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The X-ray diffraction analysis is a nondestructive phase analytical method has been widely used in archaeology, physical chemistry, geoscience and materialogy, etc.. In this study, we developed a type of X-ray diffractometer equipped with slightly-focusing ploycapillary optics and reported some new results of this instrument. By comparing the diffraction peaks of irregular surface of the RMB 5 Jiao coin in our instrument with that of X-Pert Pro MPD (PANalytical, Holland) diffractometer. The results show that our instrument can get the accurate phases but the peaks’ positions of the phases of X-Pert Pro MPD drift largely. Moreover, our instrument measured the color glaze of a piece of ancient porcelain fired in Jizhou kiln. It shows that the 3Al2O3·2SiO2 (PDF 15-0776) and Fe2O3 (PDF 25-1402) are the main crystal structures in white glaze, the black glaze is mainly composed of the Fe3O4 (PDF 28-0491) and 3Al2O3·2SiO2 and the main phase of body is 3Al2O3·2SiO2 (PDF 15-0776) and quartz (PDF 46-1045). From those results, we can understand that the white glazes are fired in a high temperature about 1250°C while the black glaze is fired in low temperature. That is helpful to understand the firing and coloring process with color glaze of ancient porcelain fired Jizhou kiln. Therefore, it can be concluded that slightly-focusing ploycapillary optics diffractometer has broader application prospects in the analysis of samples with irregular or curving surface.
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