A study of modeling x-ray transmittance for material decomposition without contrast agents

Okkyun Lee; Steffen Kappler; Christoph Polster; Katsuyuki Taguchi

doi:10.1117/12.2254688

9 March 2017 A study of modeling x-ray transmittance for material decomposition without contrast agents

Okkyun Lee, Steffen Kappler, Christoph Polster, Katsuyuki Taguchi

Proceedings Volume 10132, Medical Imaging 2017: Physics of Medical Imaging; 101323G (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2254688
Event: SPIE Medical Imaging, 2017, Orlando, Florida, United States

Abstract

This study concerns how to model x-ray transmittance, exp ( -- ∫ μ_a(r, E) dr), of the object using a small number of energy-dependent bases, which plays an important role for estimating basis line-integrals in photon counting detector (PCD)-based computed tomography (CT). Recently, we found that low-order polynomials can model the smooth x-ray transmittance, i.e. object without contrast agents, with sufficient accuracy, and developed a computationally efficient three-step estimator. The algorithm estimates the polynomial coefficients in the first step, estimates the basis line-integrals in the second step, and corrects for bias in the third step. We showed that the three-step estimator was ~1,500 times faster than conventional maximum likelihood (ML) estimator while it provided comparable bias and noise. The three-step estimator was derived based on the modeling of x-ray transmittance; thus, the accurate modeling of x-ray transmittance is an important issue. For this purpose, we introduce a modeling of the x-ray transmittance via dictionary learning approach. We show that the relative modeling error of dictionary learning-based approach is smaller than that of the low-order polynomials.

Citation Download Citation

Okkyun Lee, Steffen Kappler, Christoph Polster, and Katsuyuki Taguchi "A study of modeling x-ray transmittance for material decomposition without contrast agents", Proc. SPIE 10132, Medical Imaging 2017: Physics of Medical Imaging, 101323G (9 March 2017); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2254688

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KEYWORDS

Transmittance

X-rays

X-ray detectors

Bone

Algorithm development

Performance modeling

Photon counting

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