Exploring the impact of spatially varying heating profiles on temperature thresholds for infrared neural modulation

Margaret A. Stevens; Thomas O'Shaughnessy; Kenneth J. Schmieder

doi:10.1117/12.2607516

7 March 2022 Exploring the impact of spatially varying heating profiles on temperature thresholds for infrared neural modulation

Margaret A. Stevens, Thomas O'Shaughnessy, Kenneth J. Schmieder

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 11947, Optogenetics and Optical Manipulation 2022; 1194702 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2607516
Event: SPIE BiOS, 2022, San Francisco, California, United States

Abstract

We apply the NEURON programming environment to simulate how spatially varying heating profiles would impact the temperature differentials needed for infrared neural manipulation. Relative to a single heated zone, using multiple short heated zones along the simulated axon reduced the minimum temperature difference (ΔT) required for neural inhibition, but increased ΔT required for neural stimulation. These changes are mediated by an increase in potassium current density related to the change in temperature along the axon (dT/dx). This increase in potassium current aids in silencing propagating action potentials in the case of inhibition, but hinders a new action potential from being generated in the case of stimulation. Alterations in simulated gating variables underlie the increased potassium current density, and suggest the more frequent changes in dT/dx—associated with cyclic heating—enhance the probability of potassium channels opening. By exploring the role heating patterns can have on neural manipulation, more effective infrared systems can be designed to modulate neural behavior while minimizing the potential for thermal damage.

Conference Presentation

Citation Download Citation

Margaret A. Stevens, Thomas O'Shaughnessy, and Kenneth J. Schmieder "Exploring the impact of spatially varying heating profiles on temperature thresholds for infrared neural modulation", Proc. SPIE 11947, Optogenetics and Optical Manipulation 2022, 1194702 (7 March 2022); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2607516

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