Large area fractional laser treatment (LAFLT) is a new fat removal and weight loss concept, which applies microscopic thermal injuries to large parts of the skin. These injuries induce a controlled metabolic response which temporarily increases the energy expenditure (EE), thereby reducing overall weight. In a mouse model, we investigated the dosimetry settings to induce this metabolic reaction. Therefore, mice were housed in metabolic cages and their body composition was analyzed. Results showed a significant EE increase (31% - 91%, p < 0.05) over a 6-day period which seems to suggest that an enhanced metabolic state can be achieved.
Non-fractional lasers used for hair removal penetrate deep into the tissue (~4 mm), and can be repurposed for enhanced thermal delivery using topically applied indocyanine green (ICG), a highly absorptive NIR dye. We demonstrate a new methodology for achieving fractional damage with an 808nm diode laser using a microneedle array injector and ICG impregnated PLGA nanoparticle formulation. A comparison of the effects of injection depth and irradiation dose between free ICG and PLGA@ICG revealed that the nanoparticle formulation effectively concentrates and confines the fluorophore locally at depths of ~3mm and thermal damage is achieved with irradiances as low as 10J/cm2. These improvements in the delivery of ICG subcutaneously in a fractional pattern allow for confined dermal tissue injury using low irradiances, minimizing discoloration of superficial layers of the skin, and significantly enhancing the depth of thermal injury achievable with a wide-area non-fractional laser diode.
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) provides in-vivo images of microvasculature. In skin it often represents a dynamic perfusion state without depicting the actual extent of the vascular network. Here, we present the capillary refill method for obtaining a more accurate anatomic representation of surface capillary networks in human skin using OCTA.
OCTA images were captured at baseline displaying ambient capillary perfusion and after compression and release of the skin representing the network of existing capillaries at full capacity. This method provides mapping of cutaneous capillary networks independent of ambient perfusion comparable to histological analysis of biopsies on identical skin sites.
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