An optical coherence tomography (OCT) system with a prototype dental probe was used to image fresh, frozen porcine jaws to evaluate the ability to identify different tissue types in the periodontium. OCT reliably imaged structures in the tooth and the periodontium to optical depths of approximately 3 mm at the 18 swine premolar sites measured. Measurements of the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to alveolar crest (AC) distance with OCT were compared to microphotography measurements at matching anatomic sites. Strong correlation between the measurements was observed (Person correlation r=0.89). Bland-Altman analysis of the agreement between measurements showed good agreement, no systematic bias, and zero fixed bias (p<0.01). This pilot study suggests OCT may be used to optically, non-invasively monitor periodontal conditions, in particular changes in alveolar bone level as measured by the CEJ-AC distance, in real time.
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