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We are currently developing a new microwave instrument concept, based on superconducting filterbank spectrometers, which will enable high spectral resolution observations of atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles across the microwave/sub-millimeter wavelength region with photon-noise-limited sensitivity. This study aims at investigating the information content on temperature and water-vapour that could be provided by such a hyperspectral microwave instrument under clear sky-conditions. Here, we present a new concept of Transition Edge Sensors (TESs)-based hyperspectral microwave instrument for atmospheric sounding applications. In this study, for assessing the impact of hyperspectral sampling in microwave spectral region in clear sky-conditions, we have estimated the information content as standard figure of merit called as degrees of freedom for signal (DFS). The DFS for a set of temperature and humidity sounding channels (50-60 GHz, 118GHz and 183 GHz) have been analyzed under the linear optimal estimation theory framework.
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This course describes the theoretical foundations of far-infrared and submillimetre-wave astronomical optics. First the notion of coherent modal optics (Gaussian-Hermite, Gaussian-Laguerre, plane-wave, and Gabor-mode analysis) is introduced, and then a detailed procedure for modeling partially coherent optical systems, including sources and detectors, is described. A variety of advanced analytical techniques are presented (for example, how much power is coupled between two partially coherent beams? and how do we find the natural modes of a radiation field?), and the relationship to quantum optics is outlined. The concepts are demonstrated by explaining the modal principles of planar submillimetre-wave astronomical imaging arrays and multi-mode astronomical bolometric interferometers.
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