We propose optical injection locking (OIL) injecting for the first-time a hybrid InP-Si3N4 laser source using another laser integrated on the same chip for microwave generation through optical heterodyning in Ka-, Q- and V-bands. A study of the drift exhibited by the devices will be performed as key parameter of lasers. The amount of free-running drift exhibited by the lasers and a way to minimize as much as possible. According to the measured drift that goes in the worst case up to 520 MHz. However, the electric drift of the beat-note RF signal keeps below 50 MHz thanks of being thermally stabilize over the same conditions. To eliminated the drift, an optical injection locking of one InP/Si3N4 hybrid integrated laser have been done by injecting another hybrid laser integrated on the same chip for the first time. We have demonstrated a locking range demonstrated a locking range of 1.86 GHz.
We propose a microwave photonic band-pass filter in the TriPleX® waveguide technology, capable of performing channel selection in flexible DEMUX satellite systems. The proposed channel selector consists of 2 stages of filtering, that enable fully reconfigurable central frequency and channel bandwidth tuning in the Ka-, Q- and V-band. The first stage of filtering is based on a Coupled Ring Optical Waveguide (CROW) filter and serves as channel bandwidth regulator. The CROW filter includes 8 ring resonators, each with a length of 7.38 cm, corresponding to a Free Spectral Range (FSR) of 2.6667 GHz. Bandwidth reconfigurability is achieved by using ultra low-loss, stress-optic lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-based tunable couplers between the ring resonators, while central frequency tunability is enabled for the whole Ka-band by incorporating a tunable PZT-based phase shift on each ring resonator. The second stage of filtering consists of Asymmetric Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (AMZI) - lattice filters and serves as FSR extender. AMZI lattice filters with FSR of 5.3334 GHz and 10.6668 GHz, respectively, are used to expand the central frequency tunability of the channel selector in the Q- and V-band. The lattice filters are also equipped with tunable phase shifters to allow for tunability in the central frequency. The proposed 2-stage channel selector filter has a fFSR=10.6668 GHz and exhibits a tunable passband bandwidth from 125 MHz to 1000 MHz. The passband insertion loss and group delay variation are < 0.9 dB and 2.8 ns, while channel isolation is higher than 50 dB. Additional presentation content can be accessed on the supplemental content page.
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a well-known technique for remote sensing applications with great advantages like uninterrupted imaging capabilities even at night or in presence of cloud cover. However, spaceborne SAR sensors face major challenges like cost and size, which are among the great barriers against their applicability for future constellations of low-Earth observation applications. SAR sensors are not compact and require large or medium-sized satellites weighting hundred kilograms or more, which cost hundreds million dollars. To solve these challenges, the recently started SPACEBEAM project, funded by the European Commission, aims at developing a novel SAR receiver approach, i.e., the Scan-on-Receive (SCORE), exploiting a hybrid integrated optical beamforming network (iOBFN) that also realizes the electro-photonic down-conversion of RF signals. The compactness and frequency flexibility of the proposed photonic solution complies with the requirements of future constellations of low-Earth orbit satellites in terms of size, weight, power consumption, and cost. A high-level representation of the SCORE SAR receiver module based on the multi-functional hybrid photonic integrated circuit (PIC), with 12 input RF channels and 3 output beam-formed IF channels, is shown in the submitted PDF document. For this design, we target the development of an X-band SCORE-SAR receiver having a swath width of 50 km (5 times wider than state-of-art spaceborne SAR systems), and enabling 1.5 m spatial resolution in both along-track and across-track directions. During the conference, we will present the design and specifications of the SCORE-SAR receiver at equipment level, where we aim at a hermetically packaged PIC that is also designed for space compliance. We target a flight-design for the RF front-end and control electronics, enabling the electro-photonic frequency down-conversion of the RF signals and the fast control of the PZT-driven iOBFN with <300 ns switching time.
Over the past few years considerable attention has been focussed on the inclusion of flexibility in communication satellite payloads. The purpose of this flexibility is to enable a given satellite on command to support different frequency plans, re-configure coverage in response to changing traffic demands and re-configure interconnectivity between coverages.
In this article a selection of highlights of the TriPleX™ technology of LioniX is given. The basic waveguide technology is explained with recent benchmark measurements done by University California Santa Barbara (UCSB) and University Twente (UT-TE). In order to show the low loss transparency over a wide wavelength range three examples of applications in different wavelength regimes are described in more detail. These are the Integrated Laser Beam Combiner (ILBC) of XiO Photonics in the visible light, a ringresonator sensing platform of LioniX around 850 nm and a phased array antenna with an Optical Beam Forming Network in the 1550 nm band. Furthermore it is shown that the technology is easily accessible via Multi Project Wafer Runs for which the infrastructure and design libraries are also set up.
The spatial coherence of optical gratings fabricated by means of a step & repeat camera is characterized by a diffractive interferometric displacement sensor using the grating under test as the grating scale. The displacement sensor head comprises two readout gratings at a definite distance from each other which allows the determination of the local deviation of the grating period with a resolution of 0.001 nanometer.
A method has been developed by which, after removal of the bulk silicon in a substrate transfer process, the backside of a wafer can be processed with the same lithography as the front side of the wafer. To achieve an accurate front-to-backwafer alignment accuracy, mirror symmetric alignment markers for an ASML PAS5000 waferstepper have been developed and applied in a Silicon-on- Anything process. In this manner minimum dimension low-ohmic contacts were fabricated on the backwafer. The mirror symmetric alignment markers are used in combination with standard overlay test procedures to characterize the front-to backwafer overlay accuracy. The measured overlay errors are divided up in non- mirror symmetric lens distortions and wafer distortion as a result of the substrate transfer process. The practical minimum device feature that can be realized on the backwafer is limited to 0.9-1.2 micrometers as a result of front-to-backwafer overlay errors.
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