherolithic, and combined networks of biological crystals, are determined. A classification system is proposed for the polarization manifestations of the optically anisotropic properties of such polycrystalline structures for the development of the principles for the differential diagnosis of pathological conditions of human organs.
The results of a statistical analysis of the distributions of the value of the fourth parameter of the Stokes vector (hereinafter the "phase parameter" - FP) of microscopic images of histological sections of kidney tissues with parenchymal morphological structure of the dead with varying degrees of blood loss are presented.
The results of a study of the effectiveness in the differential diagnosis of cases of alcohol and carbon monoxide poisoning by azimuthally invariant polarizing Mueller-matrix microscopy are presented:
multichannel sounding with differently polarized laser beams of histological sections of the brain, myocardium, adrenal glands, liver and polycrystalline blood films of the dead and multichannel polarization filtering of a series of microscopic images with algorithmic determination of coordinate distributions (maps):
1. Muller-matrix invariants of linear birefringence of fibrillar networks (MMI LB); 2. Mueller-matrix invariants of circular birefringence of optically active molecular complexes (MMI CB);
statistical differentiation of MMI LB and MMI CB cards with the optically anisotropic component of histological sections of the brain, myocardium, adrenal glands, liver and polycrystalline blood films of the dead due to IHD (control group), alcohol poisoning (study group 1) and carbon monoxide (study group 2);
determination of operational characteristics (sensitivity, specificity and balanced accuracy) of the strength of the multidimensional Mueller-matrix microscopy method for histological sections of the brain, myocardium, adrenal glands, liver and polycrystalline blood films of the dead of all groups.
1. Development of a structural-logical scheme and experimental testing of methods and means of diffuse tomography new in forensic practice for reproducing fluctuations in the magnitude of linear and circular birefringence and dichroism of the polycrystalline structure of histological sections of the brain. 2. Experimental determination of a set of maps and histograms fluctuation distributions of linear (FFLB) and circular (FFCB) birefringence and dichroism (FALD and FACD) for differential diagnosis of traumatic hemorrhage, cerebral infarction ischemic and hemorrhagic genesis using diffuse tomography of polycrystalline structure of histological sections of the brain. 3. Information analysis to determine the operational characteristics of the force (sensitivity, specificity and balanced accuracy) of the diffuse tomography method.
By Mueller-matrix mapping of changes in the distribution of the magnitude of matrix invariants characterizing the degree of crystallization of histological sections of the brain, liver and kidney, the forensic medical criteria were determined and the interval for determining the damage duration of 24 hours with an accuracy of 45min. - 50 min. was established. For azimuthally invariant polarization mapping of changes in the distributions of Mueller-matrix invariants characterizing the optical activity of molecular complexes of histological sections of the brain, liver, and kidney, forensic medical criteria were developed for the first time and accuracy was improved to 35 min. - 40 min. in the interval for determining the damage duration period of 72 hours. For highly accurate objective determination of the damage duration in a long time interval (1 hour - 120 hours), a polarization tomography method has been developed (reproducing the distributions of birefringence of fibrillar networks of histological sections of internal organs), which provides an accuracy of 25 minutes. (1 hour - 24 hours) to 45 minutes (24 hours - 120 hours).
For a high-precision objective histological determination of the prescription of damage to internal organs over a long period of time, a systematic approach was used based on digital azimuthally invariant polarizing, Mueller-matrix and tomographic methods for studying temporary changes in the molecular and polycrystalline structure of brain, liver and kidney samples in the post-mortal period. It was revealed that a linear change in the magnitude of statistical moments of the 1st - 4th orders characterizing the distribution of data of digital azimuthally invariant polarizing, Mueller-matrix and tomographic methods is interconnected with the duration of damage to internal organs. On this basis, a new algorithm for digital histological determination of the prescription of the occurrence of damage is proposed. To determine the extent of damage, the method of azimuthally invariant polarization microscopy with different magnification of the image of histological sections of tissues of internal organs was used, which provided diagnostic relationships between changes in the magnitude of statistical moments of the 1st to 4th orders, which characterize the azimuth and elliptic polarization maps of digital microscopic images and time intervals of damage duration.
The results of laser autofluorescence microscopy of the distribution of the intensity of the MLA of polycrystalline structures of biological tissue preparations are presented. The data of a statistical analysis of the distribution of the magnitude of the intensity of MLA networks of biological crystals of histological sections of tissues of the spleen and kidney with the parenchymal morphological structure of the dead with different levels of blood loss are presented.
This report contains the results of approbations of the polarization correlometry method (PCM) – statistical mapping of biological tissues fractal structure (myocardium and brain - “fibrillar optically anisotropic networks” and the wall of the rectum - “island optically anisotropic structures”) and liquids (polycrystalline films of synovial fluid - a superposition of “structured and island networks of biological crystals").
The materials of experimental studies of the coordinate and statistical structure of the coordinate distributions of the degree of local depolarization of coprofiltrate layers taken from patients of group 1 and group 2 are presented.
The interrelations between the values of the statistical moments characterizing the coordinate distributions of the degree of local depolarization of coprofiltrate layers and the physiological state of the patients within group 1 and group 2 are established.
An analysis of the operational characteristics of the power of mapping the coordinate distributions of the degree of local depolarization of coprofiltrate layers taken from patients of group 1 and group 2 based on the determination of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, predictability of positive and predictability of a negative result is carried out from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine.
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