Subconjunctival hemorrhage (SCH) is a prevalent ocular condition characterized by the accumulation of blood beneath the conjunctiva, resulting in a visible red patch on the eye’s surface. The appearance of SCH and the limited understanding of its progression can cause significant anxiety for patients. To address this issue and enhance ocular health management, we develop a deep learning-enabled monitoring approach that quantitatively tracks the SCH healing process through spectral reconstruction. Our approach comprises two key technical components. Firstly, automatic white balance algorithms are employed to estimate the light source’s color temperature and adjust image colors, minimizing the impact of varying lighting conditions. The SCH segmentation achieves an accuracy of 96.2 %, effectively avoiding interference from skin and eyelashes. Secondly, our monitoring approach evaluates SCH color changes, which are crucial for determining the stage of recovery. By learning a complex mapping function, the approach generates 31 hyperspectral bands (400–700 nm) by recovering the lost spectral information from a given RGB image. This process allows for a more detailed spectroscopic assessment of the affected area. The rich spectral signatures obtained from these hyperspectral images enable the classification of SCH into three distinct stages, reflecting the blood reabsorption process. This study is the first to apply deep learning-based spectral reconstruction to SCH determination, enabling evaluation of the recovery process through spectroscopic and quantitative analysis. This approach has the potential to improve daily patient care and promote better eye health control by offering more comprehensive monitoring of SCH progression.
Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a significant cause of evaporative dry eye disease, occurring when the meibomian glands (MGs) in the eyelids produce abnormal lipid amounts. MG morphological features are crucial indicators of MG function and dry eye symptoms. However, the relationship between MG morphological irregularities and MGD remains unclear. To address this, we develop an integrated deep-learning-enabled monitoring system within a portable meibography device, enabling early identification and quantification of irregularly-shaped MGs. Our approach comprises two key technical components. First, a customized model is fine-tuned to classify MG irregularities into four types: overlapping, shortening, thickening, and tortuosity. We then quantitatively analyze MG irregularity ratios among four meiboscore groups of varying MG atrophy degrees and examine their connection to Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) indexes from a subjective symptom perspective. From meiboscore 0 to 3, the overlapping MG ratio decreases by 17 %, and the shortening MG ratio increases by 12 %. Furthermore, we’ve built a handheld device equipped with infrared (IR) LED arrays and a USB camera to facilitate long-term and dynamic assessment. This meibography technology is compatible with common operating systems and can be integrated into a smartphone. The high-resolution images captured by this device can be used to assess various types of irregularities. This intelligent portable system offers an automatic and efficient quantitative evaluation of MG morphological irregularities, enabling home inspection and reducing costs. It has the potential to be applied in diagnosing and monitoring MG conditions, facilitating the management of MGD.
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