The basics for investigating histological brain tissue sections using polarization and differential Mueller matrix microscopy are provided. The structural and logical scheme, design, and examples of results for the Stokes polarimetric mapping technique of microscopic images of deceased brain tissue sections are presented, where orientation (OP) and phase (FP) parameters are determined. Furthermore, the structural and logical scheme, design, and examples of results for the azimuthally-invariant Mueller matrix mapping technique of histological brain tissue sections from deceased individuals are presented, where optical activity (MMI OA) and linear dichroism (MMI LD) maps are determined.
The presented results are the outcomes of wavelet analysis of layered maps of polarization azimuth and ellipticity for diffuse images of biological tissues with the following pathologies: myocardium - "ischemic heart disease (IHD) - acute coronary insufficiency (ACI)". The coordinate maps and linear profiles of multiscale wavelet coefficients are provided, which characterize the coordinate distributions of azimuth and ellipticity values of the multiply scattered object field of optically thick layers of biological tissues with different morphological structures and pathological conditions in the phase cross-section 𝜃 = 𝜋⁄8, where the influence of the diffuse component is minimized. Tables of statistical moments of 1st to 4th orders are presented, which characterize the distributions of amplitude values of multiscale wavelet coefficients for maps of polarization azimuth and ellipticity of diffuse microscopic images, and diagnostic levels of differentiation accuracy for various pathological conditions are revealed.
The experimental methodologies of digital histology are presented, including: azimuthally-invariant polarization mapping of microscopic images of histological tissue sections of human internal organs; mapping of Mueller matrix invariants of linear and circular birefringence in histological tissue sections of human internal organs; polarization reconstruction of maps of linear and circular birefringence in histological tissue sections of human internal organs.
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