Proceedings Article | 9 April 2007
Danny Wen-Yaw Chung, Yuh-Show Tsai, Shaou-Gang Miaou, Walter Chang, Yaw-Jen Chang, Shia-Chung Chen, Y. Y. Hong, C. S. Chyang, Quan-Shong Chang, Hon-Yen Hsu, James Hsu, Wei-Cheng Yao, Ming-Sin Hsu, Ming-Chung Chen, Shi-Chen Lee, Charles Hsu, Lidan Miao, Kenny Byrd, Mohamed Chouikha, Xin-Bin Gu, Paul Wang, Harold Szu
KEYWORDS: Glucose, Blood, Sensors, Thermography, Infrared imaging, Neurons, Tumors, System on a chip, Infrared cameras, Infrared radiation
We develop an accumulatively effective and affordable set of smart pair devices to save the exuberant expenditure
for the healthcare of aging population, which will not be sustainable when all the post-war baby boomers retire (78
millions will cost 1/5~1/4 GDP in US alone). To design an accessible test-bed for distributed points of homecare, we
choose two exemplars of the set to demonstrate the possibility of translation of modern military and clinical know-how,
because two exemplars share identically the noninvasive algorithm adapted to the Smart Sensor-pairs for the real world
persistent surveillance. Currently, the standard diagnoses for malignant tumors and diabetes disorders are blood serum
tests, X-ray CAT scan, and biopsy used sometime in the physical checkup by physicians as cohort-average wellness
baselines. The loss of the quality of life in making second careers productive may be caused by the missing of timeliness
for correct diagnoses and easier treatments, which contributes to the one quarter of human errors generating the lawsuits
against physicians and hospitals, which further escalates the insurance cost and wasteful healthcare expenditure. Such a
vicious cycle should be entirely eliminated by building an "individual diagnostic aids (IDA)," similar to the trend of
personalized drug, developed from daily noninvasive intelligent databases of the "wellness baseline profiling (WBP)".
Since our physiology state undulates diurnally, the Nyquist anti-aliasing theory dictates a minimum twice-a-day
sampling of the WBP for the IDA, which must be made affordable by means of noninvasive, unsupervised and unbiased
methodology at the convenience of homes. Thus, a pair of military infrared (IR) spectral cameras has been demonstrated
for the noninvasive spectrogram ratio test of the spontaneously emitted thermal radiation from a normal human body at
37°C temperature. This invisible self-emission spreads from 3 microns to 12 microns of the radiation wavelengths. This
pair of cameras are used in the military satellite surveillance imaging operated at 3~5 mid IR band and 8~12 long IR
band accompanied by several other UV and visible bands cameras. We can thereby measure accurately both the thermal
emission bands at the mid IR and the long IR (X1 X2). The spectral ratio will be independent of the depth and imaging
environment. Similarly, we will take six times per pair saliva samples (X1 X2) inside the upper jaw for three meals daily,
of which the dynamics is shown as a delayed mirror image of "blood glucose level". And for which we must design a
portable lab "system on chip (SOC)," and the micro-fluidity of pair channels per chemical reactions. According to the
same biochemical principle of spontaneity, we apply the identical algorithm to determine both the ratio of hidden
malignant and benign heat sources (s1, s2) and the blood glucose & other sources (s1, s2) leaking into the saliva. This is
possible because of the Gibbs isothermal spontaneous process, in which the Helmholtz free energy must be minimized
for the spontaneous thermal radiation from unknown mixing of malign and benign sources or the diffusion mixing of
glucose s1
* and other sources s2
*. We have derived a general formula relating two equilibrium values, before and after, in
order to design our devices. Daily tracking the spectrogram ratio and saliva glucose levels are, nevertheless, needed for a
reliable prediction of individual malignant angiogenesis and blood glucose level in real time.
