To reconstruct three-dimensional (3D) information perfectly, phase and amplitude of incident waves must be controlled simultaneously. However, since the conventional spatial light modulation techniques could control only one component of phase or amplitude, it has very low quality of reconstructed image of its noise. So, the bulky optical filter system is required. We propose novel pixel design for a complex light modulation that can overcome these limitations. This design is based on the principle of the complex value of each pixel by dividing it into three fixed phases and controllable amplitudes. It is implemented to combination of rotated rods and is modulated to a cross polarized component for an incident wave. It has a concept that each amplitude can be controlled by width or length of each rod. In this research, we present the characteristics of the complex spatial light modulation for the proposed metasurface structure by Fourier modal method (FMM) simulation based on the rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) and verify that the proposed design can control the complex light modulation on the higher-order diffraction component. Also, noise-free hologram is verified by the results of reconstructed diffraction patterns using wave optical based simulations to analyze the distribution of complex modulated waves in free space.
In our previous work, a meta-surface was designed using adjoint-based topology optimization for high-efficiency. However, since the design pattern was complicated and the size of element was small, it was hard to maintain in the actual process and was not appropriate for commercialization. To solve this problem, we use the adjoint inverse design method by applying the local curvature filter algorithm and curvature flow technique in this study. The meta-surface design was conducted using Fourier modal method, based on rigorous coupled-wave analysis. It is assumed that the meta-surface is composed of pixels having a relative dielectric constant of the dielectric material. The dielectric constant distribution in the meta-lattice region is a design variable for optimization, and the dielectric constant of the air layer is converted over the duration. Traditionally, Gaussian filter was used to change to a processable pattern. However, since it does not maintain high efficiency characteristics, we used the local curvature filter (LCF) method. As a result, the results of efficiently finding and filtering small and complex patterns while maintaining characteristics were acquired. The LCF detects it as a local area according to the degree of curvature. The detected area is filtered using a Bernstein filter, and then combined with the global pattern again. In addition, we re-progress filtering for smooth patterns using the curve flow to adjust the curve threshold value to design the meta-surface. Consequently, we propose the method and theory of novel algorithm as a way of maintaining the high efficiency properties of the meta-surface in practice.
This Conference Presentation, Design of wide-viewing angle, full-color, high-definition, computer-generated holograms with off-axis illumination was recorded at SPIE Photonics West 2022 held in San Francisco, California, United States.
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