We developed isotropic multiview (IsoView) light-sheet microscopy in order to image fast cellular dynamics, such as cell movements in an entire developing embryo or neuronal activity throughput an entire brain or nervous system, with high resolution in all dimensions, high imaging speeds, good physical coverage and low photo-damage. To achieve high temporal resolution and high spatial resolution at the same time, IsoView microscopy rapidly images large specimens via simultaneous light-sheet illumination and fluorescence detection along four orthogonal directions. In a post-processing step, these four views are then combined by means of high-throughput multiview deconvolution to yield images with a system resolution of ≤ 450 nm in all three dimensions. Using IsoView microscopy, we performed whole-animal functional imaging of Drosophila embryos and larvae at a spatial resolution of 1.1-2.5 μm and at a temporal resolution of 2 Hz for up to 9 hours. We also performed whole-brain functional imaging in larval zebrafish and multicolor imaging of fast cellular dynamics across entire, gastrulating Drosophila embryos with isotropic, sub-cellular resolution. Compared with conventional (spatially anisotropic) light-sheet microscopy, IsoView microscopy improves spatial resolution at least sevenfold and decreases resolution anisotropy at least threefold. Compared with existing high-resolution light-sheet techniques, such as lattice lightsheet microscopy or diSPIM, IsoView microscopy effectively doubles the penetration depth and provides subsecond temporal resolution for specimens 400-fold larger than could previously be imaged.
Polarization-sensitive OCT is used to examine tissue microstructure by providing imaging of
birefringent properties. Single-camera spectral-domain polarization-sensitive OCT has been of recent
interest, whereby a custom spectrometer is employed to simultaneously measure orthogonal polarization
states scattered from the sample. This avoids synchronization and triggering issues associated with
multiple-camera setups. It also has the advantage that the optic axis can be extracted without polarization
modulating the incident light. However, the disadvantage is that the line camera pixel-to-wavenumber
nonlinearity requires either careful spectrometer alignment, or digital compensation. In fact, this problem is further exacerbated in high resolution PSOCT systems as they require
compensation over larger bandwidths. Here we report the construction of an ultrabroad-bandwidth
PSOCT system using a single camera spectrometer similar to Baumann et al. In order to enjoy the
benefits of this instrument, we outline a method for digital dispersion compensation that removes the
necessity for special camera alignment. We find that there are three non-negligible types of dispersion to
consider: 1) the aforementioned camera pixel-to-wavenumber nonlinearity, 2) the refractive index
dispersion in the sample itself, and 3) the dispersion imbalance between the arms of the OCT
interferometer. The latter two were previously recognized for time-domain high-resolution OCT, where a
digital dispersion compensation method was successfully employed to treat them both. For our
SDOCT application, we find that dispersion types 1 and 2 have the same functional effect and can be
combined into one compensation step, and as such, much of the previous compensation method can be
used. However, we find that it is necessary to add two steps to the analysis technique whereby the
relative scaling and positioning of the two polarization images is adjusted to align the scatterers. We also
find that better results are achieved by fitting to larger polynomial orders. We show how our technique
provides high-resolution PSOCT with precise alignment between the orthogonal polarization images.
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic defect in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein and is the
most common life-limiting genetic condition affecting the Caucasian population. It is an autosomal recessive,
monogenic inherited disorder characterized by failure of airway host defense against bacterial infection, which results in
bronchiectasis, the breakdown of airway wall extracellular matrix (ECM). In this study, we show that the in vitro models
consisting of human tracheo-bronchial-epithelial (hBE) cells grown on porous supports with embedded magnetic
nanoparticles (MNPs) at an air-liquid interface are suitable for long term, non-invasive assessment of ECM remodeling
using magnetomotive optical coherence elastography (MMOCE). The morphology of ex vivo CF and normal lung tissues
using OCT and correlative study with histology is also examined. We also demonstrate a quantitative measure of normal
and CF airway elasticity using MMOCE. The improved understanding of pathologic changes in CF lung structure and
function and the novel method of longitudinal in vitro ECM assessment demonstrated in this study may lead to new in
vivo imaging and elastography methods to monitor disease progression and treatment in cystic fibrosis.
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