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The core device of inertial confinement fusion is a beam-target coupling instrument. The instrument has four orthographic cameras. And the camera is in a conjugate relationship with the target relative to the mirror. The existence of various errors leads to changes in the orthogonal relationship and conjugate relationship. Thus affecting the efficiency of inertial confinement fusion. In this paper, based on multi-body kinematics and homogeneous coordinate transformation theory, an error transfer model for beam-target coupled instruments is derived. The relationship between various errors and the final position of the camera is established. Build 3D model of beam-target coupling instrument by Creo. Through ANSYS Workbench, statically solve the assembly model of typical working conditions, obtain its deformation cloud image, and obtain the deformation data introduced by gravity. The motion error is measured by a biaxial autocollimator, the error is modeled by least square regression, and the parameters of the error transfer model are determined. The method in this paper effectively reduces the error introduced by gravity from 148 μm to 4 6.04 x 10-4 μm. Another error introduced during movement has been reduced from 25.9 μm to 1.9 μm .The error compensation for the beam-target coupling instrument is realized
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