KEYWORDS: Image filtering, Ultrasonography, Speckle, Image processing, Linear filtering, Digital filtering, Electronic filtering, Ultrasonics, Signal to noise ratio, Gaussian filters
A review of the methods of filtering ultrasound images on the example of hip dysplasia images is presented, their advantages and disadvantages are shown. Demonstrated ways of computer diagnostics of Hip dysplasia development. The method of filtration of the speckle noise of ultrasonic images of the hip dysplasia was proposed. The proposed method focuses on Gaussian blur effects. The idea of the method is that performs a logical AND operation between the original input image and two another images processed Gaussian filtering. The algorithm was tested on the tested images, as well as on real ultrasound images of hip dysplasia.
The purpose of this study is to develop a fuzzy expert system based on the analysis of biomedical images for the diagnosis of oncological diseases using breast cancer as an example. The main directions of application of mathematical methods in medical diagnosis are analyzed, their drawbacks are evaluated, and principles of diagnosis, based on fuzzy logic, are formulated. Mathematical models and algorithms are developed, formalizing the process of diagnostic decision-making based on fuzzy logic with quantitative and qualitative parameters of the patient's condition; mathematical models of membership functions are developed, formalizing the representation of quantitative and qualitative parameters of the patient's condition in the form of fuzzy sets, used in models and algorithms for diagnosing and determining the diagnosis in the case of breast cancer.
KEYWORDS: Ultrasonics, Mathematical modeling, Ultrasonography, Receivers, Temperature metrology, Acoustics, Process control, Wave propagation, Signal processing, Signal attenuation
The aim of the research is to improve the technical parameters of ultrasonic meters by using the phenomenon of resonance and standing wave. The basis of the resonance method is the using standing acoustic waves arising in the medium due to the interference of the incident and reflected acoustic waves. The paper proposes a mathematical model of the ultrasonic resonance method for measuring parameters of liquid and gaseous media, which can be used for measuring control of parameters such as density, temperature, thickness, flow velocity, and others. To test the adequacy of the proposed model of ultrasonic wave propagation, its computer simulation and experimental studies were carried out. The air was chosen as the test medium (temperature 20° С, velocity 343m/s, atmospheric pressure 1atm). The time diagrams of the signal at the receiver for a distance of 34.3mm, when the resonance condition was satisfied, and for a distance of 34.73mm, when the ant resonance condition was satisfied, were modeled according to the proposed mathematical model. The dependence of the amplitude of the signal at the receiver is given for signal frequencies of 170–20kHz with a transmitter-to-receiver distance of 35.85mm and a sound speed of 340.8m/s. The simulation results confirm the adequacy of the purposed mathematical model. This allows proposing a new class of self-oscillating ultrasonic methods for measuring and control of medium parameters. The block diagram and the principle of operation of the auto-oscillating ultrasound meters for measuring the thickness, and gas temperature of test objects are described.
A new digital technique for objective differential diagnosis of the septic process severity was developed and experimentally tested by phase mapping of microscopic images of histological sections of polycrystalline internal organs and blood films of laboratory rats. the results of statistical analysis of histological sections of the internal organs of rats from control group 1 and research groups 2 to 4 with different severity of septic pathology are presented.
Synthesis of (Ag2S)x(As2S3)1-x superionic glasses for x<0.2 are carried out. The spectrometric studies of optical absorption edge in (Ag2S)x(As2S3)1-x glasses are performed in the temperature range 77-390 K. Optical absorption edge of (Ag2S)x(As2S3)1-x glasses with addition of Ag2S is strongly smeared and has an exponential shape.The influence of temperature and composition on the absorption edge behavior, parameters of optical absorption edge and electronphonon interaction as well as ordering-disordering processes in (Ag2S)x(As2S3)1-x superionic glasses are studied.
The method of mapping the ellipticity of the polarization image of blood plasma films and the analysis of the statistical moments of the obtained distributions underlies the evaluation of the mammary gland condition is considered in the article. Indicators of sensitivity and specificity of this method were evaluated and graphs of ROC curves for control group, malignant group and benign group were constructed.
The aim of this research is to develop a visualization quality improvement method of X-ray images with locally concentrated features. The features of registration and description of images during various radiological examinations were analyzed in this study. A mathematical model of a digital radiological image, as well as the visualization quality improvement method of digital radiological images, called IMRI, are developed. The efficiency of the method is tested both in processing the image of the standard Mammographic Accreditation Phantom RMI 156 and in processing various X-ray images (mammograms, fluorograms, X-rays of the cervical spine and extremities).
New approaches of red blood cell (erythrocyte) controlling by the action of evanescent wave is proposed in the given research work. Theoretical and experimental models for describing the conditions of the erythrocyte transverse motion and the vertical spin realization have been analyzed in the special selected schemes. The use of a linearly polarized plane wave with azimuth of ±45° in a model experiment, specially suggested in this work, allows visualizing the transverse controlled motion of the erythrocyte, which enables to claim about new possibilities for controlling microobjects in biology and medicine.
The purpose of this study is to formalize the stages of diagnostic and therapeutic measures in the design of computer decision support systems in medicine. Functional, structural and mathematical models of diagnostic and treatment measures are developed with the aim of increasing the efficiency of medical services and minimizing the risks of medical errors. Analysis of diagnosed states in the space of medical actions allowed developing a method of hierarchical clustering of diagnoses in the space of medical actions and substantiating the threshold values of permissible uncertainties in the diagnostic decision rule.
This paper describes the process for automating quality evaluation of bio-objects by their raster images. The main purpose of this study is to describe the decision-making algorithm on the viability of the embryo according to its geometric characteristics, such as the thickness of the pellucid zone, the sphericity of the embryo itself, the ratio of the area of the blastomere to the area of perivitelline space. The authors propose to use the methods for linear filtering raster images to obtain numerical characteristics of the quality of bio-objects.
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