Electronic holographic displays precisely reconstruct the wavefront of object light and have attracted considerable attention for Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) applications. To achieve a high-quality holographic display with a wide field of view, it is necessary to reduce the pixel pitch of a spatial light modulator (SLM) to about 1 μm. We have achieved a precise control of Liquid Crystal (LC) alignment in 1 μm pitch pixels by exploiting the anisotropy of pixel space due to the lattice-shaped dielectric walls. In this paper, we have investigated the effect of LC-SLM structure on the image quality of electric holographic displays. As a result, we clarified that the image quality of phase-modulation type holographic displays does not degrade even when the number of gray levels is four or more and established a simple pixel structure that allows independent control of 1 μm pitch pixels and high image quality.
One-dimensional 1-μm-pitch light modulation was achieved experimentally using a liquid crystal (LC) device for wide viewing-zone angle holographic displays. When the pixel pitch of the LC device is 1 μm, individual pixel driving is extremely difficult due to electric field leakage and penetration of the elastic force of the LC from adjacent pixels. To overcome these problems, a dielectric shield wall structure is suggested, with dielectric walls between pixels. An LC cell with a dielectric shield wall structure was fabricated using nanoimprint technology; the individuality of the light modulation and diffraction pattern produced by the LC cell was evaluated. Our results showed that the dielectric shield wall structure achieved individual 1-μm-pitch light modulation and a diffraction angle of 19 deg at a wavelength of 633 nm. The remaining layer of the dielectric resin, which is surplus dielectric resin under the dielectric walls produced by the nanoimprint procedure, should be reduced as it tends to increase the driving voltage and electric field leakage from adjacent pixels.
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