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Axle counting device is the key basic equipment of rail transit signal system. Given that current circuit axle counting equipment is vulnerable to electromagnetic interference, an axle counting sensor based on Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is designed. Taking the continuous support beam model of the track as the theoretical sensing model, the strain curve of the rail bottom under the static load of the axle is analyzed. The FBG strain sensor is used to detect the bending strain when the train passes through the rail, two FBG strain sensors with high sensitivity are installed on the axle counter to accurately identify the number of train axles through the center wavelength drift curve of the two FBGs, and to identify the running direction of the train according to the time sequence of the response of the two FBGs. The axle counter has been tested and verified on the spot, the results show that it can accurately reflect the number of axles of the train and the direction of the train in real time. The axle counting sensor is installed on the bottom of steel rail through the fixture, which has the advantages of simple structure and convenient installation, and has a good engineering application prospect.
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