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Unconventional wavefront sensing strategies are being developed to provide alternatives for measuring the wavefront deformation of a laser beam propagating through strong turbulence and/or along a horizontal-path. In this paper we present results from two “wavefront-sensorless” approaches: stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) and its modal version (M-SPGD). We compare the performance of both algorithms through experimental measurements under emulated dynamic atmospheric turbulence by using the coupling efficiency in a single mode fiber as performance metric. We estimate probability density function of coupling efficiency for free-space optical links using adaptive optics (AO) as a function of key parameters such us turbulence strength and AO loop rate. We demonstrate faster convergence rate of the M-SPGD algorithm as compared to the traditional SPGD, although classic SPGD achieves higher correction. Additionally, we constrain the main temporal requirements of an AO system using wavefront-sensorless architectures.
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Esdras Anzuola, Max Segel, Szymon Gladysz, Karin Stein, "Performance of wavefront-sensorless adaptive optics using modal and zonal correction," Proc. SPIE 10002, Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems XIX, 100020J (19 October 2016); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2241067